scholarly journals Structure and Written Expression Section on Paper-Based TOEFL : Perceived Difficulties by Nursing Students of Poltekes Solok, West Sumatera

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Fitri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Word Order ◽  
English Language ◽  
Written Expression ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Grammatical Competence ◽  
Plural Noun ◽  
Item Item ◽  
Order Parallel

<p class="abstrak">English language ability is one of the skills that must be possessed by college students, including nursing students. Having good English skills will open broad opportunities for increasing the competency and expertise of nursing students. One form of recognition of good English skills is to have a high TOEFL score. However, getting a high TOEFL score is still a challenge for nursing students. Facts in the field show that many nursing students find it difficult to achieve high scores on the TOEFL test. The most common form of difficulty is the problem in answering questions related to the structure and written expression section in the Paper-Based TOEFL test. The purpose of this research is to investigate nursing students’ difficulties in the structure and written expressions section tested in the Paper-Based TOEFL. The population of this study was 80 nursing students of POLTEKES Solok, and the sample was selected by using cluster random sampling. Data of the research was collected through tests and interviews. The result of the research found that that there were 8 items considered as the most difficult elements met by nursing students in the TOEFL test. These items were word order, parallel structure, singular and plural nouns, missing and extra words, articles, comparative and superlative, word choice, and word form. In addition, the findings also show that several factors influence nursing students' difficulties in the structure and written expression section. The factors were unfamiliarity with the TOEFL test, lack of practice, and lack of grammatical competence.</p><p><em>Kemampuan berbahasa Inggris merupakan salah satu keterampilan yang harus dimiliki oleh mahasiswa perguruan tinggi, termasuk mahasiswa keperawatan. Dengan memiliki keterampilan bahasa Inggris yang baik akan membuka kesempatan yang luas terhadap peningkatan kompetensi dan keahlian mahasiswa keperawatan. Salah satu bentuk pengakuan dari kemampuan bahasa Inggris yang baik ialah memiliki skor TOEFL yang tinggi. Namun, mendapatkan nilai yang tinggi dalam test TOEFL masih menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi mahasiswa keperawatan. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak mahasiswa keperawatan yang kesulitan untuk bisa mencapai skor tinggi dalam tes TOEFL. Bentuk kesulitan yang paling banyak ditemui adalah permasalahan dalam menjawab soal yang berkaitan dengan structure dan written expression section pada Paper-Based TOEFL test. P</em><em>enelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh</em><em> mahasiswa keperawatan POLTEKES Solok </em><em>dalam </em><em>menjawab structure dan written expression section y</em><em>ang diuji dalam P</em><em>aper-Based </em><em>TOEFL. Populasi penelitian ini adalah </em><em>80 orang mahasiswa keperawatan</em><em>, dan sampel penelitian ini dipilih dengan menggunakan </em><em>cluster random</em><em> sampling</em><em>. </em><em>Data</em><em> dari penelitian ini </em><em> dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan </em><em>tes dan interview</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Dari temuan penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada 8 item yang dianggap sebagai elemen paling sulit yang ditemui mahasiswa keperawatan dalam tes TOEFL. Item-item tersebut adalah word order, parallel structure, singular and plural noun, missing dan extra words, article, comparative and superlative, word choice, dan word form.Selain itu, temuan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan siswa dalam </em><em>structure and written epression section</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah tidak terbiasa dengan tes TOEFL, kurangnya latihan, dan kurangnya penguasaan tata bahasa.</em></p><p class="abstrak"><strong><em>Kata Kunci: </em></strong><em>TOEFL, Structure and Written Expression Section, Mahasiswa Keperawatan</em></p>

scholarly journals Native Language Interference in Learning a Second Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Yasir Mubarok ◽  
Aruna Heli Nur'aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Grammatical Errors

