scholarly journals Lexicographic Miniatures: Research Notes on Russian and Church Slavonic Historical Lexicography

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Margarita I. Chernysheva ◽  
Roman N. Krivko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Editorial Decisions ◽  
Hapax Legomenon ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Greek Source ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

One of the most crucial problems in the historical lexicography of the Russian language is that lexicographers are regularly faced with texts and sources which often have neither been properly published, if at all, nor properly commented on from linguistic, philological, and historical points of view. The first part of these research notes shows that a Greek source of one of the liturgical chants dedicated to SS. Constantine and Helene has been erroneously identified in the Index of the Incipita of Old East Slavonic liturgical chants; this made it possible to assume textual corruption in the Slavonic translation and prevented scholars from establishing a correct understanding of the hapax legomenon tresadovnyj, which actually means ‘made of three species of wood’ (about the Holy Cross made of the fir tree, the pine tree, and the box, according to Christian exegesis of Is 60:13). In the second part of these research notes, the edition and lexicographic interpretation of one passage from the Church Slavonic translation of the Homilies by Gregory the Dialogist have been critically reconsidered. Editorial mistakes and a lack of commentary has made it impossible to understand and to explain adequately the phrase krotostʹ na tjažestʹ obratiti lit. ‘to transmute modesty into gravity.’ This phrase is important to exemplify the rare meaning of the Church Slavonic word tjažestʹ (lit. heaviness, gravity) ‘dignity,’ which is lexicographically recorded in this meaning only in a few translated texts, and attests a semantic calque. While the Slavonic translation of this passage is erroneous, its edition and lexicographic interpretation are corrupted and inadequate, so that on the basis of the edition and of the available dictionaries one could not understand that the phrase krotostʹ na tjažestʹ obratiti (‘to transmute modesty into gravity’) actually means ‘to renounce light-mindedness and to return to (proper) dignity.’ In the third part of the article, the lexical meaning of the words tščetina, tščetinnyj is analyzed. The final part is dedicated to the critical analysis of some erroneous editorial decisions made by scholars, who ignored the Greek origin of translated texts.

LEXICOGRAPHICAL PORTRAIT OF THE LEXEME «POGRYAZNUT’» (X - XVII CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Долгова
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

Статья посвящена описанию глагола «погрязнуть» по лексикографическим источникам, фиксирующим словарный состав русского языка X - XVII вв. В работе используется метод лингвистического портретирования, позволяющий объединить данные этимологических и исторических словарей и увидеть динамику развития семантического, словообразовательного, сочетаемостного и стилистического потенциала языковой единицы в диахронии. В статье подробно изложены материалы этимологических и исторических словарей русского языка, приведены и описаны многочисленные варианты употребления имперфектива грязнуть и перфектива погрязнуть, зафиксированные в словарях, содержащих лексику древнерусского и старорусского периодов: гр#зъти, гр#зhти, гр#зити, гр#знqти, погрязати - погр#зти, погр#зити, погр#знqти. Установлено, что в древнерусском языке глагол гр#зноути (гр`t#знuти) имел прямое номинативное значение «погружаться, тонуть» и редко употреблялся в памятниках письменности. Многозначным и наиболее частотным был положительный, результативный член глагольной видовой пары перфектив погрязнуть (погр#зноути). В статье приведены все лексико-семантические варианты глагола и примеры словоупотреблений, зафиксированные в словарях, отражающих лексику X - XVII веков. В статье приведены синонимы и многочисленные дериваты глагола погрязнуть , в том числе рассмотрена семантика абстрактных существительных, образованных от глагола погрязнуть ( погрязение, погрязнение, погрязновение ) и отражающих влияние церковнославянского языка на книжно-письменный литературный язык древнерусского и старорусского периодов. Лексикографический портрет лексемы погрязнуть проявляет неоднозначность в трактовке некоторых значений в разные исторические периоды. Проведенный анализ позволяет сравнить значения лексемы, увидеть их отличительные особенности и сделать вывод о существовании самостоятельных стереотипных образов, существующих в сознании носителей языка в X - XVII веках. The article is devoted to the description of the verb "to wallow" from lexicographic sources that fix the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. The method of linguistic portraiture is used to combine data from etymological and historical dictionaries and see the dynamics of the development of the semantic, word-formation and stylistic potential of the language unit in the diachrony. The article details the materials of etymological and historical dictionaries of the Russian language, presents and describes numerous variants of the use of an imperfective “gryaznut’” and a perfective “pogryaznut’”, recorded in dictionaries containing the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. It has been established that in the ancient Russian language, the imperfective “gryaznut’” had a direct nominative meaning of "dive, sink" and was rarely used in monuments of writing. The multi-valued and most frequency used was the positive, effective perfective “pogryaznut’”. The article presents all lexical and semantic variants of the verb and examples of word usage recorded in dictionaries that reflect the vocabulary of the X - XVII centuries. The article presents synonyms and numerous derivatives of the verb, including the semantics of abstract nouns formed from the verb “pogryaznut’” and reflecting the influence of the Church Slavonic language on the book-written literary language of the old Russian period. The lexicographic portrait of the lexeme “pogryaznut’” shows ambiguity in the interpretation of certain meanings in different historical periods. The analysis allows us to compare the meanings of the lexeme, see their distinctive features and conclude that there are independent stereotypical images that exist in the minds of native speakers in the X - XVII centuries.

