scholarly journals Book Review : Filsafat Ilmu dan Logika : Dialektika Perubahan (Philosophy of Science and Logic Dialectic of Change)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safin Karunia Rojuli ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Know How ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Introductory Discussion

This book was written based on the question "What and Why is the Philosophy of Science?". Until now, it seems that no one can stop the rapid progress of science. Recent history records science as a form of rational human thought with the results of various scientific disciplines and sub-disciplines. Accompanied by suitable methodological materials and buildings, it is well preserved in libraries or scientific institutions such as universities. The progress of science cannot be separated from every discovery that is useful for the advancement of human life. The book is perfect for a beginner who wants to study the philosophy of science and wants to know the basics of logic. Very helpful for someone who wants or will study philosophy of science. The content of the discussion that contains the history of philosophical thought to the history of methodology in modern science is beneficial for ordinary people who want to know how to develop science. By studying philosophy of science, we try to look again at a more radical and critical view of the history and development of this book. The book presents several philosophers in several periods and discusses the essays that have been written. This book contains seven chapters beginning with an introductory discussion of philosophy, several branches of science, the history of the development of philosophy, which has been packaged. In the following chapters, this book discusses the basics of logic, how to present the philosophy of science, to discuss the influence of philosophical thought on modernity.Reviewing the book entitled "Filsafat Ilmu dan Logika: Dialektika Perubahan (Philosophy of Science and Logic: Dialectics of Change)", the reviewer has several reasons he chose this book. Books are by the provisions and themes given by the philosophy of science lecturers. The purpose of reviewing this book is to provide a brief description based on the author's reading experience of the contents in the book. This paper is addressed to someone who will read this book.

The Second Royal Society Nuffield Lecture Anthropological models and social reality

1966 ◽  
Vol 165 (998) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Social Life

In trying to show you the character of social anthropology as an academic discipline, I might try to sketch some substantive and perhaps intriguing findings in the field, or the history of its development, or some of its major intellectual problems today. I have chosen the last of these alternatives, because by showing the general problems we are grappling with I hope to reveal to you, in part no doubt inadvertently, the ways that anthropologists think, and also how our difficulties in part arise from the character of the social reality itself, which we confront and try to understand. The fundamental questions which social anthropology asks are about the forms, the nature, and the extent of order in human social life, as it can be observed in the different parts of the world. There is no need to prejudge the extent of this order; as members of one society we know how unpredictable social life can be. But concretely, human life varies greatly around the world, and it seems possible to characterize its forms to some extent. We seek means systematically to discover, record and understand these forms.

The Contribution of New Zealand Geoscientists to the Development of Scientific Institutions

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
History Of Geology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science And Research

The history of geology in New Zealand illustrates the ability of pioneer earth scientists to contribute to other scientific disciplines and to the foundation and administration of institutions for the promotion of science and research, thus exemplifying the late S.E. Hollingworth's conclusion "that geologists are particularly qualified to exercise sound judgement and to develop that capacity in non-technical aspects of administration and management". This tenet is illustrated by the careers and achievements of Walter B.D. Mantell, Ferdinand Hochstetter, Julius Haast, W. Lauder Lindsay, James Hector, and Colin Fraser.

scholarly journals Sufism and Challenges of Modern Science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeyedAmir Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
World View ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

If the universe is defined as a manifestation of the Divine in the Alevi-Bektashi and other Sufi thoughts, what are their responses to modern dominant philosophy and science that is fundamentally secular and leaves no space for the Sacred? Sufism is a broad and diverse movement within the history of Islam. It nevertheless represents a Divine-centric cosmology in which God -through His creation- is invisibly visible, and He is at the same time, the eternal and inward reality of the external and visible world. In other words, God is the eternal meaning of everything. This paper will study the question of philosophical assessment of modern philosophy and scientific world-view from a Sufi perspective. In particular, it will examine the phenomenon of modern science and technology from the perspective of the Sufi and traditionalist school of Islam. Thereupon, this paper aims to outline and examine the question of Sacred in confrontation of Secular in the context of Sufism and philosophy. For a Sufi-philosophical thought, this work will assess the idea of reviving sacred or religious science mostly elaborated in the works of Nasr.

U-4 The Importance & Significance of DNA Evidence in Islamic Shari'ah

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Zain-ul-Abdin Arijo
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Research Article ◽  
History Of

This research article discusses facts about DNA. It is the building block of the body that plays an important role in making the whole body. It is the inherent substance of not only humans but also all other organisms, which is the key to sharing information from parent to child. All genetic information has been structured to transmit traits from one generation to the next, and also to discover the history of DNA. DNA is not only discovered by accident, but by research, it is discovered in its proper way, along with its existence and production. In the light of modern science and Islamic law, the effects and results of DNA tests have also been made clear that Islam has made everything clear like glass even though a single test can produce positive results. DNA testing is specifically designed to help you answer our questions about childbirth. This article mentions several Islamic rules regarding human life. DNA testing is a new and innovative technique. Which is done for different purposes but in the light of Islam unlike the modern world, it has a different view.

scholarly journals Lucian Blaga: O Método na Ciência Moderna/Lucian Blaga: The Method in Modern Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Bortolo Valle
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Scientific Experiment ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
History Of

