ETIKA INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI DALAM BISNIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masruchin Masruchin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Business World ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Human Economic Activity

Business is a business activity wich is conducted by individuals and organizations for produce and sell goods or services in order to get profit to fulfill basic needs of society. In business by individuals and organizations nowadays are also influenced by moral values so that resulting different economic behavior or especially who applying the moral principles in business. The emergence of the discourse of business ethics thought was encouraged by business reality who ignore moral or moral values. From some parts, business is human economic activity that looking for profit only. Therefore, anything methods may be used to achieve that goal. The moral aspect of business competition, is considered an obstacle to success. In other side, business activity intended to seek the biggest profit, while the moral principles “limiting” business activity. Competition in the business world is capital strength competiton. Businessmen with big capital try to enlarge the reach of his business, so that small businessmen (small financier) are getting dragged. Similarly collusion practice, corruption, and nepotism (KKN) have played an important role in theat process. A prolonged monetary crisis in Indonesia, in fact can’t be released from the process of such economic activity, namely the depletion of moral values in its activitiess. Contrast with first group, the second group argues that business can be united with ethics. These circles reasoned that ethics are rational reasons for all human actions in all aspects of life, business aspects are no exception. The thinking of business ethic in islam ccurrently surfacing, on the grounds that Islam is a perfect religion. It’s a collection of rules of doctrine and values wwhich can deliver humans in their life toward the goal of happiness in life both in the world and the hereafter. Islam is a religion that provide a integrated way of life on the rules of social, cultural, economic, civil and political aspects. It’s also a system for all aspects of life, including the spiritual system as well as the system of economic behavior. Keywords: individual ethic, organization ethic, business.

scholarly journals Theories of Economic Fluctuations and their Influence on the Formation of the Modern Paradigm of Economic Activity of Enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
N. Kashchena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Management System ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Fluctuations ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the influence of the theory of economic fluctuations on the economic activity of enterprises. The influence of economic fluctuations at the macrolevel of the economy on economic activity at the microlevel of business entities is noted. A systematic approach to determining the economic activity of the enterprise as a phenomenon with a complex internal structure is analyzed in detail. Peculiarities of determining the effect of systematization in the interaction of components of business activity of the enterprise are analyzed: economic, managerial, financial, innovative, investment, marketing, labor, production. Attention is focused on the main goal in the management of the business activity of the enterprise as the formation of all types of activity at the exit from the system – it can be achieved by purposefully ensuring the activity of the enterprise both at the entrance to the system and in the process of transformation. The phases of formation of economic activity of the enterprise according to the theory of economic fluctuations are separated: formation; growth; maximum value; reduction. It is proved that at each phase of the business cycle the economic behavior of the enterprise changes. The urgency of measures to assess economic activity in the system of assessing the overall business activity of economic entities has been stated. The internal and external factors influencing the change of economic activity of the enterprise are defined. The importance of assessing the activity of the enterprise in the management system of economic activity as a system of "entrance-exit" of the relevant indicators is considered. The formation of control and managed subsystems in the mechanism of management of economic activity of enterprises in market conditions is analyzed. The main result of the study is the development of a management system of economic activity as a component of business activity of enterprises. Effective recommendations to ensure a high level of economic activity of enterprises in an unstable market environment are provided.

scholarly journals MONOPOLI RENT SEEKING DAN DUMPING POLICY DALAM ETIKA BISNIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NIHAYATUL MASYKUROH
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Doing Business

Abstract. Monopoly on Rent-Seeking and Dumping Policy in Business Ethics (Study on Muslim Economists’ Opinion). Monopoly on rent-seeking and dumping policy occurs because people leave the moral values in their business. Some people argue that business is purposive to gain the profit. Islam does not prohibit a person from doing business activity, either in the condition there is one seller (monopoly) or there are other sellers. In addition, Islam also does not prohibit a person stocking of goods for inventory purposes. The prohibition of monopoly on Rent-Seeking and dumping policy that caused of tyrannize, maltreat others, and include businesses that are not in accordance with ethics. An economic activity can be regarded as ikhtikar if it meets two conditions; first, the hoarding object is the goods of the community's needs; second; the purpose of stockpiling is to achieve profit above the normal profit.Abstrak. Monopoli Rent-Seeking dan Dumping Policy Dalam Etika Bisnis (Studi Pendapat Para Ekonom Muslim). Monopoli rent-seeking dan dumping policy terjadi didorong oleh realitas bisnis yang mengabaikan nilai-nilai moralitas. Bagi sementara pihak, bisnis adalah aktifitas ekonomi manusia yang bertujuan mencari laba semata-mata. Islam tidak melarang seseorang melakukan aktivitas bisnis, baik dalam kondisi dia merupakan satu-satunya penjual (monopoli) maupun ada penjual lain dan Islam juga tidak melarang seseorang menyimpan stok barang untuk keperluan persediaan. Aktifitas monopoli Rent-Seeking dan dumping policy merupakan suatu aktifitas ekonomi dalam bidang bisnis yang kegiatannya dilarang, karena dapat mendzalimi dan memudharatkan orang lain dan temasuk kepada bisnis yang tidak sesuai dengan etika bisnis. Akan tetapi  sebuah aktifitas ekonomi baru dapat dikatakan sebagai ikhtikar jika memenuhi setidaknya dua syarat; pertama, objek penimbunan merupakan barang-barang kebutuhan masyarakat, dan kedua; tujuan penimbunan adalah untuk meraih keuntungan diatas keuntungan normal.

