Optimal timing for post emergence applications of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize

Field trials were conducted over three growing seasons to ascertain optimal timing for post emergence application of nicosulfuron in maize when no preemergence herbicides were used Nicosulfuron (60 g/ha) was applied at 1 to 7 weeks after maize emergence Dry matter and leaf area of maize plants grass and broadleaf weeds were determined at the time of treatment Maize grain yields were used as the major determinant to assess the impact of different timings of postemergence weed control The early season (weeks 13) weed control achieved with nicosulfuron was excellent but subsequent germination of weeds occurred In weeks 47 the larger weeds took longer to brown off and die back Results showed that both the biomass and ground cover of weeds were important in determining the duration of the optimal application window When weeds remained uncontrolled and achieved 100 ground cover grain yields were significantly reduced This occurred at weeks 3 5 and 6 after emergence in the three trials

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Mesotrione a new herbicide for weed control in maize

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4403 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 242-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T.K. James ◽

A. Rahman ◽

J. Hicking

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Soil Type ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Trials ◽

Annual Grass ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Excellent Control

Six field trials were conducted over three growing seasons to evaluate both preand postemergence applications of the recently developed herbicide mesotrione for weed control in maize As a preemergence treatment it provided excellent control of broadleaf weeds (>99 reduction in dry matter) but was poor on grass weeds (ca 80 reduction) However its combination with atrazine smetolachlor or acetochlor provided gt;93 reduction in grass and broadleaf weed dry matter Applications of mesotrione postemergence were very effective on broadleaf weeds (>94) but less so on grass weeds (ca 85) although several adjuvant combinations improved the efficacy against annual grass weeds A number of herbicide combinations were demonstrated to be effective for postemergence weed control Mesotrione did not cause any apparent damage to maize crops in any trial and grain yields were not significantly different from the standard treatments Recommended rates for postemergence use of mesotrione will be 7296 g/ha depending on soil type

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Effects of white clover cultivars on biomass and yield in oat/clover intercrops

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859602002010 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 138 (3) ◽

pp. 261-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. D. THORSTED ◽

J. E. OLESEN ◽

N. KOEFOED

Keyword(s):

White Clover ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Cropping System ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Agronomic Management ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Grain Nitrogen ◽

The Impact

Intercropping of spring cereals in a permanent stand of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a novel, low input cropping system, and little is known about the agronomic management of this system. An experiment was conducted over two growing seasons in 1998 and 1999 to determine the impact of a white clover intercrop on spring oat (Avena sativa L.) growth and grain yield at three different seeding rates of oat, and also to determine the effect of the three different white clover cultivars (cv. Aran, cv. S184 and cv. Milo), on weed pressure and growth of the oat crop. The clover cultivars differed in stolon morphology and leaf size. Oat in monoculture was included for comparison. The white clover intercrops did not reduce the weed pressure compared with oat in monoculture. Oat grain nitrogen concentration and content was raised in the intercropped oats. Grain yields in an intercrop were similar to those in a monoculture. Oat seeding densities did not affect grain yields. The oat grain yields in 1998 were significantly higher with S184 as intercrop. In 1999 it was directly opposite, grain yields were significantly lower with S184 as intercrop.

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Differential responses of two cowpea (Virgina unguiculata L.Walp.) genotypes to pre-emergence herbicides in the savannah woodland and rainforest agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.1.0161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 343-355

Author(s):

Dan David. Quee ◽

Philip Jimia. Kamanda ◽

Musa Decius. Saffa ◽

Johnny Ernest. Norman

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Weed Control ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Variable Cost ◽

