scholarly journals EXTERIOR INFLUENCE OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY FIRST-CALF HEIFERS ON THE FORMATION OF THEIR FURTHER MILK PRODUCTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Poslavska ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
P. V. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Chest Girth

Selection and breeding work, which is responsible for realization and further improvement of genetic potential of animals, has a significant role in solving problems of industry competitiveness of dairy sector. Increase of animal productivity due to better development of those body parts which impact on milk productivity directly or indirectly, and elimination of some defects in appearance, affecting on various economic useful traits of animals may be one of the breeding work directions. Considering the above mentioned, the aim of our research was to study dependence of milk productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows on their body measurements during the period of their first lactation. The research was conducted at Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows in "Milk rivers" LLC of Sokal district, Lviv region. Exterior of first-сalf heifers (measurements of withers height, the depth of the chest, chest width, chest girth for scapula, oblique body length (by stick), width in hips, girth of metacarpus) and evaluation of dairy cow productivity during the first, second, third and better lactation (milk yield, fat content in milk, the amount of milk fat) were carried out according to the data of zootechnical accounting (during last 30 years). It was revealed that the experimental first-calf heifers had proportional development of a body, a deep and voluminous chest. Withers height was 131,0, chest depth – 73,1, chest width – 45,2, chest girth for scapula – 192,7, oblique body length – 156,3, width in hips – 51,8 and girth of metacarpus – 18,6 cm. It should be noted that the animals on most of the evaluated measurements, slightly, but prevailed the target parameters for the desired type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle (exception – chest width). Narrow chests of the first-calf heifers were inherited from Holstein bull-sires, which for the recent decades, have widely been used in domestic herds of cattle. The variability level of the investigated measurements of a body was low; it testifies the consolidation of the herd. According to the measurements it was within 3,11–9,79 %. It should be noted that measurements of chest width (9,79 %) and width in hips (8,11 %) were observed with the highest variability. The milk yields of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows of the herd were 3728,2 kg during the first lactation, 3936,8 kg during the second, 4375,2 kg during the third and 4446,3 kg during the best, fat content in milk – 3,86; 3,80; 3,78 and 3,82 % respectively and the amount of milk fat – 143,8; 149,7; 165,5 and 169,8 kg. As a result of the research we found the dependence of milk productivity of the cows on their body measurements during the first lactation. The highest milk yield and the amount of milk fat were characterized for animals, which withers height was 130–132, the depth of the chest – 74–76, the width of the chest – 43–45, chest girth – 195–199, oblique body length – 155–159, width in hips – 55–57, girth of metacarpus – 18,1–19,0 cm during the first lactation. According to the abovementioned indicators of milk productivity, they exceeded animals of all other experimental groups, but this predominance was significant only in some cases. High significant relationships between exterior measurements of the first-calf heifers and their further milk production were revealed. The correlation coefficients between body measurements of first-calf heifers and milk yields, depending on measurement and lactation, were within 0,100-0,388, between body measurements and fat content in milk – within 0,145–0,347 and between body measurements and the amount of milk fat – within 0,132–0,388, and share of impact of measurements on these indicators of milk productivity – within 8,68–36,38; 10,80–28,42 and 8,83–34,96 % respectively.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE BODY MEASUREMENTS COWS UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED AFTER THE FIRST CALVING ON THE FORMATION OF FURTHER MILK PRODUCTIVITI

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
М. І. Kuziv ◽  
Е. І. Fedorovych ◽  
N. M. Kuziv ◽  
I. V. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Pelvic Bones ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Dairy Breed