The purpose of the research is to identify and investigate grammatical errors of the theses which are written by students’ Department of English Literature at one of the State Universities, Jakarta, Indonesia. The research approach is descriptive qualitative with descriptive analysis. There are five theses that are used as data sources. The data sources are the fourth chapter of the thesis that every chapter contains a conclusion and a suggestion. The study uses a non-contrastive approach by Richards to error analysis. Based on data sources, the authors found 84 errors, which can be divided into 17 types of grammatical errors. There are 29.80% of article errors, 11.90% of punctuation errors, 8.30% of unnecessary words, 6% of spelling errors, 8.30% of spacing errors, 4.80% of subject-verb agreement errors, 6% of parallel structure errors, 1.20% of word order errors, 4.80% of plural errors, 1.2% of word choice errors, 1.2% of preposition errors, 3.6% of missing words errors, 4.8% of run-on sentence errors, 4.8% of to infinitive errors, 1.2% of passive voice errors, 1.2% of capitalization errors, and 1.2% of auxiliaries errors. The results indicate that students make common grammatical errors encouraged or influenced by their first language (L1). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menyelidiki kesalahan tata bahasa dalam skripsi yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa jurusan Sastra Inggris di salah satu Universitas Negeri, di Jakarta, Indonesia. Pendekatan dalam penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Ada lima tesis yang digunakan sebagai sumber data. Sumber data tersebut adalah bab keempat dari skripsi tersebut dimana dalam bab ini berisikan kesimpulan dan saran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan a non-contrastive dari Richards untuk menganalisis kesalahannya. Berdasarkan sumber data, penulis menemukan 84 kesalahan, yang dapat dibagi menjadi 17 jenis kesalahan tata bahasa. Ada 29,80% kesalahan artikel (article), 11,90% kesalahan punctuation (tanda baca), 8,30% dari kata-kata yang tidak perlu (unnecessary words), 6% kesalahan ejaan (spelling errors), 8,30% kesalahan spasi (spacing errors), 4,80% kesalahan subject-verb agreement, 6% kesalahan struktur paralel (parallel structure), 1,20% kesalahan urutan kata (word order), 4,80% kesalahan jamak (plural), 1,2% kesalahan pilihan kata (word choice), 1,2% kesalahan preposisi (preposition), 3,6% dari kesalahan kata yang hilang (missing words), 4,8% dari kesalahan (run-on sentence), 4,8% dari kesalahan infinitif (to infinitive), 1,2% dari kesalahan kalimat pasif (passive voice), 1,2% dari kesalahan kapitalisasi (capitalization), dan 1,2% kesalahan auxiliaries. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa membuat kesalahan tata bahasa umum dipengaruhi oleh bahasa pertama (L1) mereka. كان الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو الكشف عن الأخطاء النحوية في البحث العلمي الذي كتبه طلاب قسم اللغة  الإنجليزية و آدابها في إحدى جامعات الحكومية، بجاكرتا- إندونيسيا. و يستخدم هذا البحث المنهج النوعي الوصفي مع التحليل الوصفي. هناك خمس أطروحات تستخدم كمصادر البيانات. و مصدر البيانات هو الباب الرابع من البحث العلمی الذي يحتوي على استنتاجات واقتراحات. و تستخدم هذه الدراسة مقاربة غير متناقضة من ريتشاردز لتحليل أخطائه. و بناءً على مصدر البيانات، وجد المؤلفون 84 خطأ، والتي يمكن تقسيمها إلى 17 نوعًا من الأخطاء النحوية. و هناك 29.80٪ من أخطاء المقالة، 11.90٪ من علامات الترقيم، 8.30٪ من الكلمات غير الضرورية، 6٪ من الأخطاء الإملائية، 8،30 ٪ أخطاء التباعد، 4.80٪ أخطاء اتفاق الفعل، 6٪ أخطاء بنية متوازية، أخطاء ترتيب الكلمات 1.20٪، أخطاء الجمع 4.80٪ (الجمع)، 1.2٪ من أخطاء اختيار الكلمات، 1.2٪ من أخطاء حروف الجر، 3.6٪ من الكلمات المفقودة، 4.8٪ من جملة الجمل، 4.8٪ من الأخطاء اللانهائية، و 1.2٪ من الأخطاء الصوتية السلبية، و 1.2٪ من أخطاء الكتابة بالأحرف الكبيرة، و 1.2٪ من الأخطاء المساعدة. و تظهر النتائج أن الطلاب الذين يرتكبون أخطاء نحوية شائعة يتأثرون بلغتهم الأولى.(L1)

scholarly journals The obstacles faced by the junior lecturers of Syiah Kuala University in achieving the required TOEFL scores