Control Techniques ◽

Net Returns ◽

Preemergence Herbicides ◽

Savannah Woodland

Field trials were conducted in savannah woodland (Njala) and rainforest (Serabu) agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone during 2016 second cropping season to assess different preemergence herbicides techniques that is efficient, cost effective and environmentally safe in cowpea production. The experiment consisted of 20 treatments which included 2 cowpea genotypes (slipea 4 and slipea 5) and 10 different weed control techniques viz: butachlor 50% emulsifiable concentrate (EC), double force®, power force® applied as preemergence herbicides at 2, 4 and 6 L ha-1, respectively and weedy check. The treatments were laid out in a strip-plot design arranged in a factorial system with three replications. The results of this study revealed that the application of power force® at 6 L ha-1 recorded the highest phytotoxic effect, lowest weed dry weight, number of pods per plant and grain yield, highest total variable cost, lowest gross and net returns. Furthermore, butachlor 50% EC at 2 L ha-1 closely followed by double force® at 6 L ha-1 resulted in maximum grain yield, gross and net returns compared to the rest of the other weed control techniques. Thus, it is concluded that butachlor 50% EC at 2 L ha-1 was more economical, profitable and beneficial than other control treatments in the production of cowpea genotypes in the savannah woodland and rainforest agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone. Conclusively, the relationship between phytotoxicity and grain yield indicates that the higher the grain yield the lower the phytotoxic effects of the chemicals.

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Agronomic and economic performance of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by seed bed configuration and weed control treatments

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2021-0030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 445-455

Author(s):

Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Field Trials ◽

Economic Returns ◽

Weed Density ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Cropping Seasons

Abstract Poor method of weed control and indiscriminate use of herbicides led to low yields, economic returns, and increasing environmental pollution in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. These prompted the conduct of field trials in the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to determine the effects of seed bed configuration and weed control treatments on the agronomic and economic performance of maize. The treatments consisted of flat and ridge seed beds and six weed control treatments. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split plot arrangement and replicated thrice. Results showed that seed bed configuration had significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on weed density, but not on maize grain yield. All the weed control treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced weed infestation and increased maize grain yields compared to the weedy check. Furthermore, Primextra at 1.5 kg active ingredient per hectare (kg a.i. ha−1) + One supplementary hoe weeding (SHW) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), Primextra + Paraforce at 1.5 + 0.7 kg a.i. ha−1, and Primextra + Guard force at 1.5 + 0.03 kg a.i. ha−1 applied on flat seed beds and two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS + ridge produced higher yields, profit, and economic returns. Therefore, the above reduced herbicide rates applied on flat seed beds are recommended to farmers as alternatives to two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS for profitable production of maize.

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Preemergence Herbicides for Potential Use in Potato Production

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-12-00023.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 731-739 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rick A. Boydston ◽

Joel Felix ◽

Kassim Al-Khatib

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Potato Production ◽

Field Trials ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Hairy Nightshade ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Preemergence Herbicides ◽

Potential Use

Field trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010 near Paterson, WA and Ontario, OR to evaluate weed control and potato tolerance to PRE-applied pyroxasulfone, saflufenacil, and KSU12800 herbicides. Pyroxasulfone at 0.09 to 0.15 kg ai ha−1and saflufenacil at 0.05 to 0.07 kg ai ha−1applied PRE alone or in tank mixes with several currently labeled herbicides did not injure potatoes at either site in both years. KSU12800 at 0.15 kg ai ha−1injured potatoes from 18 to 26% for a period of about 4 wk after emergence at Ontario both years. In addition, KSU12800 at 0.29 and 0.45 kg ha−1injured potatoes from 17 to 38% at 17 d after treatment (DAT) at Paterson in 2009. Pyroxasulfone at 0.15 kg ha−1controlled barnyardgrass, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed 96% or greater, but control of common lambsquarters was variable. Saflufenacil at 0.07 kg ha−1provided greater than 93% control of common lambsquarters, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed at both sites in 2010. KSU12800 at 0.15 kg ha−1controlled common lambsquarters, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed 99% or more at Ontario, but only 87 to 93% at Paterson in 2010. These herbicides did not reduce yield of U.S. no. 1 tubers or total tuber yields compared to standard labeled herbicide treatments when weed control was adequate.

