scholarly journals The content of exchangeable potassium in the soil depending on the method of tillage and meteorological factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Ya. A. Pogromska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article is a continuation of a series of publications on the results of the study of nutrient elements in the soil-plant system against the background of global and regional climate change, given the possibility of minimizing tillage. In the conditions of stationary field experiment on ordinary chernozem (Calcic Chernozem) in the Donetsk region for five years (1994-1998) it was monitored the content of exchangeable potassium in the arable layer of the soil under the row crop corn within the grain-growing crop rotation on the options of plowing and subsurface non-turning tillage under the same mineral fertilizer system. At the same time, the dynamics of precipitation and air and soil temperature were recorded. According to the results of research, it is a steady effect of meteorological factors on the level of potassium nutrition of plants and a general tendency to decrease the average level of exchangeable potassium contents in the soil under vegetative plants of maize within the arable layer, mainly due to layers of 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. It is shown that for plowing the optimum of humidity of the previous year is characterized by hydrothermal coefficient of Selianinov (HTC) 1.0, and for subsurface non-turning tillage - 1.25. With a very dry (HTC 1.5), subsurface non-turning tillage may be more favorable for potassium mobility. But within the HTC 0.5-1.5 is more acceptable plowing. It is determined that the refusal to plowing leads to a decrease in the dependence of potassium mobility in the soil layer 0-30 cm on temperature, protecting from temperature fixation of potassium, and enhances the influence of the humidification regime in May. But dry and cool autumn is a likely cause of reduced potassium mobility without plowing. All conclusions are confirmed by the results of correlation, regression and variance (ANOVA) analysis.

scholarly journals Weediness and yield of winter wheat depending on the basic elements of farming system

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00144
Author(s):  
V. G. Kutilkin ◽  
S.N. Zudilin ◽  
S. N. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Fertilizer System

Through the period of 1977–2018, studies were conducted on three experimental fields of the Samara State Agricultural Academy with the purpose of studying the influence of the basic elements of the farming system on the weediness and the yield of winter wheat. Experimental schemes included the following options: the type of fallow in the crop rotation (black, seeded and green-manured), fertilizer systems (organic-mineral recommended, organic-mineral intensive and organic) and various methods and depths of soil tillage of fallow lands. Observations and surveys were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the plots was ordinary chernozem and typical medium-thick loamy chernozem (humus content was from 6.0 to 8.3 %, mobile phosphorus was from 90 to 155 mg/kg, exchange potassium was from 129 to 190 mg/kg, pHsalt was from 6.3 to 6.8). Replacing black fallow with seeded or green-manured fallow increased the weediness of crops 1.4–1.6 times and reduces the yield of winter wheat by 0.29–1.03 t/ha. Organic fertilizer systems significantly changed the weed species compositions and contributed to an increase in the number of perennials by a factor of 3.0, and their masses by a factor of 1.3–1.4 in comparison with organic-mineral fertilizer system. Organic-mineral fertilizer systems did not have a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat. The organic fertilizer system led to a slight (0.26–0.31 t/ha) grain shortage compared with organic-mineral. The methods and depths of soil tillage did not have a practically significant effect on the weediness and yield of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Main elements of nutrition content in the soil for maize crops, depending on the predecessors and methods of soil treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01103
Author(s):  
Alexey Kozhukhov ◽  
Alexander Gurin ◽  
Svetlana Rezvyakova
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Land Control

The article presents data on the study of the main nutrition elements in the soil under maize crops, depending on the predecessors and methods of soil treatment in the conditions of ordinary Chernozem. The object of research is a Krasnodarsky 194MV hybrid of maize. Variants: 1. Fallow arable land (control); 2. Lupine as green manure; 3. Peas as green manure; 4. Binary sowing of lupine and peas as green manure; 5. Soy as green manure. The experiment was repeated three times, field placement was randomized, and area of each was 120 m². Agrotechnics of maize cultivation in the experiment corresponded to the recommendations for this zone. Green manure was plowed in during its reproduction phase. In the variants with green mass plowing to a depth of 23–25 cm, the largest amount of nitrate nitrogen was in the soil layer 0–20 cm. In the specified soil horizon, before sowing maize, the content of nitrate nitrogen ranged, depending on the variant, from 24.7 mg/kg to 42.8 mg/kg. In the soil layer 20–40 cm, the amount of nitrogen was lower, just 19.4–29.5 mg/kg. Similar dependence was observed for maize during its flowering phase. Tillage methods had almost no effect on the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil layer (0–20 cm). As in all the variants, the differences in this indicator were within the experimental error. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen during the growing season was different. The greatest amount of it was observed during the spring period, both in versions with plowing to a depth of 25–28 cm and in versions with blade loosening to a depth of 10–12 cm. The smallest amount of available phosphorus, regardless of the method of soil preparation, in the layer 0–20 cm was on fallow arable land – 122 mg/kg during the sowing period and 104 mg/kg during the flowering period. In variants with cultivation of legumes as green manure, the content of available phosphorus in the specified horizon was significantly chigher, being 147–171 mg/kg. The highest content of exchangeable potassium was provided by lupine – 209–213 mg/kg in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and lupine sown together with peas – 196–207 mg/kg. The minimum amount of exchangeable potassium was 143–146 mg/kg in fallow arable land, depending on the method of soil treatment.

