Menekan Perkawinan Anak Melalui Keberpihakan Akses Perempuan di Indonesia

Child marriage in Indonesia is the highest in the world. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics recorded 1.220.990 girls in Indonesia were married before 18. This article uses literature research to describe the impact of child marriage and policymakers' strategic steps and efforts to curb the high rate of child marriage in Indonesia. Early marriage leads to a vicious cycle of low educational attainment, domestic violence, health, maternal and child health, high maternal mortality, and poverty. As marriage ages, regulation has been changing as a strategy to reduce child marriage. Unfortunately, there is no specific regulation of the marriage dispensation, which creates a gap in the number of weddings and the regulatory aspects of strategic efforts, providing women with immediate access to education, health, and work. Ensuring fair and equitable access between men and women is carried out to the maximum extent from a gender perspective in development policies strategies in Indonesia.

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Impact of child marriage on nutritional status of women from suburban and urban areas of West Bengal

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205717 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Tanima Das ◽

Anup Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Family Income ◽

West Bengal ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Muslim Women ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Child Marriage ◽

Primary Concern ◽

Weight Category ◽

The Impact

Background: Child marriage is a substantial barrier to social and economic development of a country and a primary concern for women’s health. In West Bengal, the practice of early marriage is still running especially in Muslim community. The present study was aimed to find out the impact of child marriage on nutritional status of mother in terms of BMI.Methods: 117 Muslim women from both North and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal were studied. All of them were from economically lower middle class group. Height, weight, age, age at marriage, age at 1st child birth, number of children, family income and other information were recorded.Results: During the study, the average age of 117 Muslim women was 28.4±3.7 years with a range of 21-41. Average age was 18.0±1.9 years when the Muslim women got married. 83.6% women who got married in childhood were in underweight category of which 15.8% were in severe thinness category. But 86.9% women who got married after 18 year were in normal weight category. Only 5.3% women of this group were in underweight category.Conclusions: Thinness of the mother was might be due to marriage before 18 year. Thus from the above study it could be concluded that child marriage had a negative impact on mother’s nutritional status in terms of BMI.

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Dispensasi Perkawinan Anak Setelah Adanya Perma Nomor 5 Tahun 2019

Wajah Hukum ◽

10.33087/wjh.v5i1.333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 241

Author(s):

Allika Fadia Tasya ◽

Atik Winanti

Keyword(s):

Supreme Court ◽

Best Interests ◽

Child Marriage ◽

Minimum Age ◽

Specific Regulation ◽

The Impact ◽

Child Age

Ratification of Law Number 16 of 2019 which regulates increasing the minimum age of a person to get married is an attempt to prevent child marriage. Because child marriage is a violation of children’s right. However child marriage still often happen in Indonesia and still many parents who apply marriage dispensation with an urgent reason. But in the practice, there is no specific regulation about this marriage dispensation there is no equality in adjudicating dispensation of marriage. This article use normative judicial research metodhs and use statute approach. The purpose of this research is to find answers about how the impact of child marriage on children’s right and analyze about judge’s consideration in adjudicating child marriage dispensation after there is Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019. Based on the results of this research were found that child marriage make children difficult to get their rights. Because they have new responsibility to take care of their marriage life. Eventhough there was a regulation that regulate about child’s right but it’s implementation not maximal yet, especially for who married in the child age. Then now regulation about marriage dispensation has been specially regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 about guidelines for adjudicating applications for marriage dispensation that can used for every judge in the court which prioritize the best interests of child principle.