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Weed Control in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with Soil-applied Herbicides Affected by a Prolonged and Limited rainfall

Poljoprivreda ◽

10.18047/poljo.27.2.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

Zvonko Pacanoski ◽

◽

Arben Mehmeti ◽

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Trials ◽

Early Spring ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Weed Species ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Solanum Nigrum L

The field trials were carried out in the Bitola and Titov Veles regions during two sunflower growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to estimate a weed control in sunflower with the soil‒applied herbicides, influenced by a prolonged and limited rainfall. Polygonum aviculare L., Solanum nigrum L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. were the most dominant weeds in both regions. The efficacy of PRE-em herbicides varied among the weed species, treatments, periods of efficacy estimation, regions, and years. The overall performances of the PRE-em herbicides were correlated with weather and soil conditions. The inconsistent weather patterns between the two years of the study likely influenced the weed control. All weeds in 2018 in the Bitola region were poorly controlled (<77% and <62%, 28 and 56 days after application, respectively) due to a higher amount of rainfall (57 mm) during the 10 days of the 1st decade after herbicide application. The herbicide efficacy has only produced a marginal control of weeds in 2019 in the Titov Veles region as well (<68% and <59%, 28 and 56 days after application, respectively), due to the drought conditions observed in this region in early spring and in mid-spring. A PREem application followed by a heavy rainfall resulted in a sunflower injury in the Bitola region in 2018, ranging from 9 to 28% across the PRE-em treatments seven days after emergence. The injuries by oxyfluorfen and dimethenamid-P were more serious (24 and 28%, respectively). The sunflower achene yields for each treatment in both regions generally reflected an overall weed control and crop injury.

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Performance of spring cereal genotypes under defoliation on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp14026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 301 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. A. Latta

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

South Australia ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

The Impact

In mixed cropping and livestock dryland farming systems in southern Australia, grazing of cereals during their vegetative growth stages (typically during winter) can provide a valuable contribution of high-quality feed during a period of low pasture growth. This paper reports results from a series of experiments investigating the impact of defoliation on the grain production of cereals in the Eyre Peninsula region of South Australia. The comparative dry matter production and grain yield of wheat, barley and oats cultivars, with and without defoliation, at a range of growth stages were measured in four experiments over three growing seasons, two of which were water-deficient. The barley varieties evaluated produced up to twice the dry matter of the wheat or oats cultivars to the time of defoliation. Mowing following stem elongation more than halved grain yield (1.9 to 0.9 t ha–1) relative to no defoliation in an early-maturing variety, but with less reduction in later maturing varieties. Defoliation before stem elongation in two seasons of very low growing-season rainfall (<100 mm) caused no or very little loss in grain yields, which were generally <1 t ha–1. A long-season winter wheat produced similar grain yields irrespective of defoliation and timing, but with no yield advantage over the defoliated spring cereals. The results suggest opportunities to incorporate the grazing of cereals to fill a winter feed-gap in the low-rainfall zone of southern Australia.

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Effect of Plant Population Density of Velvet Bean (MUCUNA COCHINCHINENSIS) for Weed Control at Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research ◽

10.33140/jahr.02.01.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Field Trials ◽

Velvet Bean ◽

Weed Density ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

The University ◽

And Control

Field trials were conducted in 2013 and 2014 raining season on a fallow field at the University of Agriculture Makurdi Teaching and Research Farm ((07 0 41’N, 08 0 37’E and 106.4 m above sea level) using Velvet bean (Mucuna cochinchinensis) to control weeds. Four Mucuna populations were used: 400 plants/ha, 800 plants/ha, 1600 plants/ha and 0.00 plants/ha (control). The experiment was set up in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Prominent weeds at the site were identified in the field in 2013. The four different Mucuna populations were screened for their effects on weed (density, composition), growth characteristics (ground cover, nodulation) and canopy duration. Out of the 4 Mucuna populations, 800 plants/ha had the highest effect on weed density, composition and control percentage, ground cover, canopy duration and nodulation. And 0.00 plants/ha had the lowest effect on weed density, weed composition, weed control percentage, ground cover, canopy duration and nodulation. From the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that farmers in Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna can adopt the planting of Mucuna at 800 plants/ha for weed control.

