The Relationship between Family Attitude and Family Caregiver Burden of Patients with Schizophrenia in Tangerang

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that occurs in the long term and affects the thought process which demanding for the required care. Negative attitudes can be one of the factors that influence the family burden that is getting heavier. This study aimed to determine the relationship of family attitudes to the family burden of caring for schizophrenic patients at the psychiatric hospital in Kota Tangerang. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation with Cross-Sectional design. The population of this study was the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia who visited the psychiatric clinic at Kota Tangerang Hospital. This study used the accidental sampling method, recruited as many as 64 people. The instrument of this study was the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) questionnaire and the Family Attitude Scale (FAS) had been examined the validity and reliability test. The Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis to identify the relationship between family attitude and caregiver burden. Results: The results of this study were 23 respondents who had a positive attitude with a light burden of 52.2% while those with a negative attitude had 41 respondents with a heavy burden of 80.5. The p-value was 0.007 showed that there was a significant relationship between family attitudes and the burden of the family caring for patients with schizophrenia in psychiatric hospitals in Kota Tangerang Hospital. Conclusion: It suggests that health care providers need to consider the burden perceived by the caregivers so they are more likely to show a positive attitude in providing care for the beloved-one.Keywords: Caregiver Burden, Family Attitudes, Family Caregivers, Patients with Schizophrenia

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Pemodelan Kausal Faktor-Faktor Beban Keluarga dalam Merawat Pasien Kanker Menggunakan Algoritma S2C-Latent

Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer ◽

10.25126/jtiik.0814266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Rizki Surtiyan Surya ◽

Christantie Effendy ◽

Ridho Rahmadi

Keyword(s):

Family Caregivers ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Family Caregiver ◽

Causal Modeling ◽

Family Burden ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Activity Factor ◽

The Family ◽

Specification Search

Pasien kanker memiliki kebutuhan yang kompleks mulai dari masalah fisik, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual. Keluarga yang merawat pasien kanker disebut family caregiver. Seorang family caregiver membantu mengatasi hampir semua permasalahan yang dialami pasien baik saat dirawat di rumah maupun di rumah sakit. Keluarga mengalami suka dan duka dalam merawat pasien. Dalam merawat pasien dengan penyakit kronis, bukan hanya pasien tetapi kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup family caregiver juga penting. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana beban family caregiver dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi beban keluarga dalam merawat pasien. Beban family caregiver dapat diukur menggunakan Caregiver Reaction Assesment (CRA), yang direpresentasikan oleh beberapa faktor. Dengan memahami hubungan kausal antara faktor-faktor beban keluarga, diharapkan dapat membantu untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana beban caregiver bersumber dan berdampak. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan kausal antara faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan beban family caregiver dalam merawat pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma pemodelan kausal bernama Stable Specification Search for Cross-sectional Data with Latent Variable (S3C-Latent) untuk mendapatkan model kausal antara faktor-faktor beban family caregiver yang relevan. Dari hasil analisis pemodelan didapatkan ada 3 faktor yang memiliki hubungan kausal dan 2 faktor memiliki hubungan asosiasi. Gender memiliki hubungan kausal yang stabil terhadap kesiapan kesehatan dan kesiapan dalam merawat. Sedangkan faktor kesiapan merawat mempengaruhi faktor aktivitas family caregiver, selain itu faktor keuangan memiliki hubungan asosiasi yang kuat dengan faktor aktivitas dan hubungan keluarga. Pemodelan kausal ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan bagi tenaga kesehatan dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang lebih tepat, efisien, dan efektif di dalam menangani permasalahan beban caregiver. AbstractCancer patients have complex needs ranging from physical, psychological, social, and spiritual problems. Families who take care for cancer patients are called family caregivers. A family caregiver helps to overcome almost all problems experienced by the patients both while being treated at home and in the hospital. Families experience joy and sorrow in caring for patients. In treating patients with chronic diseases, not only the patient but the family caregiver's well-being and quality of life are also important. Therefore, it is very important to know how the family caregiver's burden is and the factors that affect the family burden in caring for patients. Caregiver family burden can be measured using Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA), which is represented by several factors. By understanding the causal relationship between family burden factors, it is hoped that it can help to identify how the caregiver burden is sourced and impacted. Therefore, this study aims to identify the causal relationships between factors related to the burden on family caregivers in caring for patients. This study uses a causal modeling algorithm called Stable Specification Search for Cross-sectional Data with Latent Variable (S3C-Latent) to obtain a causal model between the relevant caregiver family load factors. The results of modeling analysis showed that there are 3 factors which have a causal relationship and 2 factors have an association relationship. Gender has a stable causal relationship to health readiness and readiness to care, Moreover, the caring readiness factor affects the family caregiver activity factor, and the financial factor has a strong association with the activity factor and family relationships. This causal modeling can be used as a reference for health workers so as to give health services which are precise, efficient, and effective in dealing with caregiver burden problems.

