scholarly journals SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF HELMINTHOFAUNA OF WILD PREDATORY MAMMALS IN THE CONDITIONS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 568-574
Author(s):  
Shakarbоev ◽  
Berdibaev ◽  
Golovanov
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Level Of Invasion

It has been studied the seasonal dynamics of helminthiasis of predatory animals in the territory of Karakalpakstan. The material was collected in 2017–2020 on the territory of Karakalpakstan. 273 predatory animals and dogs were subjected to a complete helminthological study by the method of K.I. Skyarbin (1928). In addition, 165 fecal samples were examined by helminthicaprological methods and using the compression method. As a result of the studies conducted in the biocenoses of Karakalpakstan, it was found that 53 species of helminthes parasitize in the body of wild predatory mammals, which belong to 39 genera, 25 families, 13 orders, 4 classes and 3 types. Of these, 17 species (32%) were cestodes, 4 (7.6%) were trematodes, 3 (5.7%) were acanthocephales, and 29 species (54.7%) were nematodes. In Karakalpakstan, predators become infected with helminthes throughout the year. The highest level of invasion was recorded in autumn (63.5%), followed by summer (55.7%), winter (46.3%) and spring (24.4%). We note that the infestation of animals increases 2.6 times in autumn compared to spring. In the conditions of Karakalpakstan, the season has a certain effect on the helminthes fauna of wild animals.

scholarly journals Natural infection by endoparasites among free-living wild animals

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Holsback ◽  
Mauro José Lahm Cardoso ◽  
Rafael Fagnani ◽  
Thaís Helena Constantino Patelli
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of occurrence and variety of intestinal parasites among free-living wild animals. Fecal samples from wild mammals and birds at rehabilitation centers in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo were analyzed by sedimentation and flotation-centrifugation methods. Parasite eggs, oocysts, cysts and/or trophozoites were found in 71% of the samples. Cryptosporidiumsp. oocysts were detected in fecal samples from oncillas (Leopardus tigrinus) and scaly-headed parrots (Pionus maximiliani). Giardia cysts were identified in the feces of a gray brocket (Mazama gouazoubira). Among the most common parasites found, there were eggs from Toxocara cati,Toxascaris leonina and Ancylostoma tubaeforme, and from Cestoda. Several Enterobiussp. eggs were found in the feces of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus). It can be concluded from this study that despite the small number of samples, the diversity of parasites found was noteworthy. Additional information about parasite endofauna in wild animals is needed, since their presence might suggest that there could be proximity to and interactions with domestic animals and/or humans. In addition, further studies on parasites from free-living wild animals are of prime importance for understanding the intensity of anthropic changes in wild environments.

Comparative evaluation of the seasonal dynamics of live weight of mares of different genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
T F Lefler ◽  
A D Volkov ◽  
Y Y Kolomeets
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Feed Temperature

The article presents the results of a study of the adaptive dynamics of a live weight of native mares Khakass groups Orlov trotter, Russian trotter breed and Russian Heavy Draft. In horse breeding at the year-round grazing horses, the main problem associated with adverse to the body of animals and the longest winter tebenevochnym period. Quality wintering herd horses depends largely on the ability to retain fatness (conditionally resistance) during this difficult period. Applied today assessment of the herd of horses that are on tebenevke by visual inspection, does not allow to identify the start of a sharp loss of body weight, as a result of animals are depleted, which leads to an increase in the number of abortions in mares and waste both young and adult population. Investigations were carried out to study the adaptive dynamics of a live weight of mares in a year-round grazing for timely identification of the onset of critical changes. Degree horses adapt to seasonal rhythms in a year-round grazing animals reflects their annual dynamics of live weight. This indicator is one of the criteria for adaptation to breeding conditions. Comparative seasonal dynamics of the live weight of the mares of different genotypes studied by seasons by the formula AA Motorina [1]. During the year, the mares of different genotypes reacted differently to the drastically changing feed, temperature, physiological, and others. Factors. Hardier mare were Khakass groups. They are less than animals of other genotypes, react to the current level of feeding and management, sharp temperature changes. What does the change of body weight in the autumn-winter period (1.0-1.9 vs. 2.5-3.8%), autumn-spring (against 15,9-17,4 17,0-20,9) and autumn-summer (against 10,4-11,3 10,8-13,0%), indicating that a good adaptation mares Khakass groups to environmental factors.

