Physical and Blood Examining Characteristics of Shift Workers Nurses in Pandemic COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ike Rahmawaty Alie ◽  
Yuke Andriane ◽  
Rizki Perdana ◽  
Doni Septiadi Rosady ◽  
Ieva B Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Shift work is a rotating work time outside normal working hours, either rotating with the shift work division method; this shift work can cause changes in metabolism, immunological status, and oxidative status, which will cause inflammation due to changes in circadian rhythms. During this Covid-19 pandemic, nurses who are mostly women in providing 24-hour service also continue to do shift work. There are several risk factors that might be in the Covid- 19 pandemics, such as age, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to look at the physical characteristics of female workers who worked shifts during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the study on 40 nurses who worked at Al Ihsan and Muhamadiyah  Hospitals West Java showed that 50% were over 31 years old, 97.5% of people had worked >5 years, 80% of people worked in the room, the results were as follows: 97.5% systolic blood pressure normal, diatolic 97.5% normal, BMI less 1.5%, normal 40%, excess 32.5%, 25% fat; Fasting blood sugar 92.5% normal, normal ESR 31 people 97.5%, normal cholesterol as much as 100%, normal triglycerides 95%, aerobic capacity (Vo2max) average 35.15±3.18, while cGMP levels 14.28( 1.4-67.7). These results indicate that there are risk factors for COVID-19, such as high BMI and abnormal fasting blood sugar.

scholarly journals Effect of Regular Khat Chewing on Serum Fasting Sugar Level in Diabetic patients versus Healthy Individuals; A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110352
Author(s):  
Yordanos Mengistu ◽  
Gobena Dedefo ◽  
Mesay Arkew ◽  
Gebeyehu Asefa ◽  
Gutema Jebessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewer

Background: Khat chewing is a long standing social-cultural habit in several countries. Even though many people chew khat simply for its pleasurable and stimulatory effect, evidence showed widely-held belief among khat chewers in Ethiopia and other part of the world that khat helps to lower blood glucose while some studies are contradicted on the effect of khat. There is limited data about khat’s effect on blood glucose especially in our setting, Harar estern Ethiopia. Objective: Primarily the present study aims to compare fasting blood sugar level among khat chewer diabetic and healthy individuals, and to asses risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Method: A cross-sectional study included 200 confirmed diabetic and healthy subjects. Fasting blood sugar was determined by enzymatic method glucose oxidase and glucose hexokinase. Glycemic control was also determined for diabetic subjects based on the last 2-month diabetic clinic visits and current measurement. Result: (Median ± IQR [interquartile range]) fasting blood sugar difference among Khat chewer and non khat chewer were 159 ± 83 mg/dl and 202 ± 79 mg/dl respectively in diabetic subjects when tested by glucose oxidase. Similarly, in healthy non khat chewer and khat chewer, khat chewers has lower (Median ± IQR) fasting blood glucose level 82 ± 18 mg/dl than non khat chewers 94 ± 13 mg/dl when tested by glucose oxidase. Regarding risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects, positive parental diabetes history, insulin medication, being overweight, obese were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: There was significant effect of khat on median FBS among khat chewers in diabetic and healthy individuals. And the proportion of glycemic control was high among diabetic subjects. Recommendation: Health care professional and patients should manage the risk factors to delay disease progression and restrain the damage. More studies should be conducted in randomized control trial manner to further elucidate khat effect on blood sugar level so that the actual effect of khat can be identified unlike in cross sectional where there may not be strong causal relationship.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors of Pre-diabetes/Diabetes among University Students: A Cross Sectional-study at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bright Oppong Afranie ◽  
Sampson Donkor ◽  
Simon Koffie ◽  
Selorm Philip Segbefia ◽  
Joseph Badu Gyapong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Kwame Nkrumah ◽  
Sugar Levels

