scholarly journals The psycho-religious mechanism behind suicide attacks: a mindsponge-based Bayesian statistical investigation and implications for the post-9/11 world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong ◽  
Tam-Tri Le ◽  
Minh-Hoang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Statistical Investigation ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Suicide Bombers ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
The World ◽  
Suicide Attacks

Regarding suicide, all major religions in the world share the principles of valuing and supporting life while respecting the dead. Many followers trust in religious teachings of mortality which promote peace and altruism. However, distorted extremists take advantage of such trust to recruit members for terroristic purposes through their propaganda. The current study explores the psycho-religious mechanism behind the suicide attacks by examining deeper into the suicidal ideation process. Bayesian analysis was performed on a multinational dataset of 268 university students in Japan. The results suggest that: (i) within religious students, those with a higher sense of connectedness tend to have lower suicidal ideation compared to those with a lower sense of connectedness. ; and (ii) within students who are more likely to seek help from religious leaders, those with a higher sense of connectedness tend to have lower suicidal ideation compared to those with a lower sense of connectedness. These findings suggest a complex psycho-religious mechanism of suicidal ideation.The results of conducted analyses are only for supporting the theorization of the mechanism of suicide-related information processing and in no way dealing with extremists’ thought processes (e.g., suicide bombers). The proposed mechanism explains how religious people may be at risk of being exploited by extremists. This manuscript is the fourth version of the study describing the logical framework and results of the study. Despite lacking many vital components, such as literature review, detailed explanation, and discussion of the results, we expect early reporting study’s results to provide a valuable way for understanding complex psycho-religious mechanisms behind the suicide bombers. More completed versions will be updated afterward.

scholarly journals A novel explanation of the psycho-religious mechanism behind suicide bombers and implications for dealing with terrorism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong ◽  
Tam-Tri Le ◽  
Hong-Kong T. Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Thanh Huyen ◽  
Minh-Hoang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
University Students ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Suicide Bombers ◽  
Detailed Explanation

The current study explores the psycho-religious mechanism behind the suicide bombers by examining deeper into the suicidal ideation process. Bayesian analysis was performed on a multinational dataset of 268 university students in Japan. The results suggest that: (i) within religious students, those with a higher sense of connectedness tend to have lower suicidal ideation compared to those with a lower sense of connectedness. ; and (ii) within students who are more likely to seek help from religious leaders, those with a higher sense of connectedness tend to have lower suicidal ideation compared to those with a lower sense of connectedness. These findings suggest a complex psycho-religious mechanism of suicidal ideation.This manuscript is the first version of the study describing the logical framework and results of the study. Despite lacking many vital components, such as literature review, detailed explanation, and discussion of the results, we expect early reporting study’s results to provide a valuable way for understanding complex psycho-religious mechanisms behind the suicide bombers. More completed versions will be updated afterward.

scholarly journals Suicide Bomb Attack Identification and Analytics through Data Mining Techniques

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Faria Ferooz ◽  
Malik Tahir Hassan ◽  
Mazhar Javed Awan ◽  
Haitham Nobanee ◽  
Maryam Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Association Rule ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Rule Mining ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Suicide Bombers ◽  
The World ◽  
Suicide Attacks ◽  
Bomb Attack ◽  
Attack Data

Suicide bomb attacks are a high priority concern nowadays for every country in the world. They are a massively destructive criminal activity known as terrorism where one explodes a bomb attached to himself or herself, usually in a public place, taking the lives of many. Terrorist activity in different regions of the world depends and varies according to geopolitical situations and significant regional factors. There has been no significant work performed previously by utilizing the Pakistani suicide attack dataset and no data mining-based solutions have been given related to suicide attacks. This paper aims to contribute to the counterterrorism initiative for the safety of this world against suicide bomb attacks by extracting hidden patterns from suicidal bombing attack data. In order to analyze the psychology of suicide bombers and find a correlation between suicide attacks and the prediction of the next possible venue for terrorist activities, visualization analysis is performed and data mining techniques of classification, clustering and association rule mining are incorporated. For classification, Naïve Bayes, ID3 and J48 algorithms are applied on distinctive selected attributes. The results exhibited by classification show high accuracy against all three algorithms applied, i.e., 73.2%, 73.8% and 75.4%. We adapt the K-means algorithm to perform clustering and, consequently, the risk of blast intensity is identified in a particular location. Frequent patterns are also obtained through the Apriori algorithm for the association rule to extract the factors involved in suicide attacks.