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Masalah Kesehatan Ibu Dan Anak Pada Pernikahan Usia Dini Di Beberapa Etnis Indonesia; Dampak Dan Pencegahannya

Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/hsr.v23i4.3672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 275-283

Author(s):

Herti Windya Puspasari ◽

Indah Pawitaningtyas

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Maternal And Child Health ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Early Age ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Reliable Source ◽

The Impact ◽

And Child Health

The negative impact of early age marriage in Indonesia is the risk maternal and infant mortality by 30%, as many as 56% of adolescent girls experienced domestic violence, only 5.6% of adolescents with early marriage still continue schooling after marriage. This article arrange by further analysis and literature review of the ethnographic research book series on the Center for Research and Development in Humanities and Management Health, NIHRD. This article aim to determine the impact of early marriage on the maternal and child health in several ethnic groups in Indonesia and about the prevention. Cases of early marriage still occur in many ethnic groups in Indonesia and contribute to mortality and morbidity for mothers and children. The impact of early marriage on maternal and child health includes miscarriage, premature, bleeding and maternal death. They must get a education health about repoduction health from reliable source. It is necessary for the government’s role to provide education about reproductive health and positive activities to avoid early age marriage. Especially in districs that have high rates of early age marriage. Abstrak Dampak negatif dari pernikahan dini di Indonesia adalah risiko kematian ibu dan bayi sebesar 30 %, 56% remaja perempuan mengalami Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, dan hanya 5,6% remaja dengan pernikahan dini yang masih melanjutkan sekolah setelah kawin. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pernikahan usia dini terhadap kesehatan ibu dan anak di beberapa etnis di Indonesia serta pencegahannya. Artikel dibuat berdasarkan analisis lanjut dan kajian literatur dari buku seri riset etnografi Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan, Badan Litbang Kesehatan. Kasus pernikahan dini masih banyak terjadi di berbagai etnis di Indonesia dan menyumbang angka kematian dan kesakitan bagi Ibu dan Anak. Dampak pernikahan dini terhadap kesehatan ibu dan anak antara lain, terjadinya keguguran, kelahiran premature, perdarahan hingga kematian ibu. Sebaiknya remaja memiliki pengetahuan mengenai pentingnya kesehatan reproduksi dan mendapatkan pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi yang benar dan layak dari sumber yang terpercaya. Perlu peran pemerintah untuk memberikan edukasi tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang positif untuk menghindari pernikahan dini. Edukaski tersebut khususnya untuk masyarakat di daerah yang memiliki angka pernikahan dini yang cukup tinggi.

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Impact of Government Policy on Women Empowerment: Evidence from the Poverty Alleviation Fund, Nepal

NUTA Journal ◽

10.3126/nutaj.v7i1-2.39937 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1-2) ◽

pp. 90-99

Author(s):

Susmita Gautam

Keyword(s):

Government Policy ◽

Community Organizations ◽

Gender Disparity ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Legal Rights ◽

Women Empowerment ◽

Access To Education ◽

The Family ◽

Policies And Programs ◽

The Impact

Traditionally, most of the women in developing countries like Nepal have had to face different forms of inequality and discrimination such as limited access to education, deprivation from property rights and forced early marriage mainly due to the patriarchal structure of society. As a result, gender disparity, forced marriage and violence against them, women have a lower societal status and lower level of education, few accesses to employment and legal rights compared to male. Government policies and programs helps to improve all the aspects of women empowerment. The main objective is to study the impact of government policy based programme for women empowerment. The study demonstrates the role, responsibility, opportunity, and decision-making issues of women. Taking reference of PAF model for women empowerment members of community organizations (CO) involved were selected as a sample. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed. The PAF model takes community demand driven approach and supports the formation of representative community organizations of the poor and helps them identify their own development priorities, needs and solutions. The findings revealed that the women are in the process of their empowerment. They need position help and support from the family, society, and country as well. For this, country should develop gender friendly policies and programs.

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Health consequences of child marriage in high burden countries : a systematic review

International Journal of Health Science and Technology ◽

10.31101/ijhst.v1i1.943 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Ayuning Aulia ◽

Mieke Savitri

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Early Stage ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Child Marriage ◽

Health Consequences ◽

Excessive Bleeding ◽

High Burden ◽

Keywords Child ◽

Search Facility ◽

The Impact

Child marriage, defined as a formal marriage or informal union before age 18. Worldwide, over 650 million women live today married as children. An estimated 12 million girls under 18 married each year. The purpose of this study is to know health consequences of child marriage. A systematic review by using the search facility database online through PubMed and EBSCO. Journal were screen by using search engine with 5 keywords “child marriage” OR “early marriage” AND “impact” AND “health” then screened based on specific publication from 2013 to 2018, use english, full text, and selecting journals based title and abstract. Found 3822 journals at early stage and at the end 5 articles were included in review. Child marriage significantly increases the likelihood of stillbirth/miscarriage, late child development or stunting, mental health is worse, excessive bleeding, and many women in the ‘thin’/malnutrition category were married before 18 years. There are many health consequences of health marriage. Prevent the occurrence of child marriage, should the child be given education about reproductive health especially, related to the impact of child marriage.

