scholarly journals A Brief Study of Nephrotoxicity and Nephroprotective Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamna . ◽  
Jasteena Jose ◽  
Shijikumar . ◽  
Riyaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Test Evaluation ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Renal Tubular Cells ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Renal Tubular

A kidney is particularly prone to the action of nephrotoxins because it receives 25% of the cardiac output. The presence of the metabolic processes in the renal tubular cells, nephrotoxins can release toxic components and induce damage. Nephrotoxicity can be diagnosed through a simple blood test. Evaluation of nephrotoxicity through blood tests includes the measurements of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the concentration of serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance. The majority of cases of renal disease remain unnoticed unless they progress to advance stages when conventional therapeutic interventions are usually not sufficient to cure them completely. In this review, the study attempted to identify biomarkers that are more sensitive than the established markers and that are more indicative of pre-renal damage. Research is also focused on identifying biomarkers that can indicate the nature of the mechanisms involved. Nephrotoxicity assays such as measurement of the concentration of serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) do not have the sensitivity and selectivity required to determine nephrotoxicity in an early stage. Recently identified biomarkers described in this review may provide useful information to diagnose nephrotoxicity earlier and more selectively.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective Effect of Ursolic Acid in a Murine Model of Gentamicin-Induced Renal Damage

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi G. Pai ◽  
Savindika Chamari Nawarathna ◽  
Avdhooth Kulkarni ◽  
Umma Habeeba ◽  
Sudarshan Reddy C. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

The present study evaluates the nephroprotective effects of ursolic acid in a murine model of gentamicin induced renal damage. Wistar albino rats of either sex, weighing 150–200 g were divided into 5 groups; normal saline, gentamicin 80 mg/kg, intraperitoneally for 8 days, ursolic acid at 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg, per oral for 8 days, ursolic acid administered 3 days prior and concurrently with gentamicin for 5 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen analyses and microscopic examination of kidney were performed. Gentamicin treatment caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in serum urea, serum uric acid, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (162.33 ± 9.92 mg/dL, 3.13 ± 0.12 mg/dL, 6.85 ± 0.35 mg/dL and 75.86 ± 4.64 mg/dL; resp.) when compared to the saline treated groups. Co-administration of ursolic acid with gentamicin decreased the rise in these parameters in a dose dependent manner. Histopathological analysis revealed epithelial loss with intense granular degeneration in gentamicin treated rats, whereas ursolic acid mitigated the severity of gentamicin-induced renal damage. To conclude, our data suggest that ursolic acid exhibits renoprotective effect in gentamicin induced renal damage and further studies on its mechanis of action are warranted.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Triptolide in Preventing Diabetic Kidney Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongning Liang ◽  
Hanwen Mai ◽  
Fangyi Ruan ◽  
Haiyan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Ras Inhibitors

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Triptolide (TP), the primary biologically active ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), possesses the potential to solve the shortcomings of TWHF in treating diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in the clinic.Aim of the Study: We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of TP in treating DKD and offer solid evidence for further clinical applications of TP.Materials and Methods: Eight databases (CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) were electronically searched for eligible studies until October 17, 2020. We selected animal experimental studies using TP versus renin–angiotensin system inhibitors or nonfunctional liquids to treat DKD by following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two researchers independently extracted data from the included studies and assessed the risk of bias with the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias tool. Fixed-effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression were conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Inplasy registration number: INPLASY2020100042.Results: Twenty-six studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that TP significantly reduced albuminuria (14 studies; standardized mean difference SMD: −1.44 [−1.65, −1.23], I2 = 87%), urine albumin/urine creatinine ratio (UACR) (8 studies; SMD: –5.03 [–5.74, −4.33], I2 = 84%), total proteinuria (4 studies; SMD: –3.12 [–3.75, −2.49], I2 = 0%), serum creatinine (18 studies; SMD: –0.30 [–0.49, −0.12], I2 = 76%), and blood urea nitrogen (12 studies; SMD: –0.40 [–0.60, −0.20], I2 value = 55%) in DKD animals, compared to the vehicle control. However, on comparing TP to the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors in DKD treatment, there was no marked difference in ameliorating albuminuria (3 studies; SMD: –0.35 [–0.72, 0.02], I2 = 41%), serum creatinine (3 studies; SMD: –0.07 [–0.62, 0.48], I2 = 10%), and blood urea nitrogen (2 studies; SMD: –0.35 [–0.97, 0.28], I2 = 0%). Of note, TP exhibited higher capacities in reducing UACR (2 studies; SMD: –0.66 [–1.31, −0.01], I2 = 0%) and total proteinuria (2 studies; SMD: –1.18 [–1.86, −2049], I2 = 0%). Meta-regression implicated that the efficacy of TP in reducing DKD albuminuria was associated with applied dosages. In addition, publication bias has not been detected on attenuating albuminuria between TP and RAS inhibitors after the diagnosis of DKD.Systematic Review Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier INPLASY2020100042