scholarly journals CHANGE IN THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM DEPENDING ON MINIMIZING THE BASIC SOIL TILLAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Mars Ilyasov ◽  
Irina Suhanova ◽  
Liliya Bikkinina ◽  
Valentin Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer System

The possibility of minimizing the main tillage in crop rotation, the use of a fertilizer system in order to develop methods for increasing productivity and improving agrophysical characteristics on leached chernozem of the Republic of Tatarstan is investigated. The stationary field experience in crop rotation was laid in 2016 on a busy pair (vetch-oat mix), where various systems of primary tillage were studied: annual dump plowing - control option; dump plowing, planar loosening, longline plowing, chisel loosening - in subsequent years by surface peeling. The data obtained in field experiments indicate that, using various primary tillage and fertilizer systems, agrophysical properties can be regulated, and conditions can be created for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility of leached chernozem. The organic and mineral fertilizer system contributed to an increase in the moisture content in the meter soil layer by 2.1-16.1 mm compared to the mineral fertilizer system. Studies have shown that the introduction of manure at a rate of 60 tons per hectare before rotation of the crop rotation in 2016 contributed to a decrease in bulk density in the 0-40 cm layer compared to the LSG to 0.04 g/cm3. The water permeability of the soil depended on the depth and system of tillage, its moisture content and the crop grown. The use of a tiered soil cultivation system contributed to an increase in wheat yields for both fertilizer backgrounds by 0.8 tons per hectare (OMSU) and 0.7 tons per hectare (MSU), respectively, in comparison with the control variant. Calculations showed that the use of longline plowing in combination with small-scale processing using the organic-mineral fertilizer system ensured a reduction in the cost of main products compared to traditional waste processing to 12%, a net income growth from 1 ha to 15% and a profitability level to 22% .

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON RUNOFF FROM THE LAKE ONEGO WATERSHED

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
L. E. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

As a result of the statistical analysis of the meteorological and water balance data for Onego Lake watershed over the period 1950-2000, noticeable changes were detected. It was found that time series of annual air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration over 50-year period contains positive linear trends, but no change in total streamflow to the lake has so far followed. Potential changes in the regional climate and hydrological regime for the period 2000-2050 were estimated using the results of numerical modeling with the ECHAM4/OPYC3 model for two scenarios of the global climate change. The estimation of these data shows that a general tendency to increase of annual air temperature and precipitation will remain in the new climate Mean annual precipitation will increase about 30-50 mm, mean average annual air temperature for the next 50-years period will rise from 1.6 up to 2.7-3.0 °C. Our estimation shows that for both scenarios all water balance parameters, excluding river runoff, will increase.

INFLUENCE OF PLANTS MINERAL NUTRITION ON PROTEIN CONTENT IN SOYBEAN SEEDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
Е. T. Naumchenko ◽  
I. V. Anufrieva
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Seed Yields