COVID-19 Pandemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Barak Bouks
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Suicide Bombers ◽  
Suicide Bombings ◽  
The World ◽  
Suicide Attacks ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Situation

Religious terror movements have long since been associated with violent Jihad and suicide bombings. As such, associated Jihadist perpetrators operate according to specific Muslim Fatwas (Clerical permissions), in order to carry out suicide attacks against their chosen targets. These perpetrators proclaim their willing to die for a definitive cause, regardless of any danger, as they expect an affluent after life in heaven. As COVID 19 erupted, the world came to a standstill and closure. The new situation affected terror movements globally. While previously Jihadists used to be regarded as fearless towards any death threat, COVID 19 is changing such former thoughts. Radical clerics issued new warnings for these Jihadists, to be aware of infected areas, temporarily making Europe practically a non-target for terror operations. This new significant modus operandum is an important topic for research. For the first time suicide bombers and Jihadists implement self-preservation techniques, while death itself is being considered as a threat rather than an achievement. This study finds that these perpetrators implement rational, calculated tactics, as religion is considered to be a part of this tactic, yet, they are not monolithic. They operate differently from one country to another, while having to review constantly the effectiveness of their operation vis-à-vis the support of the local population.

Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation in Sri Lanka

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudath Samaraweera ◽  
Athula Sumathipala ◽  
Sisira Siribaddana ◽  
S. Sivayogan ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
National Average ◽  
The West ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The World

Background: Suicidal ideation can often lead to suicide attempts and completed suicide. Studies have shown that Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of suicide in the world but so far no studies have looked at prevalence of suicidal ideation in a general population in Sri Lanka. Aims: We wanted to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation by randomly selecting six Divisional Secretariats (Dss) out of 17 in one district. This district is known to have higher than national average rates of suicide. Methods: 808 participants were interviewed using Sinhala versions of GHQ-30 and Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Of these, 387 (48%) were males, and 421 (52%) were female. Results: On Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation, 29 individuals (4%) had active suicidal ideation and 23 (3%) had passive suicidal ideation. The active suicidal ideators were young, physically ill and had higher levels of helplessness and hopelessness. Conclusions: The prevalence of suicidal ideation in Sri Lanka is lower than reported from the West and yet suicide rates are higher. Further work must explore cultural and religious factors.

scholarly journals Alice in Suicideland: Exploring the Suicidal Ideation Mechanism through the Sense of Connectedness and Help-Seeking Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3681
Author(s):  
Minh-Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Tam-Tri Le ◽  
Hong-Kong To Nguyen ◽  
Manh-Toan Ho ◽  
Huyen T. Thanh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviors ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Cultural Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Informal Help

On average, one person dies by suicide every 40 s. However, extant studies have largely focused on the risk factors for suicidal behaviors, not so much on the formation of suicidal thoughts. Therefore, we attempt to explain how suicidal thoughts arise and persist inside one’s mind using a multifiltering information mechanism called Mindsponge. Bayesian analysis with Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique was run on a dataset of multinational students (N = 268) of an international university in Japan. Item 9 in the PHQ-9 was used to survey suicidal ideation. The associations among four main variables, namely, (i) suicidal ideation, (ii) help-seeking willingness (informal and formal sources), (iii) sense of connectedness, and (iv) information inaccessibility (represented by being international students), were tested in four models. Sense of connectedness is negatively associated with suicidal ideation, but its effect becomes less impactful when interacting with international students. The impact of a sense of connectedness on informal help-seeking willingness (toward family members) among international students is also lessened. Informal help-seeking is negatively associated with suicidal ideation, whereas formal help is positive. The findings support our assumption on three fundamental conditions for preventing suicidal thoughts: (i) a high degree of belongingness, (ii) accessibility to help-related information, and (iii) healthy perceived cultural responses towards mental health. Therefore, systematically coordinated programs are necessary to effectively tackle suicidal ideation.

Rudolf Otto: Parallelen und Wertunterschiede im Christentum und Buddhatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-350
Author(s):  
Thomas Linke
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Christian Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rudolf Otto ◽  
First Time

Abstract This is a new (and for the first time complete) edition of a speech about Buddhism by Rudolf Otto from 1913. This speech is his first academic reflexion of his journey around the world and his most detailed explanation of his view on this religion. In the first part of his speech Otto compares Buddhism with Christianity and finds a lot of parallels. In the second part he defines differences between these two religions and proclaims – from a Christian perspective – Christianity as more valuable than Buddhism. The preface puts the speech into its context: Otto’s relationship to and his knowledge of Buddhism (1), the history of publication of this speech (2), Otto’s specific view on Buddhism in comparison to his contemporaries (3), the meaning of this speech in his œuvre (4) and explanations about the edition (5). The editor has the opinion, that this speech is an important transition from Ottos philosophy of religion to his main work The Idea of the Holy. It further is a good example of what Otto means when speaking about the comparison of religions.