A cross-sectional of Gastro-Intestinal Helminthes of Ruminants by Coprological Examination

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Аль-Албуди ◽  
Mohammed Saleh Al-Aboody
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Coprological Examination

In the present study 442 Fecal samples from cattle, buffaloes, and sheep for contamination with helminthes. Samples were examined from 171 cattle, 128 buffaloes, and 143 sheep. The testing, during the period from May 2014 to April 2015, showed that 81 out of 171cattle were positive for helminthes infection (47.3%), with the rate of infection higher in females (55%) than in males (40%). In buffaloes, 41 of 128 tested were positive, a 32% rate of infection. Again, the infection rate was higher in females (47%) than in males (22%). In sheep, the rate of infection was highest of all three species. The results showed that, the infection rate among cattle were 50.3% and Trichostrongyle species were the predominant parasites among both cattle and buffaloes. The prevalence rate was much higher in females than males. Regarding seasonal dynamics the highest infection rates with helminthes reported was in spring season.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF TRICHINELLA LARVAE DISTRIBUTION IN BADGERS’ MUSCLES THAT INHABIT IN AMUR REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
T. I. Trukhina ◽  
I. A. Solovieva ◽  
G. A. Bondarenko ◽  
D. A. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Eating Meat ◽  
Muscle Groups

Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease that affects animals and humans. Trichinella is a causative agent seen as a small round worm invisible to the eye. Trichinellosis affects pets and wild animals. Pigs, horses, dogs and synanthropic rats are seen to suffer from the disease more often among the domestic animals, and bears, wild boars, foxes, badgers and others – among the wild ones. . Human infection takes place when eating meat and meat products as raw dried homemade sausages and ham, kebabs, fried meat and other meat products contaminated with trichinell larvae. Infestation of wild animals is caused by predation or eating of dead animals. Pets are infected by eating slaughter products, food scraps and dead animals (rats). Trichinella are preserved in the animal muscles for some years. Badgers populations are seen as one of trichinosis reserves in Amur region. To determine specific features of trichinella larvae distribution in the lean tissue, the researchers explored the materials of 21 badgers from different areas of Amur region. The researchers used the heads or separate muscle groups for conducting the research. This is explained by remote location of many districts from the regional center. Trichinella larvae were detected by compressor trichinelloscopy and digestion in artificial gastric juice. The analysis showed that the number of trichinell larvae in the same muscle group does not depend on the side of the animal’s body, i.e. their number is almost identical on both the left and right sides. Invasion rate (IR) was defined as ratio of the number of infected animals to the total number of animals explored (in percentage). Invasion intensity (II) was determined by the number of trichinell larvae in 1 g of lean tissue (lye/g). The same method was used to investigate the distribution of trichinella larvae in 15 muscle groups of a badger. Invasion intensity in the infected animals was 14.3%. The largest number of trichinella larvae in a badger is concentrated in the head muscles, and there are no significant differences from the body part. The authors recommend to explore the badger carcasses and muscle sampling mainly from the head.

scholarly journals Wildlife as Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance in Germany?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Plaza-Rodríguez ◽  
Katja Alt ◽  
Mirjam Grobbel ◽  
Jens Andre Hammerl ◽  
Alexandra Irrgang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Selective Isolation ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nasal Swabs