scholarly journals Chitosan Oligosaccharides Show Protective Effects in Coronary Heart Disease by Improving Antioxidant Capacity via the Increase in Intestinal Probiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiechao Jiang ◽  
Xiaohong Xing ◽  
Lirong Zhang ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Jixue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides

We explored the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. The component of COS was measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). CHD patients were evenly assigned into the COS group (COG) and the placebo group (CG). The duration of treatment was 6 months and therapeutic results were explored by measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) value, Lee scores, quality of life (QOL), blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine. The intestinal flora were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing. The circulating antioxidant levels and lipid profiles were compared between two groups. There were 7 different degrees of polymerization (DP4-10) in COS. Lee scores, QOL scores, and LVEF values in the COG group were higher than those in the CG group (P<0.05). COS treatment improved blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine when compared with controls (P<0.05). Circulating antioxidant levels were higher in the COG group than in the CG group. COS consumption increased the serum levels of SOD and GSH and reduced the levels of ALT and AST (P<0.05). Meanwhile, lipid profiles were improved in the COG group. COS consumption increased the abundance of Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, and Escherichia and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides, Megasphaera, Roseburia, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium (P<0.05). On the other hand, COS consumption increased the probiotic species Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium. The increased species have been reported to be associated with antioxidant properties or lipid improvement. COS had similar effects with chitohexaose on the growth rate of these species. Therefore, COS ameliorate the symptoms of CHD patients by improving antioxidant capacities and lipid profiles via the increase of probiotics in the intestinal flora.

scholarly journals Fibrinogen β–derived Bβ15-42 peptide protects against kidney ischemia/ reperfusion injury

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Amrendra Kumar Ajay ◽  
Dana Hoffmann ◽  
Tae-Min Kim ◽  
Victoria Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Renal Tubular Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Injury And Repair

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the kidney is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans and is associated with significantly high mortality. To identify genes that modulate kidney injury and repair, we conducted genome-wide expression analysis in the rat kidneys after I/R and found that the mRNA levels of fibrinogen (Fg)α, Fgβ, and Fgγ chains significantly increase in the kidney and remain elevated throughout the regeneration process. Cellular characterization of Fgα and Fgγ chain immunoreactive proteins shows a predominant expression in renal tubular cells and the localization of immunoreactive Fgβ chain protein is primarily in the renal interstitium in healthy and regenerating kidney. We also show that urinary excretion of Fg is massively increased after kidney damage and is capable of distinguishing human patients with acute or chronic kidney injury (n = 25) from healthy volunteers (n = 25) with high sensitivity and specificity (area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.98). Furthermore, we demonstrate that Fgβ-derived Bβ15-42 peptide administration protects mice from I/R-induced kidney injury by aiding in epithelial cell proliferation and tissue repair. Given that kidney regeneration is a major determinant of outcome for patients with kidney damage, these results provide new opportunities for the use of Fg in diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutic interventions in kidney disease.