Die harte Schule der neuen Gewalt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Rinke
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
East West

This study examines the fundamental new direction in German theological peace ethics since the end of the East–West conflict. It guides the reader through the thought processes and discoveries of leading Catholic and Protestant peace ethicists and, in doing so, through the significant developments in theological peace ethics in Germany amid the tough new realities that have emerged since the end of the Cold War. In addition, the book discusses the normative premises for conduct conducive to peace which German theological peace ethics has devised in order to fulfil its responsibility to the world in the face of today’s new, violent conflicts.

Mandelstam: The Realm of Unexpectedness

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Neretina
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
The Real ◽  
Logical Construction ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Middle Ages

In the essay “Conversation about Dante,” Mandelstam described logic, which he defined as the “realm of unexpectedness,” which is unlike any everyday logical construction. Based on the analysis of Mandelstam’s text, it is assumed that we are talking about a tropology that arose in the Middle Ages, the principles of which can be derived from studies of St. Augustine’s treatise De Dialectica and Petrus Сomestor’s Historia Scholastica. It is this triple commonwealth (Augustine – Comestor – Dante, read by Mandelstam) that creates the multilayered logical framework of the work. Augustine created a completely different dialectic than in classical antiquity. Augustine considers dialectics as an art of discussion and describes the real steps that contribute to the emergence of speech, which corresponds to Mandelstam’s concept of conversation. According to Augustine, at the basis of any speech, is a trope-turn. In the article, attention is drawn to the sound nature of creation process. This logic, used in explaining the creation of the world according to the logos/word (tropology), assumes that, at the basis of the speech act, there is no the word as a unit of speech, but the sound itself – the sound, which was considered initially equivocal (ambiguous). In the process of pronounciation, the sound could turn into its opposite and could change the meaning of speech if the context has been changed. Dante expressed the meaning of tropology in practice. Mandelstam wrote that he had chosen Dante for the conversation (between poet and poet) “because he is the greatest and indisputable master of reversible and reversing poetic substance.” Mandelstam saw Dante as the Descartes of metaphor.

scholarly journals An investigation on the frequency of thoughts, readiness and suicide attempt in individuals with thalassemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1847-1853
Author(s):  
Sahar Attar ◽  
Nour Mohammad Bakhshani ◽  
Qasem Miri Aliabad
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World

Background and Aim: Thalassemia major is one of the most common chronic genetic diseases in the world and in Iran that can impose many adverse effects on the self and society. Psychologically, patients with thalassemia are under stress. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is important to identify the people who have the highest risk factors for suicide. The present research investigates the frequency of thoughts, readiness and suicide attempts in people with thalassemia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Its sample was 150 patients with thalassemia in the age range of 10 to 46 years whom we selected through census by sampling at convenience. We gave to patients a standardized Beck Suicide Thought Assessment Questionnaire. We analyzed the research data using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: From among 150 patients with thalassemia in this study, 57.3% of the respondents were male and 42.7% were female. The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between suicide thoughts and attempts and age (-0.234) (P <0.05). The mean prevalence of suicide in men (1.89) was significantly higher compared to women (0.79) (P <0.05). We did not observe significant difference in prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts between married and single groups with a mean difference (0.69) (P <0.05) and, in different educational groups, no significant difference was reported (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that among patients with thalassemia, the prevalence of suicidal ideation has a significant percentage. Since suicidal ideation provides a platform for preparation and attempt to commit suicide, so by providing mental health services and regular screening, we can take an effective step to prevent this problem among patients with thalassemia. Keywords: Thalassemia, Suicidal ideation, Suicide.

scholarly journals Preditores de idealização suicida entre estudantes de medicina: uma revisão sistemática

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Victor Meireles Campos ◽  
Ieda Aleluia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Objective ◽  
De Medicina

BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation is one of the main symptoms indicative of suicide attempts and suicide. According to the WHO, about 800,000 cases of suicide were reported around the world in 2014, which translates to an index of 1 suicide every 40 seconds. Medical students constitute a population at risk for the development of suicidal ideation. Several life factors may influence the risk of suicidal ideation, those being personality traits, social factors and mental health. OBJECTIVE: Identify the indicators of suicidal ideation among medical students during their academic training. METHODS: This is a systematic review carried out in the electronic databases Pubmed and BVS. Articles that addressed the subject of suicidal ideation among medical students in Portuguese, English and Spanish from 2008 to 2018 were included. RESULTS: We found 263 articles, of which 12 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the application of the STROBE statement, 6 articles were selected for the creation of this systematic review. The prevalence of suicidal ideation varied from 3.7% to 35.6% around the world and several factors were linked to the increase of suicidal ideation risk. CONCLUSION: A suicidal ideation is a frequent and multifactorial phenomenon that involves several realms of a medical student's life. The risk factors identified in this review were linked to the increased risk of suicidal ideation development.

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