The productivity cow dairy breed largely depends on the careful evaluation and selection of animals by milk production and the type of exterior. The estimation of animals by measuring of body plays an important role in plant-breeding work in the process of further improvement of the newly formed Ukrainian dairy breeds by the type. It’s because exterior is one of the main signs of breeding dairy cattle together with indicators of milk production, reproductive ability and productive longevity. The aim of research was to investigate the formation of milk productivity of cows black and white dairy cattle based on their body measurements after the first calving. The research was done on animals Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant-breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. The body measurements of first calving cows (height at withers and depth of chest, breast width, chest girth, scythe body length, the width of the pelvic bones and metacarpus circumference cow) and milk productivity (the milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) cows first, second, third and better lactation were studied by the materials zoo technical accounting. The force of influence on performance metrics was calculated by Single-factor disperse analysis method. The results of research were treated by variational statistics by G.F. Lakin. Established that the milk yield of cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle depends on body measurements after the first calving. The cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in Western Ukraine that after the first calving had a height at the withers 134-136,9 cm, depth of chest – 76 cm or more, chest width – 47 cm or more, chest girth by shoulder blades – 196-203,9 cm, scythe body length – 160-164,9 cm, the width of the pelvic bones – 53 cm and metacarpus circumference cow –19-20,4 cm, are the most productive. Animals with these measurements of the body most of the largest number of yield milk and milk fat had probable advantage over cows with other indicators of these measurements. By the fat content in milk by the first, second, third and better lactation there was no significant difference between animals with different body measurements after the first calving in most cases. Among the studied parameters milk productivity of cows and measurements of their bodies after first calving we found varying strength and direction of correlation. The correlation coefficients between body measurements firstborns and yield milk by the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and depended on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,297 to +0,478. Between such measurements of firstborns, as the height at the withers, the depth of chest, width of chest, chest girth in blades, the width of the pelvic bones and with fat content in milk for the first, second, third and better lactation correlation coefficients were though low, but positive, and dependently on measurements and lactation were within +0,026 – +0,109. The correlation coefficients between the oblique body length after the first calving cows and fat content in milk were negative (-0,045 – -0,005) and between metacarpus circumference and fat ranged from negative to positive values (-0,038 – +0,017). The correlation coefficients between measurements body in firstborn and milk fat yield in the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,288 to +0,473. The likely positive correlation coefficient between soundings article body and yield milk and milk fat yield indicates that selection of cows by exterior will ensure the effectiveness of selection by milk productivity. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the milk yield value dependently on lactation yield was 7,6-22,9 %, on the yield of milk fat – 7,1-22,9 %. The greatest influence on these indicators were height at the withers, the depth of the chest, chest girth shoulder blades and scythe body length, somewhat lower impact had breast width and the width of the pelvic bones and lowest – metacarpus circumference. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the fat content in milk was negligible and, dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from 0,1 to 1,6 %.

COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS IN SERF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE»

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holyosa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Selection Of