scholarly journals N. V. Orloff and the Beginning of Teaching of the Russian Language at King’s College London

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Tribunskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
British Army ◽  
King's College ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Oriental Language

The article restores the biography of N. V. Orloff (1844–1915), a psalmist of the Church in the name of the Assumption of the Mother of God at the Russian Embassy in London, which, in addition to his official duties and translation activities, was involved in the process of establishing Russian studies in Great Britain in the late XIXth – early XXth centuries. For a quarter of a century, Orloff taught the Russian language at King’s College London, as part of the training of Oriental language specialists, who took part in the exams for official posts in the Indian Civil Service, as well as in the British army. Orloff’s resignation in 1915 symbolically coincided with the beginning of a new stage in the development of Russian studies, with the creation of the School of Slavonic Studies at King’s College London.

On Colloquial Phenomena in the Language of the Monument of Church Slavonic Writing of the 15th Century (Based on the Material of the Torment of Paraskeva Friday)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Leonid G. Panin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Main Task ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
State Library ◽  
Scientific Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

The author’s earlier linguistic and textual analysis of collections containing readings on particularly revered memorable dates and the lives of the most revered saints revealed the manuscript Festal Menaion and Chrysostom from the collection of Tikhonravov No. 185 (from the collection of the Russian State Library) as containing unique information about the Church Slavonic language of the 15th century. This time, as traditionally considered, is a clear indicator of the second South Slavic influence, but evidence of this influence (according to the collection) was not in the Word on the Council of the archangel Michael and Gabriel, the author of which was Clement of Ohrid. There were obvious colloquial elements, but the colloquial (common) facts of the Russian language are especially clearly recorded in another monument of this collection – in the Torment of Paraskeva Friday. In this article, this text is analyzed in comparison with the texts presented in the Great Menaion Reader of the SVT. St. Demetrius of Rostov and in the collection of the 15th century from the Collection of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. The author defines the broad and narrow contexts of the study. The first is connected with the Church Slavonic problems (language, writing), the second with the 15th century, the time when the so-called ‘second South Slavic influence’ was fully manifested. Church Slavonic itself is not a scientific term, although it emerged from a scientific tradition. We can define what the Russian language is by referring to ethnic and geographical boundaries, cultural and spiritual traditions, historical certainty, and keeping in mind, which is very important for the language, its ‘functional side’. It is impossible to evaluate the Church Slavonic language from these positions. Russian is a language that has developed different principles of development, and in relation to the Russian language, the Church Slavonic language appears to be as much an independent unit (a separate scientific ‘subject’) as the dialect language, which was the subject of lively discussions in its time, or the Russian spoken language, which occupies a strong position in the niche of the Russian language to this day. The Church Slavonic language is ultimately the desired object of Slavistic research, and the way to determine its structure and functional status lies through the analysis of specific written sources. The conclusions about the ‘colloquial’ (‘simple’, perhaps common) Church Slavonic language of the Torment of Paraskeva Friday according to the list of Thn-185 are quite obvious, the language of the monument according to this list destroys the myth of the so-called ‘second South Slavic influence’. The analysis allows us to take a new look at what we call the Church Slavonic language, to understand that the Church Slavonic language is still an unidentified linguistic object, rather than a philological one, because this language cannot be separated from the text. The text is the environment in which it exists. Linguistics has adopted the tools of linguistic analysis, which since ancient times served philological purposes, it is already presented in the ΤνΝη γραμματική of Dionysius of Thrace, but it did not serve to describe and understand language as such, the main task of grammatics was considered to be the evaluation of the work, “what is the best of all that grammar does”. This helps in the qualification of what is written in the Church Slavonic language: it should not only contain the traditional forms and vocabulary of this language (also with the traditional permissibility of innovations), but also have a functional correlation, correspond to the sphere of existence of Church Slavonic texts.