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases globally and its complications include retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Early detection of the risk factors and management of pre-diabetes can however reduce the risk of developing diabetes-related complications. Objective: This study was undertaken to assess cardio-metabolic risk factors for diabetes among undergraduate students at KNUST. Method: The study was carried out at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology at Kumasi, from January 2017 to March 2017. Questionnaires were administered to 500 participants (45% males and 55% females) to obtain demographic and anthropometric data, information on physical activity, and knowledge on diabetes. About 5 ml of venous blood was taken from participants after an overnight fast to determine fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid profile. Results: The mean age of participants were 21±2.40 years and 19.24±2.42 years for male and female respectively. Prevalence rate of pre-diabetes was 5% in this study. Mean values of systolic pressure (p<0.001) and blood glucose level (p=0.042) were significantly higher in men than the females. There was a significant association between the total cholesterol and the fasting blood sugar levels among participants (p=0.045). LDL-cholesterols concentrations were also significantly associated with blood sugar levels among participants (p<0.001). Risk factors such physical exercise (p<0.001) and family history (p<0.001) if diabetes were significantly associated with fasting blood glucose levels of participants. Obesity was no associated with serum glucose levels among participants in this study (p=0.533). HDL-cholesterol was inversely correlated with Fasting blood sugar even though it was no significant (r=-0.240, p=0.430). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of pre-diabetes was 5% in this study. Education about the disease as well as appropriate modification of lifestyle can help reduce the incidence of diabetes and its associated risk factors. 

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Type-II Diabetes Mellitus in Male Adults in District Mardan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Factors Associated

A study was carried out, in order to assess the risk factors associated with type-II diabetes mellitus in males (Age≥40 years) in district Mardan. Four hundred cases and controls (Each 200) were selected from 10 union councils (7 rural and 3 urban) by a systematic sampling method. In order to select cases and controls, all were interviewed for medical history, on fulfillment of which, cases and controls were separately included for study. In anthropometry, weight, and height were taken for Body Mass Index while waist and hip circumference were taken for waist-to-hip ratio. Fasting blood sugar of cases and controls was determined with the glucometer. Cases and controls were interviewed with Food frequency questionnaire and other questionnaires in order to assess the demographic and socioeconomic characters of the families. The results disclosed that most of the cases had family history of diabetes. In addition to that, cases were also found to have higher (p<0.05) average weight, height and body mass index, and fasting blood sugar level to those of controls. These results also revealed that there was a distinguished (p<0.05) association between dairy and fruit with the health status and about 1/3rd of both cases and controls had satisfactory consumption of dairy and fruit only. A significant link was found among family size, exercise, type of exercise, duration of exercise, watching television, duration of watching television and the status of disease. The study revealed that a combination of anthropometric, dietary and demographic variables were associated with type-II diabetes mellitus in male adult population of district Mardan.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Health Effects of Shift Work with Long Working Hours and Night Shifts: Study Protocol for a Three-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study on Industrial Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Kristian Lunde ◽  
Øivind Skare ◽  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Per Anton Sirnes ◽  
Hans C. D. Aass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
One Year ◽  
Night Shifts

There is a plausible association between shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may be due to disruption of the circadian rhythm causing hormonal changes and metabolic disturbances, resulting in high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and being overweight. However, few studies have investigated the association between several consecutive long work shifts, including night shifts, and risk factors for developing CVD. Moreover, knowledge is lacking on factors that may modify or enhance this suggested relationship. The study period is planned from the third quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2021, and will involve 125 industrial employees at two Norwegian enterprises producing insulation. The work schedule is either rotating shiftwork (morning, evening, night) or regular day work. At baseline, we will measure blood parameters, including markers of inflammation, lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin. We will also collect measures of blood pressure, resting heart rate, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness, and aerobic fitness. At the end of baseline data collection, a subgroup will undergo a supervised high-intensity interval training intervention for eight weeks, initiated by the Occupational Health Service. At one-year follow-up, we repeat baseline measures with added measures of heart rate variability and additional five weeks monitoring of sleep and physical activity, and assessment of respirable dust. At the two year follow-up, we will measure CVD risk factors before and after a planned three-month shutdown in one of the studied plants. We will also assess respirable dust, monitor sleep, and compile a one-year retrospective detailed overview of working hours. A final data collection, similar to the one at baseline, will be carried out after three years. We will use a comprehensive set of methods to identify the effects of shift work with long working hours and night shifts on cardiovascular health. This will provide new knowledge on the association between early manifestations of CVD and occupational exposure to shift work. Further, we can study whether work organization such as extensive overtime, sleep loss, and dust exposure have detrimental effects, and if a three-month cease in shift work or increased physical activity will modify early manifestations of CVD.

