scholarly journals Why do I have to drive now? Post Hoc Explanations of Take-Over Requests

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Körber ◽  
Lorenz Prasch ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Trust In Automation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: It was investigated whether providing an explanation for a take-over request in automated driving influences trust in automation and acceptance.Background: Take-over requests will be recurring events in conditionally automated driving which could undermine trust as well as acceptance and, therefore, the successful introduction of automated vehicles.Method: Forty participants were equally assigned to either an experimental group provided with an explanation of the reason for a take-over request or a control group without explanations. In a simulator drive, both groups experienced three take-over scenarios that varied in the obviousness of their causation. Participants rated their acceptance before and after the drive and rated their trust before and after each take-over situation. Results: All participants rated acceptance on the same high level before and after the drive, independent of the condition. Control group’s trust ratings remained unchanged by take-over requests in all situations, but the experimental group showed decreased trust after experiencing a take-over caused by roadworks. Participants provided with explanation felt stronger that they had understood the system and the reasons for the take-overs.Conclusion: A take-over request did not lower trust or acceptance. Providing an explanation for a take-over request had no impact on trust or acceptance, but increased the perceived understanding of the system.Application: The results provide insights into users’ perception of automated vehicles, take-over situations and a fundament for future interface design for automated vehicles.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Music Classic (Mozart) towards Student Anxiety Before The Exams

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Risa Yuspitasari ◽  
Rahmawati ◽  
Raudah Zaimah Dalimunthe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Anxiety ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
High Category ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

This research aimed to discover the level of anxiety in students before the exam and the effect of music classic (Mozart) to reduce such anxiety. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Ciruas with students with a high level of anxiety, which has been revealed from the results of the anxiety scale questionnaire using a purposive sampling technique with a total of 68 respondents. This research was used with an experimental method consisting of an experimental group and a control group. From the treatment, the results showed pre-test 12.55 in the high category and post-test 7.852 in the medium category. This shows changes in the results before and after the treatment is given. It can be concluded that the effect of the use of music (Mozart) can reduce student anxiety before the test.

scholarly journals Effects of Mindfulness Training on Psychological Capital, Depression, and Procrastination of the Youth Demographic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li LI ◽  
Mu LI
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Psychological Capital ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: The incidence rate of depression in youth demographic increases year by year. High-level psychological capital is conducive to relieving depression, and mindfulness training is an effective psychotherapy. We aimed to investigate the influences of mindfulness training on psychological capital, depression, and procrastination, thereby providing a direction for psychotherapy in the youth demographic. Method: A questionnaire survey on the youths in four resident communities in the cities of Wuhan and Tai’an in China was carried out in 2020 by sending a self-rating depression scale (SDS). A total of 240 youth with SDS standard scores >53 were filtered out, as the research objects to be assessed by using SDS, positive psychological capital questionnaire (PPQ), five-facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), and pure procrastination scale (PPS). Results: Two groups showed no statistically significant differences in SDS, PPQ, FFMQ, and PPS scores before intervention. Self-efficacy, toughness, hope, optimism, and PPQ scores of the experimental group were improved significantly after intervention compared with those before the intervention, and they were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). SDS, PPQ, FFMQ, and PPS scores showed statistically significant differences before and after intervention. SDS and PPS scores of the experimental group after intervention were far lower than those of the control group, while FFMQ score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mindfulness training can improve psychological capital of the youth demographic effectively and relieve their depression, thereby improving their procrastination.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF ATHLETICS TOOLS IN DUE TO DEVELOP SPEED OF SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Olena Khanikiants ◽  
Volodymyr Konestyapin ◽  
Olga Rymar ◽  
Marta Yaroshyk ◽  
Nataliya Sorokolit
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Shuttle Run

The research is dedicated to searching of new tools for higher effectiveness of the application of athletic tools to develop speed of secondary school children. The goal of research is to prove theoretically and test experimentally the program for speed development of secondary school children (11-12 years) with priority use of athletic tools.To realize the goal such methods were applied: scientific theoretical, pedagogical observation, experiment, mathematical statistics methods. Boys are from 6 grades (11-12 years old) have participated. Pupils belong to main medical group. The results. There was elaborated and experimentally proved the program’s effectiveness. We have got statistically significant difference (p0.05), better results from experimental group of performing control exercises: “30m run (sec)”, “30m run from place (sec)”, “run at the place during 5sec (number of movements)”. One exercise has got better result from control group - “run at the place during 5sec (number of movements)”. We have performed evaluation of students’ speed development before and after the experiment. Amount of pupils with high level of competence has grown in exercises “30m run (sec)” for 13.3%, “60m run (sec)” for 20%, “shuttle run 4×9m (sec)” for 6.7%, “long jump from place (cm) for 13.3%. 