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-336
Author(s):  
Raihal Fajri ◽  
Siti Sarah Fitriani ◽  
Usman Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The Other ◽  
Written Expression ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Training Class ◽  
Main Ideas

The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is an examination used to evaluate a non-native English speaker’s proficiency in the English language. This study was conducted to investigate the obstacles faced by the junior lecturers of Syiah Kuala University in achieving the required TOEFL scores. This research applied a focused description as a method of collecting the data and was located within qualitative research. The population of this research was 23 junior lecturers of Syiah Kuala University who were participating in a training class at the Language Centre of Syiah Kuala University and are in preparation for further study in either home country or overseas universities. The instrument of data collection is a questionnaire guide with google form that was sent to 23 junior lecturers. The questionnaire was used to find out the obstacles faced by the junior lectures in achieving the required TOEFL scores. The collected were analysed by using compiling the percentage, adopting the formula proposed by Sudjono. The finding shows that junior lecturers faced obstacles in answering listening to long conversations with a percentage of 93.3% and avoiding similar sounds with a percentage of 80%. The specific obstacles in the structure written expression section were the skill in answering coordinate connectors, agreement after certain words, and parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions questions with the percentage 60%. The other obstacles were skills in answering agreement after prepositional phrases and skill in agreement after prepositional phrases questions with the percentage 67.7%. Then, the obstacles faced by them in reading comprehension were in recognizing main ideas and determining meanings of difficult words questions with the percentage of 67.7%. It is suggested that the junior lecturers should improve their English proficiency before they take the TOEFL test.

THE EFFECT OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY TOWARD ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF NURSING STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Juliana Juliana ◽  
Novi Afrianti
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
English Language ◽  
Extracurricular Activity ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Banda Aceh

This research is a descriptive correlative study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and relationship of English extracurricular activities (English Club) on the English learning achievement of nursing students. This research took place at the Academy of Nursing Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh. The population in this study were all students of the Academy of Nursing Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh. The samples are students of 2018/2019 who take part in English extracurricular activities as many as 50 students. Data collection methods in this study are the documentation and the questionnaire. Documentation is used to obtain data about the names and number of students who become research respondents. The questionnaire was used to find out students' opinions about English extracurricular activities. The data was analysed in term of percentage by using statistic descriptive SPSS 16.0 and Ms Excel 2013. The results of this study are the researchers found that the average value of students' perceptions reached 82.3% which means students strongly agree with the existence of English language extracurricular activities to support the improvement of their English learning achievement. The data is strengthened by the results of documentation of students' English grades. From the results of the analysis showed that English extracurricular activities proved to have an effect on students' English learning achievement.

Nepalese English (Nenglish): Diverse and expanded assortment of Standard English

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Nani Babu Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Written Form

Nepalese English is a new version of Standard English which is developed due to the effect of the Worlds Englishes. When the English language is expanded, the consequence has been seen in the use of English according to the socio-cultural context of the countries. The use of English either in spoken or written form is also seen differently from the Standard English in Nepal. To uncover this change in the use of English in Nepal, I studied two fictions (novels) written by two Nepalese literary figures in English based on qualitative analysis of the authors’ practice in the use of Nepalese English in writing fiction and found that there is the influence of Nepalese socio-cultural, socio-political, social norms and values in English literature. The finding also illustrated that Nepalese words (characters, location, kinship and taboos terms) are making their entries, complete sentences in Nepali are written, English suffixes are being attached to Nepalese words and vice versa, the word order of English is changed in Nepalese English (Nenglish), the literal translation of Nepalese proverbs are being introduced in English literature. The practice of writing English literature using Nepalese English is being extended to create its own features in English language which leads to develop Nepalese English as a separate variety in the field of language study.