The main goal of dairy breeds selection should be improving breeding and productive qualities of animals under modern conditions. The majority of farms, using native breeds to produce milk, has created optimal conditions for keeping and feeding, selection and matching, growing of replacements etc. Further improvement of created native dairy breeds for economically useful traits occurs at total use of purebred Holstein bulls (semen) of foreign selection. In order to realistically assess milk productivity (milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield) of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cows should be conducted a comparative analysis of Holstein cows under the same conditions of feeding and keeping. It was established that Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows were characterized by the highest milk yields for 305 days of all lactations, taken into account, the among three investigated breeds. Their milk yield during the first lactation was 5933 kg of milk, during the second – 6393 kg, the third – 6391 kg and during higher lactation – 6650 kg. Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows were second by milk yield (except for the second lactation), during the first lactation – 5932 kg of milk, the third – 6462 kg and higher – 6541 kg, and Holstein cows were third, during the first lactation – 5794 kg of milk, the second – 6381 kg, the third – 6335 kg and higher – 6469 kg. The fat content was almost the same and varied within 3.49-3.58% in milk of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, 3.50-3.60% in milk of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and 3.50-3.56% in Holsteins’ milk. The difference between the breeds was within 0.01-0.04%. All the investigated breeds had predominance in fat yield for three lactations over standards of these breeds: Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows from 75.1 to 93.4 kg, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows – 75.1-89.0 kg respectively and Holstein cows – 41.9-60.2 kg. It was found different level of positive correlation between milk yield and fat yield in all the cases and high correlation (r = 0.604-0.921, P < 0.001) in five cases (41.7%) Negative correlation coefficients indicate that selection of animals to higher milk yield in the herd will decrease the second trait – fat content in milk. Positive and highly significant correlation between milk yield and fat yield indicates that selection of cows in the herd to higher milk yields will increase fat yield. It was revealed that bulls were among the factors impacted the milk productivity (milk yield, fat content, fat yield) of three investigated breeds. So, the force (η²x) of father’s impact on milk yield was15.4-47.9%, fat content – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7% taking into account a lactation and a breed. The force of lines impact (η²x) was second; it was on milk yield 6.1-24.5%, fat content – 4.1-17.1 and fat yield – 5.8-23.5%. The force of breeds impact (η²x) was last; it was on milk yield 0.3-2.9%, fat content – 0.2-0.3% and fat yield – 0.6-2.7%. So, the comparative studies of milk productivity of Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White Dairy cattle with Holsteins indicate that under similar conditions of feeding and keeping, these native breeds can compete with Holstein cattle. The milk yield for 305 days of higher lactation was 6650 kg of milk in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows, 6541 kg in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows and 6469 kg in Holsteins. It was found the inverse correlation r = -0.025-0.316 between milk yield and fat content in milk in most cases. Selection and matching of animals in the herd should be carried out simultaneously on these traits. It was found positive repeatability of milk yields between the first and second, the third and higher lactations (rs = 0.036-0.741), indicating the reliability of forecasting increase in milk productivity during the next lactations in all herd. Bulls have the greatest impact (η²x) on milk productivity among the factors taken into account: milk yield – 15.4-47.9%, fat content in milk – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7%.

scholarly journals The influence of genotypic factors on the forming of the economic use of values of ukrainian bleck and wheat milk breeds

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Klopenko ◽  
R. Stavetska ◽  
M. Bushtruk ◽  
I. Starostenko ◽  
O. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Selection Of

The evaluation of dairy cows` exterior plays a key role in the system of breeding because well-defined breed typology and high exterior evaluation cause high production efficiency. The objective of the study was to evaluate the exterior of the cows in Ukrainian Black and White dairy breed, to analyze the effectiveness of the selection of first-calf cows according to the body measurements and to study the influence of genotype factors on the formation of the exterior. For research purpose animal groups were formed on the principle of analogues, taking into account the part of Holstein inheritance, parentage, linear belonging, and age. Depending on the part of Holstein inheritance researched livestock was divided into three groups: 75,0-87,4 %, 87,5-99,9 % and 100 %. As a result of our own research it has been established that simultaneously with an increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance the body measurements increase too. It indicates about the improving effect of the Holstein breed on the formation of the exterior in the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed. The first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 100 % have advantages over the cows with the same age with part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 % with the withers height – 4 cm (P < 0,001), sacrum height – 4 cm (P <0.001), depth of chest – 1 cm, width of chest – 1 cm, width of hips – 1 cm, length of thoracic – 3 cm, chest girth – 2 cm, width of pins – 1 cm (P <0,001); the advantage over the first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % was 3 cm in withers height, 2 cm in sacrum height and 1 cm in all other cases. An increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance is accompanied by an increasing of milk yield, milk fat and milk protein. The higher milk yield had cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % – by 294 kg compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and by 2017 kg (P < 0,001) compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %. Fat content in milk of cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % was lower by 0,02 % compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and 0,21 % (P < 0,001) compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %, it was expected – the higher milk yield, the lower fat content in milk. The effectiveness of the simultaneous complex selection of dairy cattle on several grounds depends on the existence of correlation between them. The correlation between the body measurements of cows and 305-milk yield is positive, but varied in strength. The average strength of the correlation is observed between the milk yield and withers height (r = +0,233, P < 0,001), milk yield and length of thoracic (r = +0,332, P < 0,01), in other cases, the strength of the correlation is weak, but with sacrum height (P < 0,01), chest girt (P < 0,01) and depth of chest (P < 0,05) is significant. One-factor dispersion analysis was carried out to determine the level of determinism of live weight and body measurements by genotype factors. According to the results it was established that the influence of the bull's origin on the live weight of their first-calf daughters was 72,8 %, on the body measurements – 31,5- 91,3 %, the influence of line belonging amounted 81,0 % and 36,1-69,4 %, the influence of the part of Holstein inheritance was 26,3 % and 15,9-39,5 %, respectively. All genotypic factors have a significant effect on the live weight of the first-calf cows (P < 0,05 ... 0,001), withers height (P < 0,05...0,01), width of chest (P < 0,01...0,001) and width of pins (P < 0,05...0,001). Thus, the greatest influence on the body measurements and live weight of first-calf cows has the bull's origin, just below – the line belonging, the lowest – the part of Holstein inheritance, but in all cases it is rather high. It was established that for improvement of the cows` exterior will be promote the using of bulls and lines that have the desirable indicators of live weight and body measurements of daughters, as well as animals with a high part of Holstein inheritance, which have by good exterior characteristics. For effective selection it is needed to use of detected correlations between milk yield and body measurements. Key words: exterior, body measurements, part of Holstein inheritance, bull's origin, milk productivity.

