scholarly journals Die Modalverben im Deutschen und Arabischen

لارك ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 1124-1101
Author(s):  
مدز افراح مجيد هادي الانصاري
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semitic Language ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Irregular Verbs

ان مقارنة قواعد اللغة الألمانية مع لغة سامية كاللغة العربية تفضي الى حجم الهوة والاختلافات الكبيرة بين قواعد وأنظمة اللغة العربية مقارنة باللغة الألمانية. فموضوع البحث يتناول مقارنة افعال الكيفية في اللغة الألمانية وما يقابها باللغة العربية. أفعال الكيفية هي عبارة عن ستة الفعال لها قواعد تركيبية خاصة تختلف عن الأفعال الأخرى من حيث البناء والتركيب، وهي أفعال شاذة ولها تصاريف معينة مع الضمائر الشخصية سواء في الزمن الماضي او المضارع، فهي تستلزم غالبا ما فعل مصدري يكتب في نهاية الجملة لاتمام المعنى، ويعد هذا الفعل فعلا رئيسيا، وتأخذ هذه الأفعال الموضع الثاني في الجملة وتكون مصرفة حسب الفاعل بينما يأتي الفعل الرئيسي في نهاية الجملة دون أي تصريف، وهذه الأفعال هي: يَسمَح، يَستطيع، يَوَد أو يَرغَب، يَجب، يَنبغي، يُريد. الفعل في قواعد اللغة العربية يدل على معنى في نفسه فمنه المعرب ومنه المبني وله اوزان محددة، والفعل الثلاثي الماضي على وزن فَعَلَ تعد أساسا للميزان الصرفي، فعند ترجمة أفعال الكيفية حسب الميزان الصرفي تكون أرادَ وانبغى واستطاع .. الخ. أفعال الكيفية في اللغة الألمانية تقابلها في اللغة العربية أنْ المصدرية الناصبة والتي تدخل على الجمل الفعلية وتفيد الحال والاستقبال اذا دخلت على الفعل المضارع. وقد تترجم الجمل والنصوص الى اللغة العربية بالصدر المؤول من (أنْ والفعل) او بالمصدر الصريح، وبعضها يرتبط بحرف جر مثل سُمِحَ( لَه)ُ و وَجَبَ (على)، وهناك الكثير من المفردات والاستخدامات اللغوية تم ذكرها بالبحث.  Comparing the grammar of the German language with a Semitic language such as the Arabic language leads to the size of the gap and the big differences between the rules and systems of the Arabic language compared to the German language. The topic of this research deals with comparing the qualitative verbs in the German language and the equivalent in the Arabic language. Modal verbs are six active verbs that have special syntactic rules that differ from other verbs in terms of construction and composition. They are irregular verbs and have specific conjugations with personal pronouns, whether in the past or present tense, they often require an infinitive verb written at the end of the sentence to complete the meaning. This verb is a main verb, and these verbs take the second position in the sentence and are inflected according to the subject, while the main verb comes at the end of the sentence without any conjugation, and these verbs are: allow, can, wish or desire, should, should, want. The verb in the grammar of the Arabic language denotes a meaning in itself, from which it is expressed, and from it that is based and has specific weights, and the past triple verb on the weight of  فَعَلَ  is the basis for the morphological balance, so when translating modal verbs according to the morphological scale, they are أراد ، انبغى and أستطاعَ  ... etc. Verbs of modal in the German language correspond to it in the Arabic language that the أنْ  accusative infinitive, which is entered into the verbal sentences, and benefits the adverb and the reception if entered into the present tense. Sentences and texts may be translated into Arabic with the source of (أنْ and verb) or with the explicit source, and some of them are related to a preposition such as allowed (for him) and obligatory (on), and there are many vocabulary and linguistic uses mentioned in the research.                                                                                                         

scholarly journals Die Apposition im Deutschen Und im Arabischen

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhel Saleh Miklif Ali Al-Sumaidaey
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Clear Idea