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UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN REMAJA DALAM PENDEWASAAN USIA PERKAWINAN DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19

SELAPARANG Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan ◽

10.31764/jpmb.v5i1.6560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 919

Author(s):

Linda Meliati ◽

Lina Sundayani

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Public Understanding ◽

High Rate ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Marriage Age ◽

Lecture Method ◽

Adolescent Attitudes ◽

The Impact

ABSTRAKFaktor penyebab tingginya angka pernikahan usia dini adalah rendahya pengetahuan dan pemahaman remaja, dampak pernikahan usia dini dan kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Pemahaman masyarakat tentang dampak yang akan ditimbulkan, faktor kemiskinan, faktor pendidikan, kultur sosial dan budaya serta adanya pengaruh media dan lingkungan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan sikap dan perilaku remaja. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan informasi dan edukasi kepada remaja tentang Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan (PUP) dalam merencanakan keluarga, aspek yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan berkeluarga, kesiapan fisik, mental, emosional, pendidikan, sosial, ekonomi, menentukan jumlah dan jarak kelahiran di masa Covid-19. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Lingkungan Tegal Sejahtera Kelurahan Selagalas Kecamatan Sandubaya. Metode kegiatan dengan metode ceramah dan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Penilaian dari pengabdian masyarakat ini dari hasil jawaban remaja dalam mengisi kuesioner pretest dan postest. Metode analisis yang digunakan dengan analisis deskriptif. Penilaian dari kuesioner pengetahuan dan sikap remaja adalah sebagian besar remaja berpengetahuan baik dan mempunyai sikap positif, namun ada 1 orang remaja yang mempunyai niat untuk melakukan pernikahan dini, ini disebabkan karena belum pernah mendapatkan informasi tentang Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan. Setelah diberikan penyuluhan tentang Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan, ada peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap pada remaja tersebut. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja serta mempunyai sikap positif dalam Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan. Kata kunci : covid-19; pengetahuan; perkawinan; remaja ABSTRACTFactors causing the high rate of early marriage are the low knowledge and understanding of adolescents, the impact of early marriage and adolescent reproductive health. Public understanding of the impact that will be caused, poverty factors, educational factors, social and cultural culture as well as the influence of the media and the environment cause changes in adolescent attitudes and behavior. The purpose of this community service is to provide information and education to teenagers about Maturation of Marriage Age (PUP) in family planning, aspects related to family life, physical, mental, emotional, educational, social, economic readiness, determining the number and spacing of births during the Covid period. -19. This activity was carried out in the Tegal Sejahtera Environment, Selagalas Village, Sandubaya District. The activity method is the lecture method and provides health education. The assessment of this community service is based on the results of the adolescents' answers in filling out the pretest and posttest questionnaires. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis. The assessment of the adolescent knowledge and attitude questionnaire is that most of the adolescents have good knowledge and have a positive attitude, but there is one teenager who has the intention to have an early marriage, this is because they have never received information about Marriage Age Maturity. After being given counseling about the Maturation of Marriage Age, there was an increase in the knowledge and attitudes of these teenagers. This activity succeeded in increasing the knowledge of adolescents and having a positive attitude in Maturing Marriage Age. Keywords: covid-19; knowledge; marriage; teens

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The impact of girl child marriage on the completion of the first cycle of secondary education in Zimbabwe: A propensity score analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0252413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0252413

Author(s):