DEFINITION OF GRAMMATICAL STATUS PARTICIPATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Vasilievna Artamonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Hybrid Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Status ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Problematic Aspect

Communion as part of speech occupies a special place in the structure of the Russian language, since it represents a problematic aspect of grammar. Already when determining the grammatical status of participle, the first difficulties appear, which is associated with hybrid features of participle, since it combines the features of two independent parts of speech - the adjective and the verb. The works of linguists describe different approaches to determining the status of communion. At present, it is possible to state the existence in Russian grammar of several points of view on the definition of the nature of communion.

THE ETHNOLINGUISTIC SITUATION IN INDRA MUNICIPALITY IN THE RURAL PART OF KRĀSLAVA REGION

Via Latgalica ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Antra Kļavinska
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
The People ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Church ◽  
Rural Part ◽  
The Russian Language

The research is based on the processed questionnaire data gathered during the ethnolinguistic expedition to Indra municipality in the rural part of the region of Kraslava in June, 2007 (120 respondents). The paper analyzes the answers of the respondents regarding the ethnic self-identification of the people, their knowledge of languages, the dominance of languages,, and their functions in the micro and macro environments of Indra municipality. The most important conclusions are: There is a noticeable difference between the official statistical data and the notions of ethnic belonging of the respondents: the official statistics state that the dominant ethnic group in Indra municipality are Belorussians; however, the major part of respondents consider themselves to be Russians. The Russian language dominates in verbal and written communication in both the micro and the macro environment. Many respondents admit that they speak „their own” language in the municipality - Russian with lexical, morphological and phonetical elements of Belorussian and Polish. The role of the Latgalian language in the rural municipality is not important; the respondents do not see any perspectives for its use in the future. The Latvian language as the official language is respected in the administration of the municipality; however, there is a wish to recognize both Latvian and Russian as official languages. The roles of the school (for the acquisition of the Latvian language) and of the Church (the language of praying is Polish, but masses are held in Russian and Latgalian) are important for the formation of the linguistic scenery of Indra municipality. In the polyethnic and multilingual environment of Indra municipality, there is a predominantly tolerant attitude towards different languages and ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic Aspects of the First Translations of the Bible into the Russian Language

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Kravetsky
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language Version ◽  
The Bible ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

The first translations of the New Testament into the Russian language, which were carried out at the beginning of the 19th century, are usually regarded as a missionary project. But the language of these translations may prove that they were addressed to a rather narrow audience. As is known, the Russian Bible Society established in 1812 began its activities not with translations into Russian but with the mass edition of the Church Slavonic text of the Bible. In other words, it was the Church Slavonic Bible that was initially taken as the “Russian” Bible. Such a perception correlated with the sociolinguistic situation of that period, when, among the literate country and town dwellers, people learned grammar according to practices dating back to Medieval Rus’, which meant learning by heart the Church Slavonic alphabet, the Book of Hours, and the Book of Psalms; these readers were in the majority, and they could understand the Church Slavonic Bible much better than they could a Russian-language version. That is why the main audience for the “Russian” Bible was the educated classes who read the Bible in European languages, not in Russian. The numbers of targeted readers for the Russian-language translation of the Bible were significantly lower than those for the Church Slavonic version. The ideas of the “language innovators” (who favored using Russian as a basis for a new national language) thus appeared to be closer to the approach taken by the Bible translators than the ideas of “the upholders of the archaic tradition” (who favored using the vocabulary and forms of Church Slavonic as their basis). The language into which the New Testament was translated moved ahead of the literary standard of that period, and that was one of the reasons why the work on the translation of the Bible into the Russian language was halted.

scholarly journals Potential of Church Slavonic lexicology in teaching Serbian students Russian language

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Danilo Božović
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