Milk productivity of cows of different ages under the conditions of the dairy complex «Ryzhovo»

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
G. Rodionov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
L. Tabakova ◽  
G. Tabakov ◽  
A. Olesyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Breeding Mode ◽  
Favorable Conditions

When production of milk in industrial volumes it is necessary to monitor all processes aff ecting its quantity and quality: animal feeding, breeding, mode and method of milking, herd reproduction, labour organization in the dairy complex, creating favorable conditions for cows that correspond to physiological characteristics. The dairy industry continues to impose higher and higher demands on milk, so in addition to improving the milk productivity of cows, we must not forget about the quality of the product. The issues of milk yield of cows, fat and protein, yield of milk fat and protein, somatic cells in milk of cows of Black-and-White breed for a number of lactations in terms of the dairy complex “Ryzhovo” have been considered in the article. It has been noted be researches that in the 1st and 2nd lactations milk yield of animals was 10 621 and 10 553 kg, respectively. The highest productivity of the cows has reached in the 3rd and 4th lactations 11 365 and 11 655 kg, respectively, after which, in the 5th lactation there was a decrease in milk yield to 10 592 kg. When considering fat content for diff erent lactations, positive dynamics up to the 4th lactation inclusive has been revealed. Thus, the fat content in milk for the 1st lactation was 3,61 %, for 2nd – 3,68 %, for 3rd – 3,93 % and 4th – 4,00 %. In the 5th lactation fat content decreased to 3,78 %. It has been found when calculating the yield of milk fat in experimental cows for lactation that up to the 4th lactation inclusive the indicator increases: for the 1st lactation received 383 kg of milk fat, 2nd – 388 kg, 3rd – 447 kg, 4th – 466 kg, and for the 5th lactation, the decrease in the index to 400 kg. At the same time the yield of milk fat for the 5th lactation exceeds the 1st and 2nd. The protein content in the milk of cows of diff erent ages during the fi rst four lactations increases from 3,18 to 3,43 %. Then, in the 5th lactation there is the decrease in protein content to 3,35 %, however, this fi gure is second only to the highest the 4th lactation. It has been established that before the 3rd lactation the number of somatic cells in milk increases, then in the 4th lactation this indicator decreases (151,25 thousand/cm3 ) and in the 5th lactation reaches a maximum (242,27 thousand/cm3).

scholarly journals USEFUL FEATURES OF DAIRY COWS AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Mazur ◽  
Ye. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Selection Of