Economic resource of ethnic identity in the conditions of current migration processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Maryna Anatol'evna Igosheva
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Ethnic Economy ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship

The object of this research is the problem of confrontation between the traditional forms of economic activity of ethnocultural communities and unifying effect of economic integration in the context of migration processes. The establishment of world economic system in the modern conditions of global transformation created an unprecedented level of interdependence of the economies of nation states and general rules of their functioning. At the same time, the traditional forms of economies that are greatly affected by ethnic factor also retain. The author explores such questions as definition of the concepts “ethnic economy” and “ethnic entrepreneurship” within the scientific discourse, the factors of emergence of these economic phenomena, proclivity of particular ethnoses for commercial activity and small business. Special attention is paid to the analysis of ethnic entrepreneurship as a form of economic activity of local communities in the foreign cultural space. It is demonstrated that being in a new social environment and attempting to adjust to it, the representatives of ethnic group occupy free zones in economic system of the country, or create own forms of economic activity related to cultural traditions of the ethnos. The acquires results allow to theoretically substantiate that ethnic identity has a strong economic potential, which manifests in the forms of ethnic economy, ethnic entrepreneurship, and stimulates the process economic adaptation of migrants in the accepting society. Affiliation to a particular ethnocultural community significantly influences economic behavior of the people; its specificity is defined by the set of historical, cultural, and economic and living conditions of the ethnos. Economic potential of ethnic identity is substantiated by a number of factors: historically established forms of organization of economic activity of the ethnos; preservation of economic structure due to localization of life of the traditional communities; reproduction of the tested model of economic behavior; specifics of economic culture with the value orientations of a local ethnic community.

Sustainability Of Oaken Landscapes And Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Alisher Khodjimatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Human Economic Activity ◽  
The Stability

The article is based on the multifactorial nature of the stability and dynamics of landscapes, especially the strong influence of human economic activity on the stability and dynamics of oasis landscapes.

Rain or Shine Shield: Language and Ropes of Sadok Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyalda T. Bolivar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Materials Used

A sadok or salakot is a farmer’s cherished possession, protecting him from the sun or rain. The Sadok, persisting up to the present, has many uses. The study of Sadok making was pursued to highlight an important product, as a cultural tradition in the community as craft, art, and part of indigenous knowledge in central Antique in the Philippines. Despite that this valuable economic activity needs sustainability, it is given little importance if not neglected, and seems to be a dying economic activity. The qualitative study uses ethnophenomenological approaches to gather data using interviews and participant observation, which aims to describe the importance of Sadok making. It describes how the makers learned the language of Sadok making, especially terms related to materials and processes. The study revealed that the makers of Sadok learned the language from their ancestors. They have lived with them and interacted with them since they were young. Sadok making is a way of life and the people observe their parents work and assist in the work which allows them to learn Sadok making. They were exposed to this process through observations and hands-on activities or ‘on-the-job’ informal training. They were adept with the terms related to the materials and processes involved in the making of Sadok as they heard these terms from them. They learned the terms bamboo, rattan, tabun-ak (leaves used) and nito (those creeping vines) as materials used in Sadok making. The informants revealed that the processes involved in the making of Sadok are long and tedious, starting from the soaking, curing and drying of the bamboo, cleaning and cutting these bamboo into desired pieces, then with the intricacies in arranging the tabun-ak or the leaves, and the weaving part, until the leaves are arranged, up to the last phase of decorating the already made Sadok. In summary, socialization is one important factor in learning the language and a cultural practice such as Sadok making. It is an important aspect of indigenous knowledge that must be communicated to the young for it to become a sustainable economic activity, which could impact on the economy of the locality. Local government units should give attention to this indigenous livelihood. Studies that would help in the enhancement of the products can likewise be given emphasis.

Development of Composite Indicators of Cyclical Response in Business Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
L. A. Kitrar ◽  
T. M. Lipkind
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Composite Indicators ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Current Output