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Predictors of Depressive Symptoms among Family Caregivers of Patients with Dementia in Java, Indonesia

Siriraj Medical Journal ◽

10.33192/smj.2021.71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 549-558

Author(s):

Yossie Susanti Eka Putri ◽

Yajai Sitthimongkol ◽

Virapun Wirojratana ◽

Natkamol Chansatitporn

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

The Relationship

Objective: Depressive symptoms are common mental health problems among the family caregivers of patients with dementia. However, little is known about the prevalence of depressive symptoms among the family caregivers of patients with dementia in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine: 1) the factors predicting depressive symptoms, 2) the mediating role of social support in the relationship between burden and depressive symptoms, and 3) the association between depressive symptoms and healthcare utilization among family caregivers.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 250 family caregivers of patients with dementia recruited from four hospitals in Java, Indonesia. Data were collected by Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI); the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), the Mastery scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, hierarchical multiple linear regression, and Baron and Kenny's regression method were used to analyze the data.Results: The results revealed that about a quarter of the participants (24.8%) experienced depressive symptoms. Caregiver burden, mastery, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and social support explained 45.5% of the variance in the prevalence of depressive symptoms among family caregivers (R2=0.455). Social support also partially mediated the association between caregiver burden and depressive symptoms. There was no association between depressive symptoms and the use of healthcare services among the family caregivers.Conclusion: The findings revealed that social support is a mediating factor affecting the relationship between caregiver burden and depressive symptoms. Interventions targeting social support to help alleviate caregiver burden would be effective in helping reduce depressive symptoms in the family caregivers of patients with dementia.

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Managing Caregiver Burden among Families of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.25159/2520-5293/4330 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yemisi Okikiade Oyegbile ◽

Petra Brysiewicz

Keyword(s):

Renal Disease ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Government Support ◽

Implementation Phase ◽

The Family ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Family caregivers of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) play a significant role in providing substantial care for a prolonged period for their sick relatives, often with very limited resources, making it a difficult environment. Government support for family caregivers of patients with ESRD is lacking in Nigeria, increasing their vulnerability to caregiver burden and its consequences. An action research study using a complimentary mixed-method approach was used to develop the intervention model for managing caregiver burden. Quantitative data were collected to measure the extent of caregiver burden using a Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire for 96 family caregivers, while individual in-depth interviews with 15 participants provided the qualitative data. Integrating the quantitative and qualitative data led to the identification of four moderators to manage the caregiver burden in this study. The model for managing caregiver burden was developed from the findings, using stressors and associated moderators of caregiving, and the role played by culture and finance in this context. An implementation checklist was developed, which was used by registered nurses to implement the concepts in the model with the family caregivers during the model implementation phase. Family caregivers of patients with ESRD need to be supported by nurses during the caregiving process. Nurses can increase caregivers’ identity and knowledge of the disease as a way of preventing the family caregivers from being overwhelmed by their caregiving role.

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Protective preparation: a process central to family caregivers of persons with mild cognitive impairment

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610217001764 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 375-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ching-Lin Wang ◽

Li-Min Kuo ◽

Yi-Chen Chiu ◽

Hsiu-Li Huang ◽

Huei-Ling Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Family Caregiving ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Family ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:To develop a theoretical model explaining the longitudinal changes in the caregiving process for family caregivers of persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Taiwan.Methods:A longitudinal, grounded theory approach using in-depth face-to-face interviews and an open-ended interview guide. We conducted 42 interviews over a two-year period; each participant was interviewed at least once every six months. All participants were interviewed in their home. The participants total of 13 family caregivers of persons with MCI.Results:One core theme emerged: “protective preparation.” This reflected the family caregiving process of preparation for a further decline in cognitive function, and protection from the impact of low self-esteem, accidents, and symptoms of comorbidities for the family member with MCI. Protective preparation contained three components: ambivalent normalization, vigilant preparation, and protective management.Conclusions:Interventions to help family caregivers manage the changes in persons with MCI can reduce caregiver burden. Our findings could provide a knowledge base for use by healthcare providers to develop and implement strategies to reduce caregiver burden for family caregivers of persons with MCI.