The presence of bacteria carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in wildlife is an indicator that resistant bacteria of human or livestock origin are widespread in the environment. In addition, it could represent an additional challenge for human health, since wild animals could act as efficient AMR reservoirs and epidemiological links between human, livestock and natural environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of several bacterial species in certain wild animals in Germany, including wild boars (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild ducks (family Anatidae, subfamily Anatinae) and geese (family Anatidae, subfamily Anserinae). In the framework of the German National Zoonoses Monitoring Program, samples from hunted wild boars, roe deer and wild ducks and geese were collected nationwide in 2016, 2017, and 2019, respectively. Fecal samples were tested for the presence of Salmonella spp. (in wild boars and wild ducks and geese), Campylobacter spp. (in roe deer and wild ducks and geese), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia (E.) coli (STEC), commensal E. coli and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) or ampicillinase class C (AmpC) beta-lactamase-producing E. coli (in wild boars, roe deer and wild ducks and geese). In addition, the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated in nasal swabs from wild boars. Isolates obtained in the accredited regional state laboratories were submitted to the National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) for confirmation, characterization and phenotypic resistance testing using broth microdilution according to CLSI. AMR was assessed according to epidemiological cut-offs provided by EUCAST. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 13 of 552 (2.4%) tested wild boar fecal samples, but absent in all 101 samples from wild ducks and geese. Nine of the 11 isolates that were submitted to the NRL Salmonella were susceptible to all tested antimicrobial substances. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from four out of 504 (0.8%) roe deer fecal samples, but not from any of the samples from wild ducks and geese. Of the two isolates received in the NRL Campylobacter, neither showed resistance to any of the substances tested. From roe deer, 40.2% of the fecal samples (144 of 358) yielded STEC compared to 6.9% (37 of 536) from wild boars. In wild ducks and geese, no STEC isolates were found. Of 150 STEC isolates received in the NRL (24 from wild boars and 126 from roe deer), only one from each animal species showed resistance. Of the 219 isolates of commensal E. coli from wild boars tested for AMR, 210 were susceptible to all 14 tested substances (95.9%). In roe deer this proportion was even higher (263 of 269, 97.8%), whereas in wild ducks and geese this proportion was lower (41 of 49, 83.7%). Nevertheless, selective isolation of ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli yielded 6.5% (36 of 551) positive samples from wild boars, 2.3% (13 of 573) from roe deer and 9.8% (10 of 102) from wild ducks and geese. Among the 25 confirmed ESBL-/AmpC-producing isolates from wild boars, 14 (56.0%) showed resistance up to five classes of substances. This proportion was lower in roe deer (3 of 12, 25%) and higher in wild ducks and geese (7 of 10, 70%). None of the 577 nasal swabs from wild boars yielded MRSA. Results indicate that overall, the prevalence of resistant bacteria from certain wild animals in Germany is low, which may reflect not only the low level of exposure to antimicrobials but also the low level of resistant bacteria in the areas where these animals live and feed. However, despite this low prevalence, the patterns observed in bacteria from the wild animals included in this study are an indicator for specific resistance traits in the environment, including those to highest priority substances such as 3rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and colistin. Therefore, also continuous monitoring of the occurrence of such bacteria in wildlife by selective isolation is advisable. Furthermore, the possible role of wildlife as reservoir and disperser of resistant bacteria would need to be assessed, as wild animals, and in particular wild ducks and geese could become spreaders of resistant bacteria given their capacity for long-range movements.

scholarly journals Methyl-Donor Micronutrient for Gestating Sows: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome in Offspring Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin He ◽  
Tiande Zou ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Jia He ◽  
Li Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Methyl Donor ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Body Weights

This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation during gestation on gut microbiota and the fecal metabolic profile in offspring piglets. Forty-three Duroc × Erhualian gilts were assigned to two dietary groups during gestation: control diet (CON) and CON diet supplemented with MET (folic acid, methionine, choline, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12). The body weights of offspring piglets were recorded at birth and weaning. Besides this, fresh fecal samples of offspring piglets were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days. The gut microbiota composition, metabolic profile, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in the fecal samples were determined using 16S rDNA sequencing, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics, and gas chromatography methods, respectively. The results showed that maternal methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation increased the microbiota diversity and uniformity in feces of offspring piglets as indicated by increased Shannon and Simpson indices at 7 days, and greater Simpson, ACE, Chao1 and observed species indices at 21 days. Specifically, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio were elevated by maternal treatment. At the genus level, the relative abundance of SCFA-producing Dialister, Megasphaera, and Turicibacter, and lactate-producing Sharpea as well as Akkermansia, Weissella, and Pediococcus were increased in the MET group. The metabolic analyses show that maternal methyl-donor micronutrient addition increased the concentrations of individual and total SCFAs of 21-day piglets and increased metabolism mainly involving amino acids, pyrimidine, and purine biosynthesis. Collectively, maternal methyl-donor micronutrient addition altered gut microbiota and the fecal metabolic profile, resulting in an improved weaning weight of offspring piglets.