The effect of prolonged use of mineral fertilizers on the supply of plants with nutrients and protein content in soybean seeds, on seasonally permafrost soils of the Amur Region was studied. The studies were carried out in a long stationary experiment of five-field crop rotation with 40% saturation of soybeans and 60% with cereals (oats and wheat).It was found that, on average, for five years, the introduction of N30P60 before sowing as a result of prolonged use of the organo-mineral fertilizer system led to an increase in protein content in soybean seeds by 0.4% relative to this parameter in control, without fertilizer. A substantially close correlation was found between the protein content in soybean seeds and the amount of precipitation and Selianinov’s Hydrothermal coefficient of moisture during the stages of bean formation - full seed (R = 0.841 - 0.928, with Rcrit. = 0.754).In this regard, to increase the content and accumulation of protein in soybean seeds, strict observance of the sowing dates of soybean varieties is necessary so that the period of growth plants formation of beans - full seed held in a favorable hydrothermal regime. Under such conditions, the use of nitrogen - phosphorus mineral fertilizers in a long experience ensured the biological productivity of soybeans from 4.1 to 4.4 t / ha, depending on the level of plant nutrition with N and P. There was only a tendency towards an increase in seed yields and protein collection per unit of the sown area when phosphate fertilizers were added at a dose of 60 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Bioenergetic Assessment and Economic Efficiency of Predecessors and Fertilizer Systems in the Cultivation of Winter Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Nikolay Nikolaevich Neshchadim ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Kvashin ◽  
Ksenia Nikolaevna Gorpinchenko ◽  
Yuriy Petrovich Fedulov ◽  
Anatoliy Alekseevich Salfetnikov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The North

The influence of a type of crop rotation, the predecessor and various doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat was examined. The studies were conducted at the North Kuban Agricultural Experimental Station in two 10-field rotations – grain tillage and grain-grass tillage – in the course of a prolonged stationary experiment. The soil was ordinary chernozem, low in humus, deep, with the humus content in the arable (0-30 cm) soil layer equaling to 3.95-4.00% depending on the nutrient status, the content of mineral nitrogen equaling to 5.9-8.3 mg/kg of soil, and the content of exchangeable potassium equaling to 330-360 mg/kg of soil.It has been established that from the point of view of bioenergetic and economic efficiency, the most favorable predecessors for cultivation of winter wheat should be considered sainfoin and winter wheat, and for the rotation of sainfoin – peas. Maize harvested for grain and sugar beet are more time-consuming and energy-consuming tillage predecessors. Among the applied fertilizer systems, the best economic and bioenergetic indicators were obtained by using medium and higher doses of complete mineral fertilizer.  

ОтзывчивостькартофелянаудобрениеипотериурожаяотфитофторозавусловияхСеверо-ЗападаРоссии