This research deals with an important grammatical topic in the German language and the Arabic language, namely the apposition. The purpose of this research is to give students a clear idea of the two mentioned languages about the issue of the apposition and its types in the German and Arabic languages. The first part of the research was devoted to the apposition in the German language and everything related to this topic, and the second part of the research was devoted to the apposition in the Arabic language and everything related to that. As for the third part of the research, it is devoted to the results and the most important judgments related to the subject of the apposition in these two languages. In addition, this research contains an introduction to an index of what it contains. This research also contains an index of German and Arab sources.

scholarly journals Looking Forwards through the Past: Bukovina’s “Return to Europe” after 1989–1991

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
German Language ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
World War ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Second World

This article is part of the special cluster titled Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War: (Re)shaping and (re)thinking a region after genocide and ‘ethnic unmixing’, guest edited by Gaëlle Fisher and Maren Röger. Over the course of the 1990s, the region of Bukovina, once the easternmost province of the Austrian half of the Habsburg Empire, gained unprecedented visibility abroad. This was the case in German-language space in particular. There, Bukovina became the subject of newspaper articles, books, films, and exhibitions; travel and tourism to the area developed; political agreements and partnerships were even established between German or Austrian and “Bukovinian” regions. These initiatives, across “East and West,” across the former Iron Curtain, were meant to bridge the former divide. But many were based on proclaimed historical and cultural connections: as the widespread slogan read, Bukovina “returned to Europe.” In the process, historical Bukovina, by then split between Romania and a newly independent Ukraine, was not so much rediscovered as resurrected, reconstructed, and reinvented on the basis of existing ideas and assumptions. This raises a range of questions: why Bukovina, why in these countries, and why then? In this article, I identify different groups of actors, trends, and phases in the popular resurgence of Bukovina after 1989–1991 and highlight their origins, differences, and interactions. By tracing the activities and narratives of some of the key actors of the reinvention of the region after 1989–1991, this article explores the tensions between visions of the past and visions of the future in Germany, Austria, and Europe after 1989. It thereby also contributes to a critical reflection on the meaning of the wider “return to Europe” of Central and Eastern Europe after the end of the Cold War.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF AUXILIARY VERBS IN ARABIC LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Malika NASIROVA
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Action Verbs

In Arabic, the verb takes a signifcant place among the parts of speech. Without knowing the morphological features of Arabic verbs, it is impossible to maser many of the rules of other parts of speech. This article is devoted to auxiliary verbs, which, together with the main verb, convey additional meaning to the action of the subject. In Arabic, the topic of auxiliary verbs has attracted the attention of linguiss from the early Middle Ages to the present. The mos recent sudies on this topic are collected in the works of Abbas Hasan, Musafa Galayini, Fuad Nemat, Antoine Dahdakh, Abu Bakr Abdul Ali. In this article, the issue of the semantic classifcation of auxiliary verbs is scientifcally subsantiated. According to it, verbs are divided into such semantic groups as: “verbs of being and becoming”, “beginning verbs”, “verbs denoting the proximity of an action”, “verbs denoting the likelihood of an action” and others that assign the above meanings to the main verb. “ ”كان و أخواتهاare the mos commonly used among others, they perform the function of a linking verb and require the setting of a nominal predicate in the accusative case. And in verb sentences, together with the verb-predicate, they form a complex temporary consruction. The verbs أفعال الشروعrequire the subject in the nominative and the predicate in the accusative and denote the beginning of the action of semantic verbs. The predicate after the verbs أفعال المةاربةcan be a whole sentence. Also, the verbs أفعال المقاربةcan be both semantic and auxiliary. In Arabic, auxiliary verbs are verbs of a wide variety of uses in a sentence. They not only determine the degree and sate, but also the time of action. During the research, it became known that there is another type of auxiliary verbs that demonsrate excitement, desire and feelings

scholarly journals The grammar uses of " Lao " in the poetry of Al- Sharif Al- Rada: Collection and Study: الاستعمالات النحوية لـ(لو) في شعر الشريف الرضي (359- 406): جمعاً ودراسة