A fundamental genetic improvement of domestic dairy breeds is carried out by using the gene pool of the best foreign breeds, in particular Holstein. This approach has greatly improved the milk productivity of cows, but has led to a significant deterioration in reproduction, longevity, product quality, general animal health etc. Taking into account that the increase of the milk productivity of cows leads to a shortening of their use, this problem will only become aggravated over time. Therefore, it is now necessary to direct scientific research into a comprehensive assessment of animals taking into account the signs of lifelong productivity. In view of the above, the purpose of our research was to study the economic utility signs of dairy cows and their relationship with productive longevity. The research was conducted on cows of Holstein (n = 2902), Ukrainian Black- (n = 14876) and Red-and-White (n = 2176) dairy breeds. To characterize the economic useful signs of animals of the studied breeds based on the materials of the primary zootechnical and breeding records, weighed growth of animals, reproductive capacity, milk productivity and duration and efficiency of lifetime use were studied. It was established that heifers of investigated dairy breeds were characterized by a moderate intensity of growth of live weight, as evidenced by average daily increments from birth to 18 months of age: in animals of Holstein breed – 644, Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breed – 641 and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed 692 g. The first fruitful insemination of heifers of the Holstein breed occurred on average at the age of 19.1, Ukrainian Black and Red-and-White dairy breeds - 20.4 and 20.8 months, while their live weight at that was 405.3; 414.3 and 438.5 kg respectively. The milk yield of the Holstein breed cows, depending on the lactation, was 4846–7920 kg, the fat content in milk was 3.63–3.74% and the amount of milk fat was 181.2–279.7 kg, the Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breed was 4008–6317 kg, 3.63–3.70% and 148.6–228.8 kg respectively, while Ukrainian Red-and-White milk is 4578–6592 kg, 3.74–3.87% and 177.2–245.9 kg. The cows of the given breeds were used in herds only 2.32–2.50 lactation. The highest life milk yield was noted in animals of the Holstein breed (18,669 kg), and the lowest (14,940 kg) in the cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White breed. Correlation analysis of economic characteristics of dairy cows with indicators of their productive longevity confirms the possibility of conducting an indirect predictive selection of animals in order to form high-yielding herds with long-term economic use. Among the studied features, the greatest predictive value (P < 0.001) for the indicators of life expectancy, productive use, lactation, the number of lactation per life, life yield and lifetime of milk fat have yield of cows for the first (r = -0.217 – +0.205) and the best lactation (r = +0.061 – +0.609). An intermediary predictive selection of animals can also be carried out according to the duration of their first service period (r = -0.462 – +0.106) and live weight during growing season (r = -0.286 – +0.126). It was established that live weight at the first insemination and the first calving significantly influenced the indicators of life yields, economic use and lactation of animals, as evidenced mainly by higher and reliable values of correlation coefficients between these indices. It should also be noted that the correlation coefficients between the live weight of cows in the first calving and the duration of life, productive use, lactation and the number of lactations in life were somewhat higher but negative values (r = -0,130 – -0,070), compared with the between live weight at the time of first insemination and the above indicators of longevity of animals (r = -0,037 – +0,094). This suggests that the effect of live weight on the first calving of animals on their longevity was somewhat higher than the effect of live weight at the first insemination. Our data show that the selection of cows by the age of the first calving and the duration of the first lactation is not significant, since there is practically no link between these features and the indicators of productive longevity.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPE FEATURES APPEARANCE OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT UKRAINIAN DAIRY BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED COWS GENOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pendyuk ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
A Share