The article proposes a new set of composite indicators-predictors in business tendency surveys, which allow identifying early information signals of a cyclical nature in the economic behavior of business agents. The main criterion for the efficiency of such indicators is their sensitivity to a cyclical pattern and changes in the dynamics of statistical referents. Property such as a statistically significant lead in time series or earlier publication allows them to be combined into indicators of early response. The composite Business Activity Indicator (BAI) in the basic sectors of the Russian economy is calculated by the authors for the first time based on the results of regular (monthly and quarterly) business surveys of Rosstat for 1998–2020 with a large-scale coverage of sampling units. In 2020, the number of survey respondents averaged about 20,000 organizations of all sizes. The index reflects the «common» profile in the dynamics of short-term fluctuations of the key parameters of the economic environment, which consists of the «balances of opinions» of respondents to the questions unified for all sectoral surveys and connected with the reference quantitative statistics with cross-correlation coefficients that are statistically significantly different from zero, with a lead at least one quarter. This is its main difference from the well-known indices of economic sentiment and entrepreneurial confidence. The main components of the BAI are the new composite indices of real demand, current output, real employment, total profits and economic situation. They aggregate the relevant «order» statistics for the basic sectors of the national economy, including the main kinds of industrial activities, retail trade, construction, and services.The article provides a methodological substantiation and an extended procedure for identifying the BAI components; their composition is formed for the entire set of retrospective results of business tendency monitoring in Russia. A new Aggregate Economic Vulnerability Indicator with a counterdirectional profile and varying degrees of symmetry of its dynamics relative to the short-term movement of the BAI is being introduced as the main limitation of business activity. Proactive monitoring of emerging vulnerabilities in the business environment is necessary to warn their large-scale accumulation, prevent the risks of economic downturns and ensure the highest possible macroeconomic stability. This integrated approach makes it possible to determine the novelty of the proposed measurements of short-term cyclical fluctuations in economic development.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the butterflies on various forms of land uses

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szyszko-Podgórska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Human Economic Activity ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract The purpose of the work was to identify the occurrence of butterflies depending on landform uses and human influence on the population domination structure. The research was conducted in the ‘Krzywda’ field-and-forest Site occupying 172 ha. The area consists of the land leaving in fallow, meadows and wasteland including about 68 ha of swamps that are strongly eutrophic due to human economic activity. The area is subjected to artificial succession inhibition processes in the form of mowing and cutting of trees and shrubs. 32 species of butterflies were recorded during the research, that is, 20% of all species within this group occurring in Poland. The research has approved the great spatial and quantitative diversification of the occurring area of butterflies depending on the form of the land uses. The greatest number of species and their greatest populations were found in the land laying in fallow without the removal of the biomass. The least number of species and their specimens were collected in the unmown laying fallow land. Lycaena virgaureae was the most numerous species collected. The correct domination structure characterized by a small number of numerous species and a large number of species consisting of a low number of specimens. Processes observed in the studied Site subjected to various types of land use influence the occurrence diversity of this group of insects.

scholarly journals The price of the lockdown: The effects of social distancing on the Indian economy and business during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Hasnan Baber ◽  
Rao Tripati
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

The decision on immediate lockdown in India put economic, social and religious activities to a grinding halt. The paper examines the impact of the lockdown and social distancing policies on economic activities in India, using a multivariate econometric model for the data collected in the period from 1st January to 31st August 2020. While the social distancing policy is captured in terms of internal movement, domestic travel and international travel restrictions, its effect on the economic activity and the business activity is captured through stock prices, purchasing managers' index and the exchange rate. Confirmed COVID-19 cases and related deaths are also used as the independent variables. The results reveal a significant negative impact of social distancing policies on the economic activity and the business activity, the stock market and the exchange rate. Furthermore, the economic stimulus provided by the Government could not bring a positive influence on the stock market.

scholarly journals DIGITAL MANAGEMENT PLATFORMS IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (29) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Leonid Sergeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Digital Management

The mechanism of organization and management of business activity in the conditions of digitalization of the corresponding production processes is generalized. The classification of network platforms is analyzed, the architecture of the system of building digital platforms and the logic of their use in the management of sectors of the national economy is proposed. The types and features of digital platforms, the level of Informatization of Russian enterprises are considered.

scholarly journals POSTCORONAVIRUS RESTORATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF MICRO-ENTERPRISES IN THE REGION'S HOSPITALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiy Tsviliy ◽  
Olga Korniienko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The article considers the theoretical principles and practical aspects of postcoronavirus recovery of business activity of domestic micro-companies in the hospitality region. The essential characteristics of the hospitality industry are determined on the basis of generalization of domestic and foreign experience. The modern realities of the hospitality sphere of the region are studied. A number of factors that have a negative impact on the microbusiness of the regional hospitality sector have been identified. The analysis of experience of functioning of microenterprises in the conditions of action of factors of pandemic COVID-19 is carried out. The structure of microbusiness of Zaporizhzhia region by types of economic activity is presented and its analysis for 2015-2019 is carried out. The grouping of micro-enterprises in terms of their integration into the sphere of hospitality of the region on the basis of their division by types of economic activity is made. The opinion of the owners of micro-enterprises with a high degree of integration into the hospitality sector of Zaporizhia region regarding the prospects of rapid recovery of business activity was studied and a fragment of the SWOT-analysis matrix was compiled based on the results of the questionnaire. Effective recommendations for the selection of a vector of postcoronavirus recovery of business activity of domestic micro-companies in the region, which provides for innovative development on the basis of a customer-oriented approach, have been developed. The substantial readiness of the microenterprise for postcoronavirus innovation is structured on the basis of mobilization of its potential according to the components of the profile of the internal environment: production, finance, marketing, personnel, management. It is concluded that the priority condition for ensuring the competitiveness of the regional hospitality sector in the postcoronavirus space is to take emergency measures to preserve the economic potential of micro-enterprises, development of their intellectual potential, entrepreneurial spirit and culture.

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