scholarly journals A comparison of fecal sampling and direct feeding observations for quantifying the diet of a frugivorous primate

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-343
Author(s):  
Jaya K Matthews ◽  
Amanda Ridley ◽  
Beth A Kaplin ◽  
Cyril C Grueter
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Food Species ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Very High ◽  
Fecal Sampling

Abstract Both observational and indirect evidence are widely used to determine the diets of wild animals. Direct observations are often assumed to provide the most comprehensive reflection of diet, but many wild animals are logistically challenging to observe. Despite the regular use of observational and indirect methods for inferring diet in wild animals, they have rarely been compared in detail for the same study population. Over 12 months this study assessed the congruence of methods in estimating the diet of a montane community of eastern chimpanzees Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda using observational scan samples and macroscopic fecal inspection. The assessment of the number of food species consumed each month was comparable between methods, but the estimation of the composition of items in the diet differed significantly. Most notably, the fecal samples significantly underestimated the consumption of flowers, and certain fruit species, which based on direct behavioral observations were seasonally consumed at very high rates. Conversely, direct observations underestimated the consumption of leaves and pith in comparison to results present in the fecal samples. These results suggest that combining methods where possible is most useful for accurate monitoring of dietary trends, particularly for species that experience significant seasonal shifts in their diet.

scholarly journals VI. Further experiments upon the blood volume of mammals and its relation to the surface area of the body

1912 ◽  
Vol 202 (282-293) ◽  
pp. 191-212 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
The Individual

In previous papers* we have shown that the blood volume of normal and healthy mammals, such as rabbits, guinea-pigs, and mice, is satisfactorily expressed by the formula B = W n / k , where B is the blood volume in cubic centimetres, W the weight of the individual in grammes, n approximately ⅔, and k a constant (calculated from the experiments), which varies with the particular species of animal. This formula indicates that the smaller and lighter animals of any given species, which have a relatively greater body surface than the heavier ones, have also a relatively greater blood volume—in other words, the blood volume can be expressed as a function of the body surface , and it must therefore be misleading to express it in per cent, of the body weight, since when so expressed it is not a constant for any given species of mammal. As it was of interest to ascertain whether wild animals of closely allied species would differ greatly as regards their blood volume from the above-mentioned tame animals, we have determined the blood volume of hares, wild rabbits, and wild rats.

scholarly journals Clonal diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolates in fecal samples of wild animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 364 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Cristóvão ◽  
Carla Andrea Alonso ◽  
Gilberto Igrejas ◽  
Margarida Sousa ◽  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

scholarly journals Is release of rehabilitated wildlife with embedded lead ammunition advisable? Plumbism in a Jaguar Panthera Onca (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae), survivor of gunshot wounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 19808-19812
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. Díaz ◽  
Carolina Sáenz ◽  
E. Santiago Jiménez ◽  
David A. Egas ◽  
Kelly Swing
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Lead Intoxication ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Lead Ammunition ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Lead poisoning is a threat to wildlife, particularly after ingestion of lead ammunition derived from hunting activities. Little information, however, is available concerning plumbism in wild animals that survive the trauma associated with gunshot wounds. This study presents a possible example of lead intoxication by embedded pellets in a Jaguar Panthera onca nineteen months after being injured by a shotgun blast. In addition, the possible path of incorporation of lead into the trophic chain after the eventual release and death of an impacted animal, thereby expanding and prolonging the toxic effects of lead ammunition, is discussed. Direct intoxication by ammunition retained in the body of wild animals, as well as the indirect impacts on predators and scavengers that consume their flesh, should be sufficient reasons to reconsider the release of individuals with embedded lead ammunition into the wild.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document