scholarly journals Using Total Physical Response (TPR) Method on Young Learners English Language Teaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Cicih Nuraeni
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Physical Response ◽  
Learning English

<p>The purpose of this study was to describe the use of Total Physical Response (TPR) method on young learners English Language Teaching (ELT) at Panti Asuhan Yauma. The method of the research is descriptive qualitative. In this research the researcher describes the activities carried out by teachers and students by using TPR method. The data resources are from teacher and students in Panti Asuhan Yauma Jakarta. The class consists of 30 students which their ages were around 5 to 11 years old. The data collected through observation in learning activities. The instruments were pre-test and post-test with 2 (two) criterion being assessed, namely vocabulary and comprehension. They were divided into 5 (five) elements such as accuracy of word, understanding each word, word choice, understanding the meaning, and speaking easily. The results showed that there was an improvement in vocabulary score about 27.40 and comprehension score about 28.77. The research finding first showed that when using the TPR method children enjoyed and were also very active in learning English. The researcher hopes that the study contributes to the activities of teaching and learning English, especially teaching English for young learners. It was proved by the score from pre-test and post-test.</p>

scholarly journals DEVELOPING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS OF ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY FOR ENGLISH DEPARTMENT COLLEGE-LEARNERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chothibul Umam
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Material Development ◽  
State College ◽  
Materials Used

<p>The role of knowledge on English Morphology for the students of English Language Education (henceforth ELE) cannot be neglected. However, the preliminary observations done by the researcher during the instructional process of English Morphology at the State College for Islamic Studies (STAIN) Kediri Indonesia, for three academic years shows that most of the students still get difficulty in understanding the course content.  The researcher, therefore, is of the opinion that the instructional materials used in the classes need to be developed. The adaptation version of Borg &amp; Gall (1983) model of R &amp; D  covering preliminary observation, designing preliminary product, expert validation, product revision, field testing or try out, and revision to produce final product is used to develop an instructional material on English Morphology. The products mostly concern on 1) the course content, 2) the exercises, and 3) the level of language difficulty or word choice. The researcher expects that the final product of this study could be used as a handbook for the students in studying English Morphology.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>instructional materials, material development, English morphology</em></p>

scholarly journals Lexical and semantic errors in the English language teaching in homogenious groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
G. Akhmetova ◽  
◽  
A. Bizhkenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Efl Teacher ◽  
Semantic Errors ◽  
Lexical Competence ◽  
Incorrect Usage

The present research paper discusses the issues of identifying common lexical and semantic mistakes in Kazakh pre-intermediate EFL learners studying in homogeneous groups at university. Words are viewed as powerful tools and when used correctly, words may evoke different feelings and emotions and cause various actions. It’s important to learn how to spot difficult words, correct them timely, and master lexical competence teaching to use the words correctly. The data of the study were collected by learner’s EFL teacher from their final essays. Thirty-one essays were used as the instrument of the study to obtain real language from the participants. The authors of the study hope that the results of the conducted research would contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon of lexical and semantic errors in English language teaching which will help teachers to elaborate the differentiated tasks and ways of explaining new vocabulary preventing students’ misunderstanding. Furthermore, the results of the presented research can serve as guidance and be used in compiling EFL textbooks for Kazakhstani students. As a result, researchers managed to classify lexical and semantic errors in English language teaching, identified frequent errors, and described their causes. The findings of the research illustrate that the participants of the study make errors of word choice and incorrect collocations the most. Moreover, incorrect usage of the preposition and literal translation from L1 are included in the frequent mistakes

scholarly journals Indonesian EFL Nursing Students’ Learning Process: Obstacles & Expectations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Gilang Rajasa
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Schedule Management ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Management Curriculum