Annah V. Bengesai ◽

Lateef B. Amusa ◽

Felix Makonye

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Propensity Score Analysis ◽

Large Body ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Child Marriage ◽

Girl Child ◽

First Marriage ◽

Age At First Marriage ◽

The Impact

Background The association between girl child marriage and education is widely acknowledged; however, there is no large body of demographic studies from Zimbabwe that have addressed this aspect. This study aimed to examine the extent to which child marriage affects one academic milestone, i.e. completion of the Ordinary Level, the first cycle of high school, which is also the most critical indicator of educational achievement in Zimbabwe. Methods We used the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey and extracted 2380 cases of ever-married women aged between 20–29 years. We applied a propensity score-based method, which allowed us to mimic a hypothetical experiment and estimate outcomes between treated and untreated subjects. Results Our results suggest that child age at first marriage is concentrated between the ages of 15–22, with the typical age at first marriage being 18 years. Both logistic regression and PSM models revealed that early marriage decreased the chances of completing the first cycle of high school. Regression adjustment produced an estimate of prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.446 (95% CI: 0.374–0.532), while PSM resulted in an estimate (PR = 0.381; 95% CI: 0.298–0.488). Conclusion These results have implications for Zimbabwe’s development policy and suggest that girl-child marriage is a significant barrier to educational attainment. If not addressed, the country will most likely fail to meet sustainable development Goal 4.2 and 5.3. Social change interventions that target adults and counter beliefs about adolescent sexuality and prepubescent marriage should be put in place. Moreover, interventions that keep teenage girls in school beyond the first cycle of high school should be prioritised.

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MEASURING THE IMPACT OF CHILD MARRIAGE ON TOTAL FERTILITY: A STUDY FOR FIFTEEN COUNTRIES

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932017000542 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 626-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adenike Onagoruwa ◽

Quentin Wodon

Keyword(s):

Health Surveys ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Child Marriage ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Development Outcomes ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Number Of Births

SummaryChild marriage has significant negative impacts, not only for girls, but also for a range of development outcomes. This study aimed to assess, in a more detailed way than done so far, the magnitude of the relationship between child marriage and total fertility in multiple countries representing diverse settings. Data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys in the fifteen countries of interest were used. Analysis was restricted to a subsample of women aged 35–49 years in order to capture completed fertility. Poisson regression was conducted to estimate the impact of each additional year of early marriage on the total number of births women have, controlling for selected sociodemographic characteristics. Counterfactual analyses were carried out to estimate the reduction in the number of children that women would have over their lifetime in the absence of child marriage. Controlling for socioeconomic and other characteristics, girls who marry as children have more children over their lifetime than women marrying after the age of 18. Nationally, across fifteen countries, the reduction in total fertility from ending child marriage ranges from 0.24 to 1.06 children per woman. The simulated change in total fertility that would result from ending child marriage tends to be higher in countries that have a higher incidence of child marriage.

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PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN PERKAWINAN ANAK BAGI REMAJA DAN KARANG TARUNA KELURAHAN LIMO KOTA DEPOK

Prosiding SENAPENMAS ◽

10.24912/psenapenmas.v0i0.14981 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Kayus Kayowuan Lewoleba ◽

Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽

Satino Satino ◽

Liva Wadillah

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Sex Education ◽

Foreign Relations ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Child Marriage ◽