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Ivanov ◽  
Zh.A. Ivanova ◽  
O.I. Yakusheva ◽  
P.A. Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Целью комплексного исследования, выполненного в Меньковском филиале АФИ в 20122017 годах была оценка вредоносности возбудителя фитофтороза в зависимости от почвенноагрохимических и погодноклиматических условий. Методической основой исследования служил длительный полевой опыт агрофизический стационар в системе полевого и овощекормового севооборотов, в которых картофель возделывали по обороту пласта многолетних трав после озимой ржи и после ячменя. Объектами исследования служили: картофель раннеспелого сорта Ломоносовский среднеустойчивого к возбудителю фитофтороза по клубням и слабоустойчивого по ботве дерновоподзолистая почва средней, хорошей и высокой степени окультуренности и системы удобрения культуры. Супесчаная почва опыта характеризовалась рНКСl 5,26,3, содержанием гумуса 2,13,7, подвижных соединений P2О5 195676 мг/кг и К2О 97298 мг/кг. На хорошо окультуренной и высокоокультуренной почвах их поддерживали применением под картофель 35 и 70 т/га органических удобрений соответственно. Факторы исследования: степень окультуренности почвы (варианты: средняя, хорошая и высокая) и уровень применения минеральных удобрений в расчете на заданный КПД (коэффициент полезного действия фотосинтетически активной радиации) (варианты: КПД ФАР, 13 без удобрений КПД ФАР, 24 N80P20K100 КПД ФАР, 35 N120P30K150). В ходе комплексного исследования установлены параметры поражения возбудителем фитофтороза и уровень потерь урожая картофеля в зависимости от агроклиматических и почвенноагрохимических условий. Агрономическая эффективность изученных вариантов системы удобрения на культуре картофеля высокая. Уровень прибавок урожайности клубней и окупаемость 1 кг д.в. удобрений достигли 3358 и 8,311,6 з.ед. (зерновых единиц) на минеральной, 2545 и 3,98,0 з.ед. на органической и 3379 и 3,86,7 з.ед. на органоминеральной системе удобрения. В неэпифитотийных условиях (2 из 3 лет наблюдений) на фоне низких и умеренных показателей поражения общие потери урожая составляют 5, а окультуривание почвы и применение органических и минеральных удобрений снижают их на 3080. На эпифитотийном фоне, повторяющемся 1 раз в 3 года, пораженность ботвы и клубней картофеля возрастает в 4,3 и 6,1, интенсивность поражения в 2,8 и 3 и развитие в 12 и 17,5 раза соответственно. В эпифитотийные годы потери урожая возрастают в 5,2 раза (до 26), а минеральная система удобрения сокращает их только на среднеокультуренной почве. На этом фоне повышение степени окультуренности почвы и доз органических удобрений до высокого уровня неэффективно.Late blight is one of the most harmful potato diseases in the NorthWest of Russia. Today, its negative effects are aggravated by weather and climate changes. The goal of a comprehensive study carried out in the Menkovsky branch of the Agrophysical Institute in 2012 2017 was an assessment of the harmfulness of the late blight pathogen depending on soilagrochemical, weather and climate conditions. The methodical basis of the research was a prolonged field agrophysical stationary experiment in the system of field and vegetablefeed crop rotations, where potato was cultivated after winter rye and after barley, which, in turn, were grown after perennial grasses. The objects of the study were potato Lomonosovsky, sodpodzolic soil with different degree of cultivation and fertilizer systems for the culture. Potato Lomonosovsky is early ripening variety, its tubers are medium resistant to the late blight agent, and its tops are weakly resistant to it. The sodpodzolic soil had average, good and high cultivation degree. Sandy loam soil in the experiment had the value of pHKCl of 5.2 6.3, the humus content of 2.1 3.7, the content of mobile P2O5 and K2O compounds of 195 676, 97 298 mg/kg, respectively. In well and highly cultivated soils, these parameters were maintained by the application of 35 and 70 t/ha of organic fertilizers for potato, respectively. The experimental factors were the degree of soil cultivation (average, good and high) and the level of mineral fertilizer application for a given efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR efficiency of 1 3, without fertilizers PAR efficiency of 2 4, N80P20K100 PAR efficiency of 3 5, N120P30K150). In the course of the comprehensive study, the parameters of potato damage by late blight and the level of crop losses were established depending on the agroclimatic soilagrochemical conditions. Agronomic efficiency of the studied variants of the fertilizer system for potato was high. The level of tuber yield increase and payback of 1 kg of fertilizers active substances reached 33 58 and 8.3 11.6 cereal units (CU) for the mineral system, 25 45 and 3.9 8.0 CU for the organic one, and 33 79 and 3.8 6.7 CU for the organic and mineral fertilizer system. Under nonepiphytotic conditions (2 of 3 years of the observation), against the background of low and moderate damage rates, the total yield loss was 5, and the soil improvement and organic and mineral fertilizer application reduced them by 30 80. Against an epiphytotic background, repeated 1 time in 3 years, the damage of tops and potato tubers increases by a factor of 4.3 and 6.1, the intensity of the damage grew 2.8 and 3 times, and the development increases by a factor of 12 and 17.5 times, respectively. In the epiphytotic years, yield losses increased 5.2 times (up to 26), and the mineral fertilizer system reduced them only in medium cultured soil. Against this background, increasing the soil cultivation degree and organic fertilizer doses to a high level is ineffective.

FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AS A WAY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND STABILIZATION OF FIELD CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVENESS

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.

Change of the redox potential in the profile of light grey forest surface-gleyed soil under different anthropogenic

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
O.S. Gavrishko ◽  
Yu.M. Olifir ◽  
T.V. Partyka
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gleyed Soil ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Given

The results of studies of the change in redox potential in the profile of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil on variants with long-term agricultural use without applying fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system solely compared with the soil under the forest are presented. On the basis of the conducted analyzes it was established, that soil tillage without fertilizer application and with mineral fertilizer solely has a different effect on ROP in the profile. In the soil without fertilization (control) as compared to the forest a moderate oxidizing (514 mV) and slightly oxidizing (437 mV) processes are happening. Prolonged application of mineral fertilizers to the soil (N65R68K68) significantly reduced the redox potential of all genetic horizons compared with forest and control without fertilizers. For the given fertilizer system the highest values of ROP were obtained in arable HEgl and underarable HEgl layers: 426 mV and 416 mV respectively. Redox potential sharply decreases with the depth to 398-311 mV, which characterizes processes occurring in the soil profile, as weakly reducing and close to moderately reducing.

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