scholarly journals Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Review of practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi Adeniyi ◽  
James Akinlua ◽  
Shri Babarao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Diabetic Mother ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Gestation Age

The audit was to measure compliance to the Arrowe Park neonatal unit hypoglycaemia guideline which was adopted in 2017. The guideline reflected lowering the blood sugar threshold from 2.6 to 2.0mmol/litre in neonates from 34weeks to 42weeks gestation age. The study looked into the incidence of hypoglycaemia in babies with suspected sepsis and perinatal acidosis.METHODSThis was a retrospective audit of babies at risk of hypoglycaemia on the postnatal ward.58 babies between 34weeks to 42weeks gestation age recruited from 1/2/2019 to 28/02/2019. The indications are- Prematurity- 34-36weeks (10), Infant of diabetic mother (4), Infant of the mother with gestational diabetes (6), Infant of mother on B-blockers (5). Others are suspected sepsis (11), and perinatal asphyxia/acidosis (11). Proforma generated based on British Association of perinatal medicine (BAPM) guideline on management of hypoglycaemia.RESULTS1 out of 10 babies born at gestation age 34-37weeks and 1 out of 5 babies of born to diabetic mother had blood glucose 2, 0- They are asymptomatic.2 out of 11 babies with suspected sepsis had blood glucose <2. The 2 babies had a negative blood culture and C-reactive protein.2134 The 8th Congress of the European Academy of Paediatric Societies - EAPS 2020Poster PresentationCONCLUSIONThe effect of dropping the blood sugar threshold from 2,6- 2mmmol/l is safe for this study and no record of neonate symptomatic at blood glucose of 2,0-2,6mmol/l. Risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia in neonates with suspected sepsis and cord Ph<7, 1 has not been noted in this audit. This study needs to be carried out with large sample size and possible multiple centres.

Is Routine Monitoring for Hypoglycemia Required in Intramural Asymptomatic Infant of Diabetic Mother? An Audit in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Jayant Khandare ◽  
Madhusudhan DS ◽  
Anitha Ananthan ◽  
Ruchi Nanavati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Mother ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Infant Of Diabetic Mother ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Asymptomatic Infant

Abstract Aims This retrospective audit aimed to analyze whether routine frequent monitoring for hypoglycemia is required in asymptomatic infant of diabetic mother born in tertiary care hospital. Methods The study analyzed the blood sugar level of 196 infants of diabetic mothers. Results The overall incidence of hypoglycemia from 196 study participants was 9.18% (N = 18). The incidence of hypoglycemia at 2 h of life was maximum (83.33%) and it was significant when compared to 3, 6, 9 and 12 h (p < 0.0001). Blood glucose levels were significantly more at 6 (p = 0.0002)), 9 (p = 0.0001) and 12 h (p = 0.0001) when compared to glucose level at 2 h except at 3 h of life (p = 0.062). Similarly blood glucose at 9 (p = 0.0001) and 12 h of life (p = 0.0002) were significantly more than at 3 h of life. Blood glucose at 9 h was significantly more than at 6 h of life (0.032) and at 12 hours of life (p = 0.0237) was significantly higher than at 6 h of life. Conclusion The frequent blood glucose monitoring for hypoglycemia in infant of diabetic mother as per American Academy of Pediatrics may be reduced as per the findings in our study. However, this needs to be confirmed by a properly designed observational study/adequately powered randomized controlled trial.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of hypoglycemia in neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Sayooj Somanathan ◽  
Sriram Pothapregada ◽  
Anuradha Varadhan ◽  
Ruth Ann Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Neonatal Risk Factors

Background: This study was conducted to study the clinical profile of hypoglycemia in newborn and to determine the prevalence of hypoglycemia among neonates admitted in NICU.Methods: All newborns admitted in NICU were examined and those with hypoglycemia (GMR<45 mg/dl) were included in the study and observed. In neonates with risk factors blood sugar was screened at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of life or whenever symptoms suggestive of hypoglycemia developed in any neonates and for critically sick neonates blood sugar was screened in every 6 hour in active phase of illness. Any neonates with blood glucose level less than 45 mg/dl were analysed for maternal risk factors, neonatal risk factors and course in the NICU.Results: The prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia was 14.9% among NICU admissions. The maternal risk factors were GDM, PIH, and PROM. The neonatal risk factors were prematurity, SGA, LGA and comorbid conditions which include perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, polycythemia, shock. The common symptoms were poor feeding, lethargy, jitteriness, convulsions, irritability, hypotonia and cyanosis. Majority of the neonates required only oral feeds for correction of hypoglycemia.Conclusions: Blood glucose screening in neonates with this risk factor is mandatory as many of the neonates were asymptomatic. The importance of early initiation of breast feeding to prevent hypoglycemia should be emphasized. 