scholarly journals The Effects of Shift Work on Cardiac Dynamics and Job Perception

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Andrea Tokić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Cardiac Dynamics ◽  
Years Of Service ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have shown negative effects of shift work on health, due to the desynchronization and resynchronization of biological rhythms. In these studies, among other parameters, indicators of cardiac dynamics were used, such as parameters of R-R interval variability, reduction in what has been considered a good predictor of health problems by some authors. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of shift work on the parameters of cardiac dynamics and the job perceptions of nurses of different lengths of service. The study included 48 nurses divided in two groups (24 nurses in each) of equal age and length of service. One group worked a three-shift rotation system and the other (control) worked only the day shift. On the basis of length of service, the groups were divided into three comparable subgroups with eight participants: 1–10, 11–20 and 21–30 years of service. Cardiac activity (R-R intervals) was monitored continuously during the morning shift using the Data Logging System. The participants also evaluated their satisfaction with the job, the difficulty of the work, and the impact of working hours on other aspects of life. Analysis of the results showed reduced variability in cardiac activity (DM-index) in the shift workers with up to 20 years of service, as compared with the comparative groups of day workers, which indicates a less favourable health dynamic. Differences among the oldest groups were not found, which can be attributed to spontaneous selection, where shift workers with health problems are transferred to the day shift. The shift workers were less satisfied with their job, assessing it as more difficult than the daytime workers, and showed a greater level of negative impact of working hours on other domains of life. Despite the specific and limited sample, resulting from difficulties in collecting the psychophysiological variables, the results show a satisfactory reliability and point to an adverse job perception and a cardiac dynamic less favourable for health. Keywords: cardiac dynamics, health, job satisfaction, nurses, R-R intervals, shift work

Circadian principles and design of rotating shift work schedules

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. R636-R638 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Turek
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
New Work ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Rotating Shift Work ◽  
Night Shifts

Circadian rhythms may be disrupted when shift workers rotate from one work schedule to another. It has been suggested that in order to minimize the time needed to readjust circadian rhythms to a new work schedule the work time of shift workers should be rotated in a delaying rather than an advancing direction. However, delaying or advancing the work time does not imply that the sleep-wake cycle is also shifted in a similar manner. Indeed, after a complete rotation between the day, evening, and night shifts the sleep time will be advanced once, delayed once, and not shifted once, regardless of whether the workers are on a delaying or an advancing work rotation schedule. Thus circadian rhythms are likely to be perturbed in a similar manner whether the work schedule is rotated in a delaying or an advancing direction.

scholarly journals An Overview on Cardiovascular Risks Definitions by Using Survival Analysis Techniques-Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study: 13-Year Follow-Up Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Nezhat Shakeri ◽  
Farhad Hajsheikholeslami ◽  
Amir abbas Momenan ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Elderly Males ◽  
Definition Of

<p>Risk assessment is an important issue for starting medication for patients. Literature reveals that diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and Body Mass Index (BMI) are among major risk factors for longevity. Since the cut-off points proposed in various sources are generally irrespective of age, sex and race, it has been attempted to validate current definitions for Tehran’s elderly population by using a prospective cohort study. For this purpose, one thousand seven hundred and ninety eight (1,798) individuals above 60 years old were recruited in the primary phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) during 1998-2001, and were tested for their systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2-h plasma glucose (2HPG) and some other factors at the time of entry to the study. They were followed up for 13 years and their vital statuses were registered (1998-2011).</p><p>According to the standard definition of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension, the participants were divided into ill and healthy groups. By using univariate Cox proportional hazard model, a 95% hazard ratio for various risk factors was estimated. Cut-off points of 126 mg/dL for fasting blood sugar or 200 mg/dL for 2HPG for defining diabetes were identified as appropriate points for predicting longevity for elderly males and females. Systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg or having medication as a definition of hypertension were identified as a significant risk factor for elderly males only. Dyslipidemia which is defined based on Cholesterol&gt;240 or TG&gt;400 or LDL&gt;160 or HDL&lt;35, was not identified as a longevity predictor for elderly men and women. The results showed that BMI&gt;31 Kg/m<sup>2</sup> at the time of entry to the study significantly reduced the survival time of women. In conclusion, the definitions of diseases like hypertension and dyslipidemia based on cut-off points don’t classify the Tehran’s elderly population accurately. More investigation in this regard is required.</p>