The main task of breeding in dairy cattle breeding is to raise dairy productivity of cows. Improvement of productive qualities of domestic dairy cattle with the use of Holstein breeders of high breeding value led to serious disadvantages, including impairment of animal health, reproductive capacity and quality of milk. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to examine the milk productivity of cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and ascertain the relationship between quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk. Research conducted at agricultural limited liability company "Lishche" Lutsk district of Volyn region on cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. 5 groups of animals were formed: I − cows with a proportion of Holstein breed 75% or less, II − with a share Holstein heredity 75.1–81.25%, III − Holstein heredity share 81.26–87.50%, ІV − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein 87.51–93.75% and V − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein more than 93.75%. Evaluation of milk productivity was carried out by milk yield, fat content in milk and the amount of milk fat for the first, second, third and highest lactations according to the data of zootechnical accounting. It was found that the largest number of animals under control (33.7%) was with the relative share of Holstein heredity of 81.26–87.50%, and the lowest (9.3%) was with relative share of the Holstein breed's heredity more than 93.75%. Analysis of the level of milk yield of cows of different genotypes showed that the increase of Holstein heredity increases milk yields, however, significantly reduces the fat content of milk. If the animals have a share of Holstein heredity up to 75% the milk yields was 5154, and the amount of milk fat − 199.7 kg, and cows with hereditary of 75.10–81.25% showed figures increased by 16.4 and 15.5%, with Holstein heredity 81.26–87.50% by 23.3 and 20.8%, Holstein heredity 87.51–93.75% for 26.1 and 23.2% and with Holstein heredity more than 93.75% for 34.8 and 31.4%, and fat content in milk, on the contrary, decreased, depending on the genotype of animals, by 1.6–2.3%. In all in the above cases, these changes were highly significant (P < 0.001). The effectiveness of breeding on increasing the milk productivity of cows depends on the efficiency of selection and selection of animals, taking into account the phenotypic and genetic correlation between economically useful features. It was found that the studied cows of all genotypes had highest highly reliable (P < 0.001) positive values of correlation coefficients between milk yield and milk fat (Table 2). These features are the most predicted because strong relationship between them (r = 0.912–0.987). There was also observed direct positive ligament (r = 0.039–0.533, P < 0.05–0.001) between fat content in milk and milk fat content, and mostly weak, and only in some cases correlation coefficients had average values. The cows of the studied genotypes had the lowest and for the most part unreliable values of relative variability by the milk yields and fat content milk. The heifers with conditional share of Holstein heredity, more than 75% had negative and weak relationship features, and the older cows were diversified from weak to average values. One of the reliable criteria for determining the level of heredity of features is the coefficient of frequency, which indicates their heredity stability in age. Coefficients of age-related frequency of milk yield, fat content of milk and the highest milk fat content of cows with a conditional share of Holstein heredity of up to 75% had indicating a higher degree of heredity of these features compared to high half-bred cows. With the increasing of heredity of the Holstein breed the genotype of controlled animals values were decreasing for the most part. The most significant and reliable (P < 0.001) genotype of animals affected milk yields (13.3–18.1% of the total variability of this feature), less – the fat content of milk (9.3–13.2% (P < 0.001) and the amount of milk fat (6.6–14.1% (P < 0.001), with the highest genotype influence on the studied features indicated in the first lactation.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

The effectiveness of use RUSMA additive in the rations of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
S. Sukhanova ◽  
N. Pozdnyakova ◽  
F. Yaroslavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of researches on the development of new mineral feed additives based on raw materials produced by Uralchem and the study of the eff ectiveness of their use in the rations of lactating cows have been presented in the article. The experiment has been carried out in the conditions of LLC “PF Barabinskoe” in the Dalmatovsky area in the Kurgan region where 3 groups of lactating cows of Black-and-White breed have been formed. Animals in the control group have been received the ration adopted in the farm, the 1st experimental group with the additive RusMA No. 1 at a dose of 150 g, the 2nd experimental group– with the additive RusMA No. 2 at the dose of 350 g. The use of experimental mineral additives in feeding lactating cows allowed us to increase their milk productivity and profi tability of production. At the same time, the best eff ectiveness was shown by the additive RusMA No. 2 at the dose of 350 g/head/day. The use of RusMA additives during the experiment period (105 days) allowed to increase the milk productivity of cows in the 1st experimental group by 6,03 % and in the 2nd experimental group by 8,24 %. Taking into account the fat content in milk, this diff erence was 6,31 and 8,53 %, respectively. The energy value of milk from cows of the experimental groups was higher compared to the control group by 2,45 and 1,76 %, respectively. According to the content of dry matter in milk, cows of the 2nd experimental group exceeded the control and 1st experimental group by 0,39 and 0,12 abs.%, respectively. The maximum milk fat content has been observed in the milk of cows of the 1st experimental group by 0,03 and 0,01 abs.% more than in the control and 2nd experimental groups, respectively. In terms of protein content, the cows of the 2nd experimental group signifi cantly exceeded the control group by 0,10 abs.% and the 1st experimental by 0,04 abs.%. The content of milk sugar in the 2nd experimental group was higher than in the control by 0,30 abs.% and compared to the 1st experimental by 0,11 %. Signifi cantly more calcium and phosphorus were contained in the milk of cows of the 2nd experimental group by 4,58 % (Р ≤ 0,001) and 2,86 % (Р ≤ 0,05), compared with the control group. The expenditures of feed in the EFU for the production of 1 kg of milk in animals of the 2nd experimental group was less by 5,13 % than in control cows and by 2,63 % compared to the 1st experimental group. The prime cost of 1 centner of milk was lower in the 2nd experimental group by 3,94 %, in the 1st experimental group by 2,65 % compared to the control group. The level of profi tability of milk production in the 2nd experimental group was higher by 9,0 and 1,0 abs.% in comparison with the control and 1st experimental groups, respectively.