scholarly journals Modeling the Effect of Subcutaneous Lixisenatide on Glucoregulatory Endocrine Secretions and Gastric Emptying in Type 2 Diabetes to Simulate the Effect of iGlarLixi Administration Timing on Blood Sugar Profiles

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682110156
Author(s):  
Thibault Gautier ◽  
Rupesh Silwal ◽  
Aramesh Saremi ◽  
Anders Boss ◽  
Marc D. Breton
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Administration Timing

Background: As type 2 diabetes (T2D) progresses, intensification to combination therapies, such as iGlarLixi (a fixed-ratio GLP-1 RA and basal insulin combination), may be required. Here a simulation study was used to assess the effect of iGlarLixi administration timing (am vs pm) on blood sugar profiles. Methods: Models of lixisenatide were built with a selection procedure, optimizing measurement fits and model complexity, and were included in a pre-existing T2D simulation platform containing glargine models. With the resulting tool, a simulated trial was conducted with 100 in-silico participants with T2D. Individuals were given iGLarLixi either before breakfast or before an evening meal for 2 weeks and daily glycemic profiles were analyzed. In the model, breakfast was considered the largest meal of the day. Results: A similar percentage of time within 24 hours was spent with blood sugar levels between 70 to 180 mg/dL when iGlarLixi was administered pre-breakfast or pre-evening meal (73% vs 71%, respectively). Overall percent of time with blood glucose levels above 180 mg/dL within a 24-hour period was similar when iGlarLixi was administered pre-breakfast or pre-evening meal (26% vs 28%, respectively). Rates of hypoglycemia were low in both regimens, with a blood glucose concentration of below 70 mg/dL only observed for 1% of the 24-hour time period for either timing of administration. Conclusions: Good efficacy was observed when iGlarlixi was administered pre-breakfast; however, administration of iGlarlixi pre-evening meal was also deemed to be effective, even though in the model the size of the evening meal was smaller than that of the breakfast.

scholarly journals Effect of Regular Khat Chewing on Serum Fasting Sugar Level in Diabetic patients versus Healthy Individuals; A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110352
Author(s):  
Yordanos Mengistu ◽  
Gobena Dedefo ◽  
Mesay Arkew ◽  
Gebeyehu Asefa ◽  
Gutema Jebessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewer

Background: Khat chewing is a long standing social-cultural habit in several countries. Even though many people chew khat simply for its pleasurable and stimulatory effect, evidence showed widely-held belief among khat chewers in Ethiopia and other part of the world that khat helps to lower blood glucose while some studies are contradicted on the effect of khat. There is limited data about khat’s effect on blood glucose especially in our setting, Harar estern Ethiopia. Objective: Primarily the present study aims to compare fasting blood sugar level among khat chewer diabetic and healthy individuals, and to asses risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Method: A cross-sectional study included 200 confirmed diabetic and healthy subjects. Fasting blood sugar was determined by enzymatic method glucose oxidase and glucose hexokinase. Glycemic control was also determined for diabetic subjects based on the last 2-month diabetic clinic visits and current measurement. Result: (Median ± IQR [interquartile range]) fasting blood sugar difference among Khat chewer and non khat chewer were 159 ± 83 mg/dl and 202 ± 79 mg/dl respectively in diabetic subjects when tested by glucose oxidase. Similarly, in healthy non khat chewer and khat chewer, khat chewers has lower (Median ± IQR) fasting blood glucose level 82 ± 18 mg/dl than non khat chewers 94 ± 13 mg/dl when tested by glucose oxidase. Regarding risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic subjects, positive parental diabetes history, insulin medication, being overweight, obese were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: There was significant effect of khat on median FBS among khat chewers in diabetic and healthy individuals. And the proportion of glycemic control was high among diabetic subjects. Recommendation: Health care professional and patients should manage the risk factors to delay disease progression and restrain the damage. More studies should be conducted in randomized control trial manner to further elucidate khat effect on blood sugar level so that the actual effect of khat can be identified unlike in cross sectional where there may not be strong causal relationship.