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Percepção da sobrecarga familiar nos cuidados ao paciente psiquiátrico crônico

Enfermagem em Foco ◽

10.21675/2357-707x.2011.v2.n4.193 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 245-247

Author(s):

Mohema Duarte de Oliveira ◽

Mariana Ferreira de Sá ◽

Maria Luciene Rocha

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Literature Search ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Family Burden ◽

The Family ◽

The Impact ◽

Chronic Psychiatric Patients

Objetivos: avaliar o impacto da sobrecarga familiar nos cuidados ao paciente psiquiátrico crônico. Metodologia: pesquisa bibliográfica por meio de referências publicadas em documentos, livros, revistas, artigos científicos, internet, ou seja, aborda tudo o que foi publicado sobre o tema proposto. Resultados: a convivência com a pessoa acometida por uma doença mental é desgastante para o familiar e, muitas vezes, há dificuldade de compreensão dos sintomas apresentados pelo doente. Conclusão: há a necessidade de desenvolver programas de informação, orientação e apoio aos familiares dos pacientes psiquiátricos.Descritores: Sobrecarga, Familiares Cuidadores, Pacientes Psiquiátricos.Perception of the familiar overload in the cares to the chronic psychiatric patientAims: to assess the impact of family burden in caring for chronic psychiatric patients. Methodology: literature search by means of references in published papers, books, magazines, papers, and internet, that is, it approaches all publishings on the theme. Results: living with the person affected by mental illness is stressful for the family and sometimes there is difficulty in understanding the symptoms presented by the patient. Conclusion: there is a need to develop information, guidance and support to families of psychiatric patients.Descriptors: Overload, Family Caregivers, Psychiatric Patients.La percepción de la carga familiar en el cuidado de pacientes psiquiátricos crónicosObjectivos: Evaluar el impacto de la carga familiar en el cuidado de pacientes psiquiátricos crónicos. Metodología: la literatura a través de referencias de artículos publicados, libros, revistas, periódicos, internet, o las direcciones de lo que se ha publicado sobre el tema. Resultados: la convivencia con la persona afectada por una enfermedad mental es muy estresante para la familia y con frecuencia hay dificultad en la comprensión de los síntomas que presenta el paciente. Conclusión: Hay una necesidad de desarrollar programas de información, orientación y apoyo a las familias de los pacientes psiquiátricos.Descriptores: Sobrecarga, Los Cuidadores Familiares, Los Pacientes Psiquiátricos.

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The Burden and Perceived Stress on Family Caregivers of Patients With Orofacial Cleft Deformities in The Perioperative Period of Cleft Repair

Journal of Patient Experience ◽

10.1177/2374373520948650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 1602-1609

Author(s):

Olalere Omoyosola Gbolahan ◽

Ogunmuyiwa Stella Amiede ◽

Olowookere Anu Samuel

Keyword(s):

Family Caregivers ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Perioperative Period ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Interview Score ◽

The Family ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Family Caregiver Burden

Different stages along the trajectory of cleft care may present with different and peculiar challenges that may negatively impact family caregivers, leading to considerable stress and burden. This study aims to evaluate the family caregiver burden and perceived stress of caring for patients with cleft deformities. Contributing factors to family caregivers’ burden in the perioperative period of cleft repair was also identified. A cross-sectional design that included 90 adult caregiver–patient pairs was employed. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect necessary information. The level of caregiver’s burden was assessed using the Zarit burden interview score. The results demonstrated the levels of caregiver burden as severe (4.4%), moderate to severe (21.1%), mild to moderate (40%), and little or none (34.5%). The only significant and independent predictor of caregiver burden was earning less than US$50/month (odds ratio = 2.30, 95% CI = 0.95-5.61, P = .066). Coping strategy was mainly family support (98.9%), while the greatest need expressed was financial assistance (66.7%). Our findings suggests that efforts geared at reducing direct and indirect cost of cleft care may help in reducing caregivers’ burden.

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Effect of an Educational Support Programme on Caregiver Burden Among the Family Members of Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.2021.21.02.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. e266-274

Author(s):

