scholarly journals Analysis of Tribotechnical Properties and Comparative Evaluation of Polymeric Materials and Rubbers Used in Rolling Stock

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Kulikov ◽  
V. P. Biryukov ◽  
A. N. Prints
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Friction Zone ◽  
Tribological Tests ◽  
Friction Assemblies ◽  
Fixed Abrasive

Rubber materials are widely used in friction assemblies of railway rolling stock. Rubbers are used oil seals, other various seals, shock absorbers, corrugated hoses, sleeves, sealing rings, etc. During operation, rubbers are exposed to various mechanical influences that cause wear, cracks, abrasion, dents, burnthroughs, etc., which can lead to the failure of the entire unit and unforeseen unscheduled repairs of the rolling stock. Any failure on the route together with unplanned repairs incur heavy economic losses.Currently, the issue of wear of rubbers in rubber-steel tribopairs has not been sufficiently studied in case of supply of lubricant to the friction zone and of wear caused by a free and fixed abrasive. There is ongoing research on the possibility of replacing rubber products with other polymeric materials, which have shown significantly better results in tribological tests, both in terms of friction coefficients and in the wear mechanism. The data obtained will make it possible to choose the most optimal options for materials that can act as a replacement for standard rubber products in rolling stock friction assemblies.The paper presents the results of tribological tests of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polypropylene (PP2015) in comparison with rubber based on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). The tests were carried out according to two schemes: «plane (tested sample) – bushing» and «plane (tested sample) – generatrix of a rubber disk with supply of abrasive grain to the friction zone». The objective of the work is to determine the dependence of the change in friction coefficients on load and sliding speed, as well as the dependence of seizure pressures of tribo-pairs on speed, weight loss of samples after wear tests with a free and fixed abrasive, the morphology of wear surfaces, and wear mechanisms of polymer materials and rubbers.

scholarly journals Research of physically modified antifriction-wear-resistant composite polymer materials and coatings on their basis for machine-building purpose

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
S. S. Negmatov ◽  
N. S. Abed ◽  
K. S. Negmatova ◽  
T. S. Halimjonov ◽  
M. M. Sadikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Epoxy Compound ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Friction Zone ◽  
Tribotechnical Properties ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Building Purpose ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
Thermosetting Epoxy

The article presents the results of studies of the tribotechnical properties of composite thermosetting polymeric materials based on an epoxy compound and ultrasonicated oligomeric fillers operating under conditions of contact interaction with a pulp using the example of raw cotton. Regularities of changes in tribotechnical properties (coefficient of friction, intensity of wear) of composite thermosetting epoxy polymeric materials associated with their filling with organomineral fillers and ultrasonic treatment, in contact with raw cotton have been revealed. The temperature and the magnitude of the electrostatic charge arising in the friction zone of rubbing polymer- cotton and composite-cotton pairs on the type and content of organic-mineral fillers were studied.

Possibilities of using biodegradable polymeric materials in the agricultural sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Raisa A. Alekhina ◽  
Victoriya E. Slavkina ◽  
Yuliya A. Lopatina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The article presents options for recycling polymers. The use of biodegradable materials is promising. This is a special class of polymers that can decompose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions under the action of microorganisms or enzymes forming natural products such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, biomass, and inorganic salts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reviewing biodegradable materials that can be used for the manufacture of products used in agriculture. (Materials and methods) The study are based on open information sources containing information about biodegradable materials. Research methods are collecting, studying and comparative analysis of information. (Results and discussion) The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable materials, mechanical properties of the main groups of biodegradable polymers. The article provides a summary list of agricultural products that can be made from biodegradable polymer materials. It was found that products from the general group are widely used in agriculture. Authors have found that products from a special group can only be made from biodegradable polymers with a controlled decomposition period in the soil, their use contributes to increasing the productivity of crops. (Conclusions) It was found that biodegradable polymer materials, along with environmental safety, have mechanical properties that allow them producing products that do not carry significant loads during operation. We have shown that the creation of responsible products (machine parts) from biodegradable polymers requires an increase in their strength properties, which is achievable by creating composites based on them. It was found that the technological complexity of their manufacture and high cost are the limiting factors for the widespread use of biodegradable polymers at this stage.

scholarly journals Compatibility Studies on Elastomers and Polymers with Ethanol Blended Gasoline