scholarly journals Serum Creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAK Akanda ◽  
KN Choudhury ◽  
MZ Ali ◽  
MK Kabir ◽  
LN Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Gensini Score ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Few studies have assessed the relation of Serum creatinine and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study investigated the association between high uric acid BUN levels with the presence of Coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as an observational cohort study. The study was composed of 170 patients admitted at our institution due to symptoms related to CAD. Patients having angiographic evidence of stenosis in coronary artery were as case group and without stenosis control group. Patients with high serum creatinine were defined as serum creatinine concentration with in 80-105 ?mol/L and BUN level with in 10-20 ?mol/L. The presence of CAD has been defined as the Gensini score being >1. Results: Patients with or without CAD were similar in terms of age (45.22±6.80 years vs. 52.87±9.31 years, p<0.01) and significant age difference was found between patients. Male gender (p<0.001) and smoking habit (p=0.003) were more frequent and statistically significant in patients with CAD. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean serum creatinine levels (92.89±20.82 ?mol/L vs 108.68±23.62 ?mol/L respectively, p<0.05) and serum blood urea nitrogen level (10.59±6.15 ?mol/L vs. 20.37±6.73 ?mol/L respectively, p<0.01) of patients with or without CAD. While looking at the correlation coefficient of Gensini score with different factors; S. creatinine, ejection fraction and BUN were significantly correlated at<0.001 and <0.04 and <0.01 level respectively. Increased serum creatinine levels were found to be independent risk factors for the presence of CAD (for serum cretinine hazard ration 3.9, p<0.001 and in case BUN hazard ration 2.08, p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, a significant association has been found between serum creatinine & BUN level and the presence of CAD. In addition to the evaluation of conventional risk factors in daily clinical practice, the measurement of serum creatinine and BUN level might provide significant prognostic benefits in terms of global cardiovascular risk and management of the patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v5i2.14282 Cardiovasc. j. 2013; 5(2): 141-145

Reduced hydration status characterized by disproportionate elevation of blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine among the patients with cerebral infarction

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsu Akimoto ◽  
Chiharu Ito ◽  
Maki Kato ◽  
Manabu Ogura ◽  
Shigeaki Muto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

scholarly journals Protective role of Nigella sativa oil on renal damage induced by acetaminophen in male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Zena M. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

     Acetaminophen also called paracetamol is commonly used as analgesic and antipyretic agent which in high doses causes liver and kidney damage in man and animals. Nigella sativa oil have antioxidant properties. Thirty adult male rats were used and randomly divided into three equal groups. Group (A) untreated and served as control group; Group (B) rats were orally intubated (by gavages needle) acetaminophen suspension (150mg/kg B.W). Group (C) rats were given orally acetaminophen suspension (150mg/kg) plus 1ml/kg B.W of Nigella sativa oil for 42 days in both treated group. Fasting blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 days of experiment to study the following parameters:  Serum creatinine concentration and blood urea nitrogen concentration. The results revealed a significant increase of acetaminophen group in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations as compression with GA. Animals treated with Nigella sativa oil plus acetaminophen (C) showed a significant decline in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. In conclusion, the acetaminophen was effective in induction of oxidative stress and change in some biological markers related to kidney disease. Also it seems that Nigella sativa oil exerts protective actions against the damaging effect of acetaminophen

scholarly journals THE NEPHROTOXICITY OF CONCURRENT USE OF ENALAPRIL AND GENTAMICIN IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Imad M Al-ani ◽  
Khaleed R Algantri ◽  
Emad M Nafie ◽  
Sinan Mohammed Abdullah Al-mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Objective: The present study was aimed to assess the concurrent administration of Enalapril (ENAL) and Gentamicin (GM) in the kidney of rats.Methods: Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 main groups (n=15) according to the administered dose. Each main group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to the day of sacrificing (n=5). Group (C) was administered daily with normal saline as control, Group (E) was treated with oral ENAL (2 mg/kg/day), Group (G) was treated with GM (75 mg/kg/day), and Group (EG) was treated ENAL (2 mg/kg/day) and GM (75 mg/kg/day). The handling of the experiment persisted daily for 15 days, and the investigational examination carried out on days 5, 10, and 15.Results: The result showed that GM nephrotoxicity augmented with the period of the experimental study, there was rising in the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen on the 10th day and persisted in rising significantly during the period on the 15th day of the experiment. Administration of ENAL showed no significant alteration from those of controls. While the concurrent administration of ENAL and GM showed that ENAL gradually increased GM nephrotoxicity, these physiological retrogressions were accompanied with intensive renal histopathological deteriorations.Conclusion: The present study has revealed that the concurrent administration of ENAL enormously aggravated the functional and histological nephrotoxicity of GM in rats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document