scholarly journals Association between work schedules and motivation for lifestyle change in workers with overweight or obesity: a cross-sectional study in Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e033000
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Tanikawa ◽  
Miho Kimachi ◽  
Minoru Ishikawa ◽  
Tomoichiro Hisada ◽  
Shunichi Fukuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between work schedules and motivation for behavioural change of lifestyle, based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) in workers with overweight or obesity.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingA healthcare examination centre in Japan.ParticipantsBetween April 2014 and March 2016, we recruited 9243 participants who underwent healthcare examination and met the inclusion criteria, namely, age 20–65 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2and full-time workers.ExposureNight and shift (night/shift) workers were compared with daytime workers in terms of motivation for behavioural change.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was action and maintenance stages of change (SOC) for lifestyle in TTM. In a subgroup analysis, we investigated interactions between characteristics, including age, sex, BMI, current smoking, alcohol habits, hours of sleep and working hours.ResultsOverall, 1390 participants (15.0%) were night/shift workers; night/shift workers were younger (median age (IQR): 46 (40–54) vs 43 (37–52) years) and the proportion of men was lesser (75.4 vs 60.9%) compared with daytime workers. The numbers of daytime and night/shift workers in the action and maintenance SOC were 2113 (26.9%) and 309 (22.2%), respectively. Compared with daytime workers, night/shift workers were less likely to demonstrate action and maintenance SOC (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.98). In a subgroup analysis that included only those with long working hours (≥10 hours/day), results revealed a strong inverse association between night/shift work and action and maintenance SOC (AOR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.86). A significant interaction was observed between long working hours and night/shift work (P for interaction=0.04).ConclusionsIn workers with overweight or obesity, a night/shift work schedule was associated with a lower motivation for behavioural change in lifestyle, and the association was strengthened in those with long working hours.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Pre-Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk among Hospital Nurses Facing COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13053
Author(s):  
Luca Coppeta ◽  
Cristiana Ferrari ◽  
Andrea Mazza ◽  
Marco Trabucco Aurilio ◽  
Stefano Rizza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
Related Risk

The objective of this work was to evaluate the magnitude of COVID-19 spread and the related risk factors among hospital nurses employed in a COVID hospital in Rome, before the beginning of the vaccination programmes commenced in 2021. Participants periodically underwent (every 15–30 days) nasopharyngeal swab and/or blood sample for SARS-CoV-2 IgG examination. From 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2020, we found 162 cases of COVID-19 infection (n = 143 nasopharyngeal swab and n = 19 IgG-positive) in a total of 918 hospital nurses (17.6%). Most SARS-CoV-2-infected hospital nurses were night shift workers (NSWs), smokers, with higher BMI and lower mean age than that of individuals who tested negative. After adjusting for covariates, age (OR = 0.923, 95% C.I. 0.895–0.952), night shift work (OR = 2.056, 95% C.I. 1.320–2.300), smoking status (OR = 1.603, 95% C.I. 1.080–2.378) and working in high-risk settings (OR = 1.607, 95% C.I. 1.036–2.593) were significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 hospital infection, whereas BMI was not significantly related. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital nurses at a Rome COVID hospital in the pre-vaccination period. Smoking, young age, night shift work and high-risk hospital settings are relevant risk factors for hospital SARS-CoV-2 infection; therefore, a close health surveillance should be necessary among hospital nurses exposed to SARS-CoV-2.

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