Helen Dalirirad ◽

Naima Seyedfatemi ◽

Tahereh Najafi

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Control Group ◽

Educational Support ◽

Cabg Surgery ◽

Support Programme ◽

The Family

Objectives: The family caregivers of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery experience considerable physical and emotional distress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational support programme on caregiver burden among the family caregivers of patients undergoing CABG surgery in Iran. Methods: This non-randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted from January to April 2017 at a cardiovascular centre in Tehran, Iran. A total of 80 family caregivers of patients undergoing CABG surgery were sequentially selected and non-randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The control group received routine care, whereas the intervention group received additional education sessions at baseline, prior to surgery, the day after surgery and before discharge. Caregiver burden was compared at baseline and six weeks post-discharge using the Persian-language versions of the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Results: A significant difference was observed between family caregivers in the control and intervention groups with regards to pre-post differences in mean CBI scores (+1.67 ± 19.23 versus +17.45 ± 9.83; P <0.001), with an effect size of −1.14. In addition, there was a significant increase in mean post-discharge IADL scores among CABG patients in the intervention group compared to the control group (4.42 ± 1.05 versus 3.07 ± 1.09; P <0.001). Conclusion: An educational support programme significantly reduced caregiver burden among the family members of patients undergoing CABG surgery in Iran. As such, in addition to routine care, healthcare providers should provide educational support to this population to help mitigate caregiver burden. Keywords: Caregiver Burden; Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery; Patient Education as Topic; Caregivers; Education; Quality of Life; Controlled Clinical Trial; Iran.

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Relationships between Caregiving Stress, Depression, and Self-Esteem in Family Caregivers of Adults with a Disability

Occupational Therapy International ◽

10.1155/2017/1686143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

DeokJu Kim

Keyword(s):

Family Caregivers ◽

Care Provider ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Care Providers ◽

Rehabilitation Centers ◽

Caregiving Stress ◽

The Family ◽

Continuous Support ◽

Hospital Rehabilitation

This study aimed to examine the relationships between caregiving stress, depression, and self-esteem of family caregivers of an adult person with a disability and to identify their effects on their caregiving burden. The study was performed with 108 care providers of adult people with a disability who visited hospital rehabilitation centers. Caregiving stress showed a significant positive correlation with depression and with economic and psychological stress, and it showed a significant negative correlation with self-esteem. When the care provider was aged, female, and without a job and the caregiving cost and time were higher, the caregiving stress was high. When the care provider was female and had a lower income, the depression index was high. When the person with a disability was male and in the forties and the level of disability was higher, the caregiving stress was high. When the disability was related to spinal cord damage, the care provider’s depression index was the highest. To reduce caregiving stress and depression in the family caregivers and to improve their self-esteem, continuous support and help from specialists are necessary. Additionally, a variety of intervention programs need to be designed to motivate them to participate regularly at the community level.

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Caregiver Burden and Sleep Quality in Dependent People’s Family Caregivers

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8071072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1072 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Miguel A. Simón ◽

Ana M. Bueno ◽

Patricia Otero ◽

Vanessa Blanco ◽

Fernando L. Vázquez

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perceived Burden ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between caregiver burden and sleep quality in dependent people’s family caregivers. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 201 dependent people’s family caregivers and 92 non-caregivers controls. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), and an ad-hoc questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data. Based on CBI scores, subjects were categorized into three groups: family caregivers with high levels of perceived burden, family caregivers with low and medium levels of perceived burden and non-caregiver controls. There were significant differences among the groups in the PSQI total (F = 40.39; p < 0.001), subjective sleep quality (F = 25.55; p < 0.001), sleep latency (F = 16.99; p < 0.001), sleep disturbances (F = 14.90; p < 0.001), use of sleep medications (F = 6.94; p < 0.01) and daytime dysfunction (F = 20.12; p < 0.001). These differences were found only between the caregivers with high levels of perceived burden and the other two groups (p < 0.05). There were also significant differences between the groups in sleep duration (F = 18.34; p < 0.001) and habitual sleep efficiency (F = 24.24; p < 0.001). In these dependent measures, the differences were found in all the pairs examined (p < 0.05). These results suggest that caregiver burden is related to sleep quality, so that caregivers with greater perceived burden have a worse sleep quality.

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Psychometric Properties of the Family Inventory of Resources for Management in a Sample of Iranian Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients

Nursing Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2016/1401645 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Seyed Reza Mirsoleymani ◽

Camelia Rohani ◽

Mahsa Matbouei ◽

Malihe Nasiri ◽

Parvaneh Vasli

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Family ◽

Good Internal Consistency

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Family Inventory of Resources for Management (FIRM) in a sample of family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods. In this methodological study, construct validity of the FIRM was evaluated by known groups and convergent validity in a convenience sample of family caregivers of cancer patients (n=104) referred to the outpatient oncology wards of five educational hospitals in Tehran from January to April 2016. Reliability was determined by assessing the internal consistency and stability of the instrument. Results. The known-groups findings showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of the FIRM in family caregivers with different levels of caregiver burden (p<0.001). Also, the results of convergent validity showed that there is a moderate negative correlation (r=-0.50; p<0.001) between the total scores of the FIRM and the scores of the caregiver burden inventory (CBI). The FIRM showed a good internal consistency (α=0.85) and a good stability of the test-retest reliability result. Conclusions. There is a sound psychometric basis for the use of the Persian translation of the FIRM for family studies in the Iranian population.

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