Nursing students learn English language as specific purposes (ESP). They should be able to learn do communication in English to be a professional nurse. However, learning English was not an easy game to do. There will be some difficulties and adjustment along the learning process. Thus, the research is aimed at. A descriptive qualitative methodology as the foundation to investigate the obstacles in the learning process among Indonesian EFL nursing students and to examine the nursing students’ expectation in English learning process. Open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interview would be the instruments to gain support some information. About 24 respondents and 3 of representatives of 7th semester nursing students would be the respondents. The result showed that besides grammar, structure, and tenses application, four skills implementation, lecturer’s effects, and institution’s regulations (curriculum management distribution, time schedule management, connection problem between staffs authority and lecturer) would be the major obstacles. Meanwhile, better communication among nursing institute stakeholders about schedule, time management, curriculum and modifying classroom activities could be the better expectation emerged to reduce the EFL nursing students’ obstacles. This research concluded that adjusting the regulation for the English subject curriculum and altering nursing students to encourage and motivate themselves to learn about English could change the outcome and situation to build pedagogical implication and to plan more comprehensive English learning activities.

scholarly journals Blend Words and Their Influence on the Lexicon and Future of English Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Laila Othman Baram ◽  
Aram Kamil Noori
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Life Change ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
New Words

This research studies the widening range of forming and using blend (portmanteau) words in English language. It sheds light on the fact that most blend words are exocentric not only for second language learners but also to natives too, since they have not been listed in English dictionaries. Even if listed; still the continuous process of forming blend words will leave no room to catch up with listing all of them. English nowadays has become the most dominant language and at the same time it has been influenced by some factors as much as it has been influential. In terms of word formation processes especially blending, one can realize how rapidly and unexpectedly new words are coined for new purposes in accordance with daily life needs. In this era of speed; English native speakers, as their nature, do like to economize in their word choice especially in their word formation processes such as blending, acronyms, clipping and all types of abbreviations. In fact, the inevitability of life change as the result of daily life’s needs inventions influences English language in many ways. In addition, the policy of economizing and being selective reflects well on letter choice and word forming processes. In relation to this, the consequences of life change can be noted in studying blend forms in English. Some simple examples are: blunch, chexting, spork, feminar, brinner, brunch, fanzin, hubot, smog, etc. In a nut shell, the research states the inevitable and intriguing change of English words in the process of blending in which two or more words are cut and mixed together to form a new form, called a blend word. One basic point here is that a blend word is not simply one word; brinner as an example is formed from three other words (breakfast + lunch + dinner) to describe a situation in which you just have one meal instead of the three. Most of blend words have not so far been listed in English dictionaries. So this continuous process of forming new words does a great change to English vocabularies now and in the upcoming years.

scholarly journals THE DIFFICULTIES FACED BY THE STUDENTS IN ANSWERING THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION SECTION OF THE TOEFL TEST

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mainar Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Written Expression ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parallel Structures ◽  
Passive Verbs ◽  
Passing Grade

TOEFL test is one of the requirements for the students of English Study Program FKIP UNRI to finish their study at S1 Degree.  Based on the researcher’s observation, most of the students did not pass the TOEFL Test.  The students followed the test for several times till they reached the passing grade. It seemed that the students got difficulties in answering the TOEFL Test. So, in this research the researcher focused on analyzing the students’ difficulties in answering the Written Expression section of the TOEFL test.  The aims of this research were to identify the categories of items in the Written Expression section of the TOEFL test which were difficult for the third-year students of English Study Program FKIP-UNRI . and to identify which categories of items that were easy for the students. This research was a quantitative research. The researcher analyzed the categories of items tested in TOEFL test, especially in the Written Expression section. There were 12 categories of items tested in the Written Expression section of the TOEFL test based on Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test by Deborah Phillips (2000: 144-221). The categories consisted of subject-verb agreement, parallel structure, comparative and superlative, the use of the verbs, the forms of the verbs, passive verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs, articles, prepositions and usages   The result of the research showed that there were 10 categories of items that were difficult for the students. The categories were parallel structures, comparatives and superlatives, the use of the verbs, passive verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs, articles, prepositions and usages.  While the categories of items which were considered easy for the students were subject-verb agreement and the forms of the verbs. So, in general, the students got difficulties in answering the Written Expression section of the TOEFL test.

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