Brief psycho-education for caregivers of persons with first episode psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praful Prabhuappa Kapse ◽  
Manisha Kiran
Keyword(s):  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Expressed Emotions ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group Family

Caring for the persons with first episode psychosis is challenging and demanding. It may lead to the increased burden, expressed emotions among the caregivers. The numerous studies have shown that high burden and negative expressed emotions among caregivers can lead to early relapse in the patients with first episode psychosis. To evaluate the effects of the brief psychoeducation on the caregivers burden and expressed emotions. A quasi experimental - before and after with control group research design was adopted for the study. A total of 60 caregivers have participated in the study, of which 30 caregivers in experimental group and 30 caregivers in the control group. Family Burden Interview Schedule (Pai and Kapoor, 1981) and Attitude Questionnaire (Sethi et al., 1981) was used to assess caregiver's burden and expressed emotions. At end of the psychoeducation intervention, burden among caregivers and negative expressed emotions of the caregivers have significantly reduced. The positive expressed emotions have been increased. Study results demonstrates the importance of psychoeducation intervention in reducing the burden and negative expressed emotions.

scholarly journals Benefit of a pharmacist-led intervention for medication management of renal transplant patients: a controlled before-and-after study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232110052
Author(s):  
Jeremy Chambord ◽  
Lionel Couzi ◽  
Pierre Merville ◽  
Karine Moreau ◽  
Fabien Xuereb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patient Knowledge ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level

Aims: To assess the effect of a pharmacist-led intervention, using Barrows cards method, during the first year after renal transplantation, on patient knowledge about their treatment, medication adherence and exposure to treatment in a French cohort. Methods: We conducted a before-and-after comparative study between two groups of patients: those who benefited from a complementary pharmacist-led intervention [intervention group (IG), n = 44] versus those who did not [control group (CG), n = 48]. The pharmacist-led intervention consisted of a behavioral and educational interview at the first visit (visit 1). The intervention was assessed 4 months later at the second visit (visit 2), using the following endpoints: treatment knowledge, medication adherence [proportion of days covered (PDC) by immunosuppressive therapy] and tacrolimus exposure. Results: At visit 2, IG patients achieved a significantly higher knowledge score than CG patients (83.3% versus 72.2%, p = 0.001). We did not find any differences in treatment exposure or medication adherence; however, the intervention tended to reduce the proportion of non-adherent patients with low knowledge scores. Using the PDC by immunosuppressive therapy, we identified 10 non-adherent patients (10.9%) at visit 1 and six at visit 2. Conclusions: Our intervention showed a positive effect on patient knowledge about their treatment. However, our results did not show any improvement in overall medication adherence, which was likely to be because of the initially high level of adherence in our study population. Nevertheless, the intervention appears to have improved adherence in non-adherent patients with low knowledge scores.

scholarly journals Biomechanical properties of the bone during implant placement

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám László Nagy ◽  
Zsolt Tóth ◽  
Tamás Tarjányi ◽  
Nándor Tamás Práger ◽  
Zoltán Lajos Baráth
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Bone Model ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background In this research the biomechanical properties of a bone model was examined. Porcine ribs are used as experimental model. The objective of this research was to investigate and compare the biomechanical properties of the bone model before and after implant placement. Methods The bone samples were divided in three groups, Group 1 where ALL-ON-FOUR protocol was used during pre-drilling and placing the implants, Group 2 where ALL-ON-FOUR protocol was used during pre-drilling, and implants were not placed, and Group 3 consisting of intact bones served as a control group. Static and dynamic loading was applied for examining the model samples. Kruskal–Wallis statistical test and as a post-hoc test Mann–Whitney U test was performed to analyze experimental results. Results According to the results of the static loading, there was no significant difference between the implanted and original ribs, however, the toughness values of the bones decreased largely on account of predrilling the bones. The analysis of dynamic fatigue measurements by Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences between the intact and predrilled bones. Conclusion The pre-drilled bone was much weaker in both static and dynamic tests than the natural or implanted specimens. According to the results of the dynamic tests and after a certain loading cycle the implanted samples behaved the same way as the control samples, which suggests that implantation have stabilized the skeletal bone structure.

scholarly journals Regular Taekwondo Training Affects Mood State and Sociality but Not Cognitive Function among International Students in South Korea

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Ju-Yong Bae ◽  
Hee-Tae Roh
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

We aimed to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training on physical fitness, mood, sociality, and cognitive function among international students in South Korea. We randomly assigned 24 international students to a control group (CG, n = 12) and experimental group (EG, n = 12). The EG performed Taekwondo training for 16 weeks, while the CG did not train. Each participant underwent a physical fitness test and sociability questionnaire before and after the intervention. We also examined changes in mood state and cognitive function, using the Korean version of the Profile of Mood State-Brief (K-POMS-B), and the Stroop Color and Word test, respectively. Regarding the physical fitness variables, sit-and-reach records in the EG significantly increased after intervention (p < 0.05). In the sub-variable of K-POMS-B, Vigor-Activity scores significantly increased (p < 0.05) after intervention, while the Fatigue-Inertia scores significantly decreased in the EG (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the EG, peer relationship scores, a sub-variable of sociability, significantly decreased after intervention (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that Taekwondo training can not only improve flexibility among physical fitness factors, but can also be effective in improving the mood state and sociality of international students.