The World ◽

Role Of Parents ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact ◽

Selection Of

The problem of early marriage or child marriage is not a new problem in Indonesia and for countries in the world. Underage marriage is considered a serious problem because it raises controversy in society, not only in Indonesia but also a global issue. According to the Council of Foreign Relations, Indonesia is one of the ten countries in the world with the highest absolute number of child marriages and the second highest in ASEAN after Cambodia. It is estimated that one in five girls in Indonesia are married before they reach 18 years of age. In 2018 in Indonesia, 1 in 9 girls aged 20-24 were married before the age of 18, commonly known as child marriage. Child age should be a period for physical, emotional and social development before entering adulthood. The practice of child marriage is related to the fact that child marriage violates children's human rights, limiting their choices and opportunities. Every child has the right to survive, grow and develop as well as the right to protection from violence and discrimination as mandated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The selection of the Limo Village area as a partner area is due to the physical condition of the Limo area which is adjacent to UPNVJ, but more than that the selection of this location is because as a real contribution, the campus cares for the problems that occur in the community. The method of activity in this community service is carried out online because it coincides with the implementation of the Covid-19 Emergency PPKM, in the form of counseling on the topic "Prevention and Prevention of Child Marriage for Youth and Youth Organizations". The results of this community service activity, the participants became open to understanding and insight into the impact of early marriage, the role of parents to supervise adolescent children, especially in association so that children avoid promiscuity which results in pregnancy outside marriage. The importance of providing access in the form of convenience for children, especially girls, to gain knowledge about reproductive health and sex education so that children have the ability to take care of themselves. Other factors such as socio-cultural aspects, customs and religion contribute to the widespread practice of child marriage in certain areas.Masalah perkawinan usia dini atau perkawinan usia anak bukan merupakan masalah yang baru di Indonesia dan bagi negara-negara di dunia. Perkawinan di bawah umur dinilai menjadi masalah serius karena memunculkan kontroversi di masyarakat, tidak hanya di Indonesia namun juga menjadi isu global. Menurut Council of Foreign Relations, Indonesia merupakan salah satu dari sepuluh negara di dunia dengan angka absolut tertinggi perkawinan anak dan tertinggi kedua di ASEAN setelah Kamboja. Diperkirakan satu dari lima anak perempuan di Indonesia menikah sebelum mereka mencapai 18 tahun.Pada tahun 2018 di Indonesia, 1 dari 9 anak perempuan berusia 20-24 tahun menikah sebelum usia 18 tahun, lazim disebut perkawinan anak. Seharusnya usia anak merupakan masa bagi perkembangan fisik, emosional dan sosial sebelum memasuki masa dewasa. Praktik perkawinan anak berkaitan dengan fakta bahwa perkawinan anak melanggar hak asasi anak, membatasi pilihan serta peluang mereka. Setiap anak berhak atas kelangsungan hidup, tumbuh dan berkembang serta berhak atas perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Pemilihan wilayah Kelurahan Limo sebagai wilayah mitra karena kondisi wilayah Limo yang berdekatan dengan UPNVJ secara fisik, namun lebih dari itu pemilihan lokasi ini karena sebagai kontribusi nyata, kepedulian kampus terhadap masalah-masalah yang terjadi di masyarakat . Adapun metode kegiatan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dilakukan secara daring karena bertepatan dengan pemberlakuan PPKM Darurat Covid-19, berupa penyuluhan dengan topik “Penaggulangan dan Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak Bagi Remaja dan Karang Taruna “ . Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini para peserta menjadi terbuka pemahaman dan wawasannya akan dampak dari pernikahan dini, peran dari orang tua untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap anak-anak remaja terutama dalam pergaulan agar anak-anak terhindar dari pergaulan bebas yang mengakibatkan trejadinya kehamilan diluar nikah. Pentingnya memberikan akses berupa kemudahan kepada anak-anak terutama anak perempuan untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan pendidikan seks agar anak-anak mempunyai kemmapuan menjaga diri. Faktor lain seperti aspek sosial budaya, adat istiadat dan agama memberi kontribusi terhadap maraknya praktek pernikahan usia anak pada beberapa wilayah tertentu.

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Marrying Young: Limiting the Impact of a Crisis on the High Prevalence of Child Marriages in Niger

Laws ◽

10.3390/laws10030061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Tameshnie Deane

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Child Marriage ◽

Gender Analysis ◽

African Region ◽

The West ◽

Girl Child ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

Child marriage is a harmful and discriminatory global practice, robbing millions of girls of their childhood. Global attention and momentum to end early marriage has increased over the years; however, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected this progress. It has been predicted that over the next decade up to 10–13 million more girls will be at risk of child marriage because of the pandemic. Since Niger has consistently had the highest rate of child marriage in the world, this study will explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child marriages within the west and African region but specifically within Niger. This article will look at past response efforts to other pandemics, specifically Ebola, and show how the girl-child remains disproportionately disadvantaged, especially during pandemics. The article will conclude with recommendations on the importance of incorporating a gender analysis into preparedness and response efforts to eliminate child marriages.

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