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 47-32
Author(s):  
Khalid Adam Moussa Khalid Adam Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grammatical Rule ◽  
The Face ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Grammatical Judgment

This study aims to bring out some of the grammatical aspects that were included in the book of Al- Sharif Al- Radhi. It aims to study “Lao” (that is mean = if in Arabic language) in practice, by citing some verses that contain “Lao”. Following the descriptive and analytical approach. Where I put a title for the topic of the research, define the topic that was set for the research, and come to the house that was cited, document it, clarify the meanings of difficult words, while documenting this, and expressing the house, extracting the citation, and clarifying the face of citation in it, and citing the Quranic verses. To support and clarify the grammatical rule. And then I reached the most important results, which proved the following: That lao(if) is one of the condition tools that is brought to hold the causation between two sentences, that is, the link between the content of the two sentences, so that the content of the condition is a reason for the content of the answer. That (if) is used for the second abstinence, which is the recompense for the first abstention, which is the condition; This is the well- known saying of the majority of grammarians, and it was made on the tongues of the analysis. Its grammatical judgment; A conditional is probably not apocopate, unlike a few of them. It is most likely that the two sentences after it are verbs, are two verbs in past in pronunciation and meanings together, or only meaning, that the verb is present and its meaning fluctuates to past while the word remains the same. It is not followed by anything but a verb or an action, an implicit verb explained by an explicit verb after the noun. It is originally used for three basic connotations, which are: 1- The conditional is abstinence and is for comment in the past. 2- Conditional non- abstention: it is for future comment, 3- infinitive: It is synonymous: that the infinitive is in the meaning and the casting, but it is not in the subjunctive. It occurs most often in the past and present tense after: to be affectionate. For each one there is example from the poetry of Al- Sharif Al- Radhi. There are other types of (if) that many scholars have presented in grammatical extensions and linguistic; I referred to it in passing, due to the lack of citation it in the book of Al- Sharif Al- Radi. Among these meanings: wishful, provoking, and offering.

scholarly journals Tense in the Principles of Semantics: الزّمان في قواعد علم المعاني

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeaa Hussin Mouheb Aldeen
Keyword(s):  
Event Recognition ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Past Event ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The Impact

    “Tense in the Principles of Semantics” is a study that discusses tense in one of rhetoric, namely semantics. The significance of this research stems from the fact that it sheds light on tense as an important aspect of language. It also discusses the influence of tense on the formulation and the application of a significant number of the principles of semantics. The present research, then, examines the impact of tense on formulating some of the rules of semantics and seeks to extract the rhetoric meaning that is built on tense in these rules. The researcher has adopted the analytical, descriptive methodology of this research, which is structured in four parts, an introduction, two body analyses and a conclusion. The findings revealed that the syntactic tense was in the verb form, the grammatical tense – which can be deduced from the context- was in the structure, and that the rhetoric tense was in the rhetoric meaning that tense enacts in the structure. It was also found that tense interferes in formulating many principles in semantics. In addition, the study found that tense has a clear impact on recognising the event, since event recognition is bound to tense recognition. Tense also interfered in what rhetoricians know as going beyond the surface to serve other rhetorical purposes. We might express the future using the past tense to reflect the certainty that something will happen. Language also expresses the past using the present tense for rhetorical purposes, like recalling the past event and visualising it as a realty for the addressee, and to show repetition of the verb. Furthermore, the future can be represented using the subject nominalisation or the object nominalisation with the intention of nearing the occurrence of some event in order to warn form it.     

scholarly journals Vowels Reading Of Arabic Present Tense In Yaf’al Form For Lip And Coronal Articulation/ Pembacaan Vokal Pola Fiil Mudhori Yaf’al Bagi Artikulasi Bibir Dan Koronal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azim Mohamad Isa ◽  
Zawawi Ismail ◽  
Hairun Najuwah Jamali ◽  
Fitri Nurul’ain Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Students ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Verb Tense