The article presents a retrospective analysis and focuses on the possibility of relying on a common Church Slavonic element that has been preserved in the Russian and Serbian languages. It points to the common roots of the Russian and Serbian languages, notes the great influence of All-Slavic Orthodox literary activity on Old Russian literature and language, as well as the influence of Russian intelligentsia and Russian language in general on the language and mentality of educated Serbs in the 18th and 19th centuries. At the same time, the negative impact of the West (primarily Austria) on the separation of the Serbian language from Russian through the reform of the Serbian language and alphabet, which was carried out with the participation of Vuk Karadzic, is shown. The article assesses the activities of Serbian intellectuals and pro-Western Serbian politicians of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in shaping the attitude of Serbian society towards the Church Slavonic language, Church Slavism in Serbian language and the Russian language. The presented analysis contributes to the formation of a position among Serbian Russian students, future teachers and translators in the field of intercultural communication, and the growth of professional competence.

On the types of analysis of literary text in Russian language lessons

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
M. I. Shutan
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literature Teaching ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Russian Language

This article aims to investigate and characterise types of literary text analysis in Russian language lessons by reviewing the scientific and practical experience accumulated in the methodology of teaching the Russian language and literature at school. The first type of analysis is a combination of assignments aimed at both understanding the content of a literary work as an art phenomenon and identifying its structural features, which actualizes the methodological principles of school literature teaching. This model also includes linguistic-stylistic assignments covering various levels of the language system. Such an analysis can be called complex. The second type involves focused analysis organized within the framework of working with a linguistic concept. The main purpose of students in this case is to identify meanings, i.e., substitutes for the lexical meaning of a concept word. The types of analysis described in this article can be used to help students understand the literary text in its semantic integrity.

scholarly journals Nouns of Religion Semantic Field with Suffix -stv/о/ in the Russian of 18th Century (Examplified by Lexicographic Works of the Civil Press)

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Sergey Feliksov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the history of religious style formation in the Russian language. The research considers nouns of religion semantic field with a suffix -stv/о/, recorded in the 18 th century Russian lexicographic works of civil press, which provide detailed representationof confessional vocabulary – The Church Dictionaryby archpriest Peter Alekseev (1773–1794), The Short Slavic Dictionary by abbot Evgeny (Romanov) (1784) and The Dictionary of the Russian Academy (1789–1794). The paper features peculiarities in word-formation and semantic structure of nouns with a suffix -stv/о/ belonging to religion semantic field.Their lexical and grammatical categories as well as thematic groups are described.The neologisms that appeared in the 18 th century within these groups are revealed. Active development of word-formation models, arising in Russian in that period, has contributed to emerging word-formation patternsfor the nouns of religion semantic field with a suffix -stv/о/, which have been established and analyzed. It is shown that despite the notable competition caused by existence of synonymous derivatives, nouns of religion semantic field with a suffix -stv/о/ have sufficient representation in the dictionary system of the Russian language of the 18 th century, forming a special layer of confessional vocabulary. It should be noted, that the abovementioned word class, as well as Russian religious style as a whole, was going through the process of active formationin the 18 th century.

scholarly journals Semantic Production as a Way of Forming Legal Concepts (Based on Russian Laws)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
M. V. Batyushkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Open Nature ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Illustrative Material ◽  
State Language

The research featured legal terms formed according to the semantic method, e.g. semantic generalization, expansion / narrowing of meaning, institutional specification, metonymic or metaphorical transfer, their correlation, etc. The author highlighted the interconnection of semantic term formation and polysemy. The article contains a list of factors that cause ambiguity of legal concepts: (a) the author of the legislative text and the recipient; (b) the open nature of the legal terminological system, as well as the reproduction of multivalued lexemes in the laws and their reinterpretation; (c) the development of various variants of legislative definitions, etc. The paper focuses on semantic generalization and institutional specification of legal concepts. The author describes the interconnection of denotative-predicative and logical-conceptual approaches, as well as the mechanism of generalization and abstraction of lexical meaning. The differences of metonymic and metaphorical transfers were interpreted in terms of contrasting functions, models of education, and connotation potential. The research revealed a high productivity of metonymic transfer and legal concepts based on a combination of different types of semantic terminology. The study featured the texts of Russian Federal and regional laws. The author applied various approaches, e.g. discursive, contextual, intertextual, component, denotative-predicative, logical-conceptual, interpretative, comparative, etc. The results, conclusions, and illustrative material presented in this work may be of some interest to scientists and practitioners who study legal terminology, legal texts, and issues of the Russian language as a state language.

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