OP08 Levels and sources of stress reported by first year paramedic students associated with their first ambulance placement

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. A4.2-A4
Author(s):  
Matthew Warren-James ◽  
Julie Hanson ◽  
Belinda Flanagan ◽  
Mary Katsikitis ◽  
Bill Lord
Keyword(s):  
Death And Dying ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

BackgroundWhilst there is evidence to suggest paramedics experience significant stress when working in the ambulance setting little is known about the experiences of first year paramedic students. This research aimed to: (i) identify whether levels of stress, anxiety and depression experienced by first year paramedic students changed after ambulance placement compared to a control group, and (ii) identify the main perceived and actual sources of stress around ambulance placement.MethodsA before-and-after quasi-experimental design was used to compare whether the experience of ambulance placement altered the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in an experimental group that attended an ambulance placement (n = 20) and the control group who did not (n = 10). Online surveys encompassing the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and qualitative questions about sources of stress were concurrently deployed to both the experimental and control groups before and after the ambulance placement. Participants were first year paramedic students working in Queensland Ambulance Service, Australia.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in levels of stress in participants after undertaking their first ambulance placement (Mdn = -4.00) when compared to a control group (Mdn = 0.00), U = 52.5, p = .035, n2 = 0.15. Responses to survey questions suggest anticipation about experiencing death and dying of patients was the most frequently reported stressor of student paramedics before undertaking ambulance placements, however insecurity about knowledge, competence and fear of failure was the most frequently experienced stressor reported after completing ambulance placements.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that the fear of the unknown may be worse than the reality. Anticipatory stress is the foremost problem for first year paramedic students attending their first ambulance placement. Placement pre-briefing should focus on educational interventions to build knowledge and skills competency to reduce stress levels and fear of failure.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficacy of Synthetic and Natural-Derived Novel Endodontic Irrigant Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Tais Soligo ◽  
Ediléia Lodi ◽  
Ana Paula Farina ◽  
Matheus Albino Souza ◽  
Cristina de Mattos Pimenta Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE), calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)2], and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigant solutions with rotary or reciprocating instrumentation for disinfection of root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. The mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular molars were prepared and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days. The roots were then randomly divided into the following eight experimental groups (n=11) according to the instrumentation technique and disinfection protocol: ProTaper Next or Reciproc R25 with sodium chloride (control group), 6% NaOCl, 6% Ca(ClO)2, or 50% GSE used for irrigation during instrumentation. The antimicrobial activity was determined on the basis of a reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) counted on bacterial samples collected before and after root canal instrumentation and expressed as a percentage of reduction. Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in bacterial reduction between the ProTaper Next and Reciproc R25 systems (p>0.05), regardless of the irrigant solution used. Furthermore, all active solutions (6% NaOCl, 50% GSE, and 6% Ca(ClO)2) showed similar potential to reduce bacterial counts (p>0.05) and were significantly more effective than sodium chloride (control) (p<0.05). The results suggest that the GSE and Ca(ClO)2 have potential clinical application as irrigant solutions in endodontic therapy since they present bactericidal efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis.

scholarly journals Stress of nursing students in clinical simulation: a randomized clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radamés Boostel ◽  
Jorge Vinícius Cestari Felix ◽  
Carina Bortolato-Major ◽  
Edivane Pedrolo ◽  
Stela Adami Vayego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Clinical Simulation ◽  
Skill Laboratory ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare the perception of stressors by nursing students before and after a high-fidelity clinical simulation or conventional laboratory practice class. Method: This is a randomized clinical trial conducted with 52 nursing students. Both groups had theoretical classes about cardiothoracic physical examination, followed by practice class in skill laboratory. In addition, the experimental group took part in a high-fidelity simulation scenario. Stressors were evaluated before and after class, with the application of KEZKAK questionnaire. Results: The experimental group was significantly more worried about six factors related to lack of competence and to interpersonal relationships (p < 0.05), while the control group was significantly more worried about being in contact with suffering (p = 0.0315). Conclusion: The simulation affects students’ perception of stressors and promotes their self-evaluation and critical thinking regarding the responsibility that comes with their learning.

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