Effects of protected vegetable fats on rumen metabolism and productivity dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
A. V. Golovin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Feed Costs

In a scientific economic experiment conducted in the experimental farm «Klenovo-Chegodaevo» (Moscow) on three groups of Holsteinized black-and-white cows with a milk yield of 7000 kg of milk per lactation, 10 heads in each, it was found that the inclusion in the diet of cows of the experimental groups tested protected fats (hydrogenated and fractionated) in the amount of 300 g per head per day, contributed to the tendency for more intensive metabolic processes in the rumen due to a slight increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids by 5,6–7,4% and an increase in the mass of microorganisms in the contents of the rumen by 5,4–14,4% (P≥0,05). At the same time, an increase in the concentration of metabolic energy in the dry matter of the cows ration from 10,7 to 11,0 MJ / kg in the period from 21 to 120 days of lactation, due to the inclusion of protected fats in the diet of cows from the experimental groups, contributed to an increase in milk yield 4% fat content for 100 days of the experiment by 9,7% and 11,0% (P≤0,05), compared with the control, as well as the production of milk fat and protein, respectively by 9,6–11,0% (P≤0,05 in the second case) and 7,4–8,3%, feed costs expressed in ME decreased by 4,9–5,2%.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT ASSESSMENT METHODS OF BREEDING BULLS OF BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED BY THE OFFSPRING QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
E. I. Anisimova E. I. ◽  
◽  
P. S. Katmakov ◽  
A. V. Bushov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Ideal Line

The paper presents results of assessing black-and-white bulls by the quality of the offspring with application of different methods. The evaluation of bulls was carried out with application of the “daughter-mother” method in the conditions of Volzhsky Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation. The valuation showed that the bulls Aist 7 and Muscat 8 increased milk yield of daughters, in comparison with mothers, by 951 and 486 kg, or by 26.7 and 12.9%. The rest of the servicing bulls reduced milk yield of the offspring by 46 - 1019 kg (1.1 - 24.7%). When assessing the bulls using the “daughterpeer” method, the highest milk productivity was shown by the descendants of Sazan 25 and Aist 7 of Vis Back Ideal line, which surpassed their peers in milk yield by 273 and 419 kg, or by 3.8 and 5.7%, respectively. The producers Snop 57 (his 17 daughters had average milk yield of 4224 kg for the first lactation with milk fat of 3.80%) and Muscat 8 (with an average milk yield of daughters of 4254 kg , milk fat - 3.83%) are also of significant value for the breeding work of this farm. According to the assessment results, the producer Aist 7 was assigned to the breeding category of A1 of milk yield improvers. Bulls Sazan 25 and Muscat 8 are also rated as daughters’ milk yield improvers and are categorized as A2 and A3. All bulls evaluated by comparing daughters to the breed standards are improvers of daughters’ milk yield (+ 454-1860 kg).

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