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Dhaliwal ◽  
M. S. Negi ◽  
G. S. Kapur ◽  
Shashi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Reference Specimens

This paper reports the compatibility studies of 10% ethanol blended gasoline (E10) with four types of elastomer materials, namely, Neoprene rubber, Nitrile rubber, hydrogenated Nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), and Polyvinyl chloride/Nitrile butadiene rubber blend (PVC/NBR), and two types of plastic materials, namely, Nylon-66 and Polyoxymethylene (Delrin). These materials have applications in automotives as engine seals, gaskets, fuel system seals and hoses, and so forth. Two types of the ethanol blended gasoline mixtures were used: (a) gasoline containing 5% ethanol (E5), which is commercial form of gasoline available in India, and (b) gasoline containing 10% ethanol (E10). The above materials were immersed in E5 and E10 for 500 hrs at 55°C. A set of eight different properties in E5 and E10 (visual inspection, weight change, volume change, tensile strength, percent elongation, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness) were measured after completion of 500 hrs and compared with reference specimens (specimens at 55°C without fuel and specimens at ambient conditions). Variation observed in different materials with respect to the above eight properties has been used to draw inference about the compatibility of these elastomeric/polymer materials with E10 fuel vis-à-vis E5 fuels. The data presented in this study is comparative in nature between the results of E10 and E5.

Light-Driven Integration of Graphitic Carbon Nitride into Polymer Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Cansu Esen ◽  
Baris Kumru
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Present Contribution

As a metal-free polymeric semiconductor with an absorption in the visible range, carbon nitride has numerous advantages for photo-based applications spanning hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, ion transport, organic synthesis and organic dye degradation. The combination of g-C3N4 and polymer networks grants mutual benefit for both platforms, as networks are upgraded with photoactivity or formed by photoinitiation, and g-C3N4 is integrated into novel applications. In the present contribution, some of the recently published projects regarding g-C3N4 and polymeric materials will be highlighted. In the first study, organodispersible g-C3N4 were incorporated into a highly commercialized porous resin called poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) through suspension photopolymerization, and performances of resulting beads were investigated as recyclable photocatalysts. In the other study, g-C3N4 nanosheets were embedded in porous hydrogel networks, and so-formed hydrogels with photoactivity were transformed either into a ‘hydrophobic hydrogel’ or pore-patched materials via secondary network introduction, where both processes were accomplished via visible light. Since g-C3N4 is an organic semiconductor exhibiting sufficient charge separation under visible light illumination, a novel method for the oxidative photopolymerization of EDOT was successfully accomplished. As a result of the absence of dissolved anions during polymerization, so-formed neutral PEDOT is a highly viscous liquid that can be processed and post-doped easily, and grants facile coating processes.

scholarly journals SOME EFFECTS OF THE SVM GENERATOR ON MELTS OF METALS AND POLYMER MATERIALS

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
V. F Panov ◽  
A. E Boyarshinov ◽  
A. V Klyuev ◽  
S. A Kurapov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Material Processing ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials

The paper presents the latest results of the effect of SVM generators on melts of metals and polymeric materials, as well as the effect on metals during heat treatment. Shown is a block diagram of an installation for SVM material processing. Made an attempt to theoretically substantiate the use of SVM generators in metallurgy based on relational physics, quantum theory, and real relativity.

scholarly journals The Reducing Approaches of Scattering Losses in Polymer Planar Optical Waveguides

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
T. Radzievskaya ◽  
N. Ivanov ◽  
S. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Scattering Losses ◽  
Planar Optical Waveguides

The article presents the development prospects of planar optical waveguides for high-speed data transmission systems optoelectronic buses by polymer materials. The advantages and disadvantages of using non-specialized polymeric materials for general use are revealed. The polymer planar optical waveguides fabrication technologies are proposed. The main losses types in planar optical waveguides, the reasons for their occurrence, as well as approaches to their reduction are determined. Using the example of PDMS polymer and soft lithography technology, the technological process critical stages of polymer planar optical waveguides production are noted, which contribute to an scattering losses increase. For each stage, algorithms are proposed to prevent an scattering losses increase. These algorithms were implemented in practice in the manufacture of layouts of polymer planar optical waveguides of the optical-electronic data transmission bus.