STUDIES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Rosita S. Pildes ◽  
Audrey E. Forbes ◽  
Marvin Cornblath
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Newborn Infant

Blood sugar determinations were done during the first 5 days of life on 100 sets of twins. Hypoglycemia was found in the smaller member in 8 of 11 pairs who were discordant by more than 25% with the smaller twin weighing less than 2.0 kg. Hypoglycemia occurred in one other pair of the remaining 89 sets of twins. Blood glucose values were not influenced by the birth order or the sex of the infants. Infants who weighed over 2,500 gm had significantly higher blood sugars than those who weighed below 2,500 gm.

Literature Riview : Pengaruh Terapi Relaksasi Otot Progresif Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 921-927
Author(s):  
Oki Yanuarti ◽  
Nuniek Nizmah Fajriyah ◽  
Firman Faradisi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Relaxation Therapy ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

AbstractDiabetes melitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels in the body, caused by abnormalitized in insulin secretion. One of the non-pharmacological method to reduce blood sugar level is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This study aims to identify the effect of progressive muscle relaxation techniques in lowering blood sugar. A literature review of studies of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in reducing blood sugar publishedin 2011-2020 was conducted. The average number of respondents was 26 male and female responden with and average age of 55-60. The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation therapy was able to control blood glucose among diabetic. This study concludes that progressive muscle relaxation therapy effectively reduce blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes melitus. The findings suggest that progressive muscle relaxation therapy can be used as non-pharmacological therapy to lower blood sugar levels.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Progressive muscle relaxation AbstrakDiabetes melitus merupakan suatu penyakit degeneratif yang bermasalah pada sistem metabolik ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar gula darah dalam tubuh dan disebabkan karena kelainan sekresi insulin. Pada pasien diabetes melitus akan mengalami peningkatan kadar gula darah dalam tubuh, salah satu cara non farmakologis yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus yaitu dengan terapi relaksasi otot progresif. Tujuan dari Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran dari pengaruh teknik relaksasi otot progresif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Metode yang dilakukan dengan mencari tiga jurnal penelitian tentang pengaruh terapi relaksasi otot progresif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus terbit pada tahun 2011-2020. Hasil analisa karakteristik responden dari ketiga jurnal menunjukan jumlah responden rata-rata 26 responden laki-laki dan perempuan dengan usia rata-rata 55-60 tahun. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah dilakukan terapi relaksasi otot progresif kadar gula darah pasien menjadi terkontrol. Simpulan dari karya tulis ilmiah ini yaitu terapi relaksasi otot progresif efektif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Saran bagi perawat atau penderita diabetes melitus terapi relaksasi otot progresif dapat digunakan sebagai terapi non farmakologis untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus; Relaksasi Otot Progresif

scholarly journals Effect of nicorandil, on blood glucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rats and its pharmacodynamic interaction with glibenclamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2378
Author(s):  
Soni .
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Potassium Channel Opener ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Interaction

Background: Diabetes increases the risk of macrovascular complications and is often associated with angina in patient. Currently nicorandil, a potassium channel opener is being frequently used for the prevention and long-term treatment of angina pectoris. Glibenclamide exerts its antidiabetic action by closing the ATP sensitive potassium channels. Simultaneous use of nicorandil may antagonizes this action and may worsens the existing diabetes. To evaluate the pharmacodynamic interaction present study has been taken to study the effect of Nicorandil, a potassium channel opener on blood glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic rats and its pharmacodynamics interaction with Glibenclamide.Methods: Albino rats, weighing 150-200gm of male sex were used for the study. Diabetes was induced by injecting alloxan monohydrate 2% solution intra peritoneally in a dose of 150mg/kg body weight. Animal with Fasting Blood Sugar level between 250-300g/dl was selected for study and they were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group I- serving as control received 0.5ml normal saline orally for 28 days. Group II was given glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg body wt) for 28 days. Group III was treated orally with nicorandil (0.3mg/kg body wt) for 28 days. Group IV was given glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) and nicorandil (0.3mg/kg) for 28 days. Fasting Blood Sugar level was recorded in all rats on 1st,3rd,7th,14th,21st and 28th day of the treatments.Results: results showed that glibenclamide significantly reduce blood sugar level (p <0.05) Wherase nicorandil showed rise in blood glucose level (p <0.05) While the combination (glibenclamide + nicorandil) showed rise in blood glucose (p <0.05) overall.Conclusions: Nicorandil worsen the existing diabetes and to be avoided or replaced with alternative drug in case of diabetes being treated with sulfonyl urease group of drugs.