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Effect of soil incorporation and dose on control of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis)with the preemergence bioherbicidePhomopsis convolvulus

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500089724 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 690-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Vogelgsang ◽

A. K. Watson ◽

A. DiTommaso

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Field Trials ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Effective Control ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Field Bindweed

The preemergence efficacy of soil surface applications of aPhomopsis convolvulusgranular formulation to control field bindweed seedlings was compared with its efficacy when inoculum granules were incorporated in soil. In addition, the effect of different doses of soil-applied granules was also determined. Under controlled environment conditions, incorporation of the fungal granules resulted in aboveground biomass reductions between 88 and 96%, with no significant differences observed between incorporation depths of 1.5 and 3 cm. Granule applications on the soil surface were less effective, reducing aboveground biomass 40 to 83%. In a parallel field experiment conducted over two growing seasons, however, surface applications of inoculum granules resulted in greater weed control compared with soil incorporation of the granules. In spring and summer trials conducted in 1996, surface applications resulted in a 93 and 100% aboveground biomass reduction, respectively, whereas incorporated granules reduced biomass 62 and 97%. Similar trends were observed in 1997. Different soil-applied doses ofP. convolvulusdid not affect the level of weed control under both controlled environment and field conditions. In 1995 and 1996 field trials, all rates used (30, 20, and 10 g 0.25m−2plot) resulted in substantial (90 to 100%) field bindweed aboveground biomass reductions. Findings in this study indicate that under field conditions, preemergence applications of the bioherbicideP. convolvuluson the soil surface provide effective control of field bindweed.

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Urea Fertilizer Placement Impacts on Corn Growth and Nitrogen Utilization in a Poorly-Drained Claypan Soil

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n1p28 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frank E. Johnson II ◽

Kelly A. Nelson ◽

Peter P. Motavalli

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

Nitrification Inhibitor ◽

Field Trials ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Fertilizer Placement ◽

N Loss ◽

Urea Fertilizer ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Claypan Soil ◽

The Impact

Practices to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) include selecting appropriate N fertilizer sources and application methods, but minimal research has focused on these practices in poorly-drained claypan soils which are prone to N loss. This research assessed the impact of different urea fertilizer placement practices on corn (Zea mays L.) production and N utilization in a poorly-drained claypan soil. Field trials were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Missouri. Treatments consisted of pre-plant deep banding (20 cm) urea at 202 kg N ha-1 or urea plus a nitrification inhibitor (NI) (nitrapyrin) compared to pre-plant urea broadcast surface-applied or incorporated to a depth of 8 cm. In 2014, incorporating urea, deep banding urea, and deep banding urea plus NI had higher yields (> 10%) of corn compared to the control with grain yields ranging from 13.73 to 14.05 Mg ha-1. In 2015, grain yields were lower than in 2014, ranging from 4.1 to 7.9 Mg ha-1. Deep placing banded urea with a NI yielded an increase in grain yield up to 48% compared to the other treatments. Rainfall amounts were higher in 2015, which could have resulted in poorer root growth and greater N loss in deep banded treatments. In 2014, deep banding urea with a NI produced the highest NUE. Similar to NUE, silage tissue N concentrations in 2014 were greater with deep banded urea plus NI, while in 2015 silage tissue N concentrations were higher with surface applied urea. The results suggest that urea fertilizer incorporation including deep banding may improve corn grain production, N uptake, and NUE, but response was affected by climatic conditions. The addition of an NI may be an important safeguard when deep banding urea in years with excessive precipitation.

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