scholarly journals Recent Applications of Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy in Polymer Science: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen-Tri ◽  
Payman Ghassemi ◽  
Pascal Carriere ◽  
Sonil Nanda ◽  
Aymen Amine Assadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nanoscale Characterization

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used for the nanoscale characterization of polymeric materials. The coupling of AFM with infrared spectroscope (AFM-IR) provides another advantage to the chemical analyses and thus helps to shed light upon the study of polymers. This paper reviews some recent progress in the application of AFM and AFM-IR in polymer science. We describe the principle of AFM-IR and the recent improvements to enhance its resolution. We also discuss the latest progress in the use of AFM-IR as a super-resolution correlated scanned-probe infrared spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of polymer materials dealing with polymer composites, polymer blends, multilayers, and biopolymers. To highlight the advantages of AFM-IR, we report several results in studying the crystallization of both miscible and immiscible blends as well as polymer aging. Finally, we demonstrate how this novel technique can be used to determine phase separation, spherulitic structure, and crystallization mechanisms at nanoscales, which has never been achieved before. The review also discusses future trends in the use of AFM-IR in polymer materials, especially in polymer thin film investigation.

Functional fluorinated polymer materials and preliminary self-healing behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1993-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Banerjee ◽  
Bhausaheb V. Tawade ◽  
Bruno Améduri
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Fluorinated Polymer ◽  
Effective Use

Effective use of Diels–Alder chemistry led to the development of thermally amendable and self-healing polymeric materials based on a copolymer of cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ylmethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate (MAF-Furan) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl α-fluoroacrylate (FATRIFE).

Surface damage characterization of photodegraded low-density polyethylene by means of friction measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 805-812
Author(s):  
Toshio Igarashi ◽  
Soichiro Ohno ◽  
Sayaka Oda ◽  
Satoru Hirosawa ◽  
Yusuke Hiejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Brittle Transition ◽  
Friction Measurements

Abstract Friction measurements have been carried out to characterize surface damages during photodegradation of low-density polyethylene. The average and mean deviation of the friction coefficients increase with the irradiation time in the early stage of photodegradation processes, indicating the increase in the surface roughness, whereas the mechanical properties remain essentially unchanged. In the following stage, where the ductile-brittle transition takes place, the mean deviation of the friction coefficients shows an appreciable decrease with maintaining almost constant average values, suggesting that the surface becomes more homogeneous. Beyond the ductile-brittle transition, both of the average and mean deviation of the friction coefficients gradually increase with the irradiation time, indicating further enhancement of surface roughness, followed by formation of surface cracks. The soundness of the friction measurements is confirmed by comparing with optical measurements of the surface roughness, and it is suggested that the present method gives a convenient and sensitive method of detection for degradation in polymeric materials.

scholarly journals The Toxicological Testing and Thermal Decomposition of Drive and Transport Belts Made of Thermoplastic Multilayer Polymer Materials

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Krawiec ◽  
Łukasz Warguła ◽  
Daniel Małozięć ◽  
Piotr Kaczmarzyk ◽  
Anna Dziechciarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Kinetics Of

The article presents the potential impact of flat drive and transport belts on people’s safety during a fire. The analysis distinguished belts made of classically used fabric–rubber composite materials reinforced with cord and currently used multilayer polymer composites. Moreover, the products’ multilayers during the thermal decomposition and combustion can be a source of emissions for unpredictable and toxic substances with different concentrations and compositions. In the evaluation of the compared belts, a testing methodology was used to determine the toxicometric indicators (WLC50SM) on the basis of which it was possible to determine the toxicity of thermal decomposition and combustion products in agreement with the standards in force in several countries of the EU and Russia. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the registration of emissions of chemical compounds during the thermal decomposition and combustion of polymer materials at three different temperatures. Moreover, the degradation kinetics of the polymeric belts by using the thermogravimetric (TGA) technique was evaluated. Test results have shown that products of thermal decomposition resulting from the neoprene (NE22), leder leder (LL2), thermoplastic connection (TC), and extra high top cower (XH) belts can be characterized as moderately toxic or toxic. Their toxicity significantly increases with the increasing temperature of thermal decomposition or combustion, especially above 450 °C. The results showed that the belts made of several layers of polyamide can be considered the least toxic in fire conditions. The TGA results showed that NBR/PA/PA/NBR belt made with two layers of polyamide and the acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber has the highest thermal stability in comparison to other belts.

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