scholarly journals Comparison between the QRMA Measurement with the Anamnesis and the Capillary Blood Glucose Test

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Muflih Muflih ◽  
Suwarsi Suwarsi ◽  
Fajarina Lathu Asmarani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucose Test

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The examination of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can be done by reviewing their complaints and through a capillary blood glucose level test to determine the value of their Random Blood Glucose Level. QRMA (Quantum Resonance Magnetic Analyzer) is claimed to be able to check the patient’s bodily condition (including blood glucose) with an accuracy of 85%. The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the QRMA tool and its accuracy by comparing the results of the anamnesis and the examination conducted using the capillary blood glucose test method.Methods: The research method used was a cross-sectional design. The total sample consisted of 44 respondents in the working area of the Community Health Centers in Yogyakarta with the risk factor being blood sugar level instability. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The main variable in this study was the value of the blood sugar level measured based on the coefficient value of the QRMA tool and the value of Random Blood Glucose obtained through the capillary blood glucose test.Results: The blood glucose value was not correlated significantly with the coefficient value of QRMA. The value of blood glucose when examined alongside the result of the respondent's anamnesis showed there to be a significant difference. The value of the QRMA coefficient when examined against the results from the history of the respondents showed no significant difference. Linear regression showed that the variables of height, body weight, and IMT had a correlation with the QRMA coefficient value.Conclusion: The QRMA tool was not able to provide a picture of the actual condition of the blood glucose level of the respondents when compared with the results of the anamnesis and the blood glucose value from the capillary blood glucose test. Non-invasive health measurement devices such as QRMA are not used by nurses as a standard for determining the health status of DM patients.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JUS LIDAH BUAYA TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA DAN 2 JAM PP(Post Prandial) PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Febria Syafyu Sari ◽  
Ridhyalla Afnuhazi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

ABSTRAK Diabetes Melitus merupakan penyakit yang paling menonjol yang disebabkan oleh gagalnya pengaturan gula darah. Lidah buaya berkhasiat untuk menurunkan kadar gula dalam darah bagi penderita diabetes dan dapat mengontrol tekanan darah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh jus lidah buaya (AloeBarbadensis Miller) terhadap penurunan glukosa darah puasa GDP) dan 2 Jam PP (Post Prendial) pada penderita DM (Diabetes Melitus). Desain penelitian merupakan Quasi Eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest – postest design. Sampel terbagi menjadi 14 responden. Data dianalisis dengan paired t-test. Hasil menunjukan rata-rata penurunan glukosa darah puasa pada intervensi (28,42 gr/dl) dan glukosa darah 2 jam pp pada intervensi (40,57 gr/dl). Untuk analisis bivariat terdapat perbedaan antara glukosa puasa dan 2 jam pp dengan glukosa darah puasa GDP) dan 2 Jam PP (Post Prendial) pada penderita DM (Diabetes Melitus). Kesimpulan didapatkanlidah buaya dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian jus lidah buaya dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif keperawatan non farmakologi dalam penyakit diabetes melitus. Kata Kunci : Lidah Buaya ; Diabetes Mellitus THE EFFECT OF VEGETABLE VOCATIONAL JUICE ON FAST BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND 2 HOURS OF PP (Post Prandial) IN DIABETES MELLITUS  ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is the most prominent disease caused by the failure of blood sugar regulation. Aloe vera is efficacious can to  reduce blood sugar levels for diabetics and can control blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe Barbadensis Miller on the reduction of fasting blood glucose GDP and 2 hours of PP (post prendial) in patients with diabetes mellitus. The research design is Experimental Quasi with one group pretest - postest design approach. The sample is divided into 14 respondents. Data were analyzed by paired t-test. The results showed an average decrease in fasting blood glucose at intervention (28.42 gr / dl) and 2 hours pp blood glucose at intervention (40.57 gr / dl). For bivariate analysis there was a difference between fasting glucose and 2 hours pp with fasting blood glucose GDP) and 2 hours PP (Post Prendial) in patients with diabetes mellitus. The conclusion is that aloe vera can reduce blood glucose levels. Based on the results of research on aloe vera juice can be an alternative non-pharmacological nursing in diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Aloe Vera ; Diabetes Mellitus

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