The Arabic vowel consists of three main vowels namely /a/ (fathah), the vowel /i/ (kasrah), and the vowel /u/ (dhammah). This study aims to analyze the vowels of the Arabic present tense in the pattern' af'al which is determined by the arrangement of letters. This study also aims to help read active verbs of yaf’al Arabic among Arabic language students who have difficulty determining the correct vowel of the three vowel fractions. In addition, this study can help linguists in general and Arabic in particular to determine the vowel reading of the letter 'ain (ع) on the active verb pattern of modern Arabic' af'al which is divided into vowels / a / (fathah), vowel /i/ (kasrah), and the vowel /u/ (dammah). This study uses a qualitative method. Samples of this study were taken from Al-Khalil dictionary as well as al-Ma'aniy online dictionary. Only three syllable active verbs are analyzed as the three syllable active verbs in Arabic will change to three different vowels when in the verb tense. The analysis is focused on the arrangement of the letters' ain (ع) in the past tense verb. Clearly, the study's findings have shown that the arrangement of 'ain (ع) on the active Arabic verb of the past affects the vowel on the 'ain (ع) active verb of the present Arabic. At the same time, this study provides an alternative that shows that the vowels at the letter 'ain (ع) of the active Arabic verb of the present time are non-random.

Amâlî (Imla) As Arabic Writing Technique

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Dicky Rachmat Pauji
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Islamic School ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The Subject

Amâlî (Imla) is a methodology used in studying Arabic language and literature that has a very wide scope. Amâlî (Imla) itself can be translated as: to dictate, to add, to fill in and etc. Amâlî (Imla) may also be interpreted further by the following narration: A teacher (ustadz) comes to a place like a mosque, an Islamic school or any learning space in general. In the process of teaching and learning, all that are spoken by the teacher is written down by the students on pieces of paper they had prepared earlier then be compiled into a book which will be preserved. This paper presents a brief summary of Amâlî (Imla) as a methodology which is discussed in many Amâlî (Imla) related literature works written from the beginning of 7th century until the 14th century. The subject Amâlî (Imla) is written in exceedingly diverse manner, unique to each of numerous known authors. This paper also discusses about various meaning of the word Amâlî (Imla) that has been interpreted differently among authors. In addition, the method of separating chapters and other minor distinct writing style that each of various groups of Amâlî (Imla) authors had developed was presented in this work. And lastly, this paper discusses the fact that Amâlî (Imla) related textbook authors were not only originated from the Middle East, but also from regions such as Iran (Huzistan) and Andalusia

Pakistan’s Development: Successes, Failures, and Future Tasks (Presidential Remarks)

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4I) ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Golden Jubilee ◽  
Freedom Movement ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Do So

It is an honour for me as President of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists to welcome you to the 13th Annual General Meeting and Conference of the Society. I consider it a great privilege to do so as this Meeting coincides with the Golden Jubilee celebrations of the state of Pakistan, a state which emerged on the map of the postwar world as a result of the Muslim freedom movement in the Indian Subcontinent. Fifty years to the date, we have been jubilant about it, and both as citizens of Pakistan and professionals in the social sciences we have also been thoughtful about it. We are trying to see what development has meant in Pakistan in the past half century. As there are so many dimensions that the subject has now come to have since its rather simplistic beginnings, we thought the Golden Jubilee of Pakistan to be an appropriate occasion for such stock-taking.

TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Daiva Milinkevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secular World ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Craft Guilds

The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other, intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals. The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics of lodges. Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius. Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.

Qudiyyatu Wuqu' al-Alfaz al-A'jamiyyat fi al-Qur'an al-Karim

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Ahmad Akrom Malibary
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Semitic Language ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Do the non-Arabic words exist in the Qur’an? There are two opinions of the Muslim scholars regarding this matter. Some reject that there are some non-Arabic words in the Qur’an and some accept it. Each of the group has its own argument. Nevertheless, the strongest argument is that there are some non-Arabic words in the Qur’an, considering that some of those words originated from outside Arabic language but have been absorbed and been treated as the Arabic words. It is not impossible that those words come from the  Semitic language which have been absorbed by some Semitic language branches and the Arabic language is one of the Semitic branches.

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