Este trabalho pretende apresentar aspectos do pensamento filosófico sobre a ciência desenvolvido pelo filósofo romeno Lucian Blaga. Tomando como base a história do desenvolvimento da pesquisa científica, o autor busca evidenciar o papel do experimento e sua singularidade na ciência de tipo galileo-newtoniano destacando a extensão metodológica e o lugar do supramétodo. Busca indicar de que maneira a presença da matemática, no âmbito da ciência moderna, conduziu a pesquisa científica para além dos horizontes da ciência grega.Abstract: The present study aims at introducing aspects of the philosophical thought on science developed by the Romanian philosopher Lucian Blaga. Based on the history of the development of scientific research the author aims at highlighting the role of experiments and their uniqueness in the Galileo-Newtonian science, emphasizing the methodological extension and the place of the super method. It aims to point out how the presence of mathematics in the context of modern science has led the scientific research beyond the horizons of Greek science. Keywords: Scientific experiment; method; Lucian Blaga.

scholarly journals History of Psychology

Psychology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Devonis ◽  
Wade Pickren
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Standard Textbook ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

At its inception as a specialty within psychology in the first decades of the 20th century, the history of psychology was usually conceived as an extension of the history of philosophy, with perhaps some special attention given to the development of modern science. Within the last thirty years, the history of psychology has come of age and has become as diverse as its sprawling subject: historical studies have proliferated as psychologists’ activities have expanded and diversified. Alongside the original purpose of delineating the evolution of psychology from the historical roots of science, philosophy, medicine, and other intellectual traditions, recent histories of psychology have been very concerned with describing and explaining the social, organizational, and political context of psychological events and theories. Thus, the scholar of the history of any area of psychology would do well to become acquainted with other specialized literature not only of the specific area of psychology in which the historical events take place, but also of the political, social, and economic systems which condition them. Those with an interest in the history of any area of psychology which is not represented in any part of this necessarily selective article should adopt the attitude of confident pioneering which characterizes the leading historical scholarship in psychology today, school themselves in some basic techniques of historical investigation, and contribute to the further deepening and elaboration of our rich historical record. The timeframe of this article is the period from 1900 onward, mainly in the United States and Western Europe. This article contains a brief orientation and a section on the history of psychology as represented in Textbooks, classic and modern. There are also several sections expanding on the range of essential reference resources: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, and Bibliographies; Compendia and Readers, along with collections of primary-source excerpts; Journals and blogs; Illustrations, Artifacts, and Archives; Timelines and Rankings of Eminence; Biography and Autobiography; and background about major Professional Organizations connected to the history of psychology. The philosophical context is represented by sections containing critiques of standard textbook history, sections that contextualize psychology’s history within the philosophy of science (see History and Philosophy of Science), a section on disciplinary taxonomy organized around the question of the Unity vs. Diversity of Psychology, and a section on several “crises” in 20th-century psychology. There is a selection of works surveying the transformation of psychology from science to applied technology (see the Transition from Science to Technology, 1880–1970). Histories of Subfields—theoretical and applied, with a special section on clinical psychology—are included, along with sections detailing the history of psychology in the contexts of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture as well as Gender. Finally, the section on Future Directions includes a selection of works pointing toward areas of potential future development in the field.

scholarly journals System classification of tourismology: scientific traditions and modern calls

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Oresta Bordun ◽  
Pavlo Romaniv
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Integrative System ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Tourism Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Fundamental Categories

This exploratory article attempts to generalize knowledge and approaches to the understanding of tourism as integrating concepts in scientific discourse on the study and research of tourism as a phenomenon of human life. There are new requirements in the study of theoretical and applied some problems before tourism science, in particular at the level of understanding of tourism as an object of scientific knowledge. The topical theoretical task is to harmonize the understanding and interpretation of tourism science, tourismology, their parts, the improvement of the concept of the separation of object-subject and methodological foundations of scientific disciplines. To solve these and other actual problems, it is necessary to combine the efforts of various sciences and their parts, individual scientists nationally and globally. The article deals with the peculiarities of tourism as a social phenomenon, an object of scientific knowledge and research, an efficient branch of economics, a part of fundamental and applied sciences, and its structure. Each science has its own subject and object of research and is a synthesis of knowledge about the phenomena of reality that it studies. However, it certainly is in certain interrelationships with other sciences. Thus, the methodological functions of tourism and tourismology are considered, such as: integrative, system-forming, structural-functional. Approaches to understanding the essence of tourism, tourism, as the fundamental categories in the scientific sense of the main object of research – tourism are described. Particular attention is paid to the geography of tourism, its place in the system of sciences and individual disciplines, their connection between them and their mutual influence. The basic directions of tourism studies are defined: the philosophy of tourism, the history of tourism, praxeology of tourism, the geography of tourism, cultural studies of tourism. We have identified tourismology and positioned it in the classification scheme over tourism in the context of scientific substantiation and conceptualization of theoretical and practical foundations of tourism studies with all its components. Key words: tourism, tourism science, tourismology, tourism geography, classification.

History of Science: Projects and Realities

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Kuznetsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the key methodological problems of the contemporary research in the field of the history of science. It is shown that in the 18th and 19th centuries works on the history of science demonstrated the difficult paths of scientists to the heights of scientific discoveries. The positivism of the 19th century has opened the field of the philosophy of science, emphasizing the crucial role of scientific knowledge for the development of civilization. The history of science is fundamental for the justification of this thesis. However, in the 20th century, the history of science has solved mainly applied problems. It was necessary as a cursory review of the main achievements of various scientific disciplines arranged in chronological order. In fact, the history of science was based on the cumulative concept of the development of science. The criticism of cumulatism and the fight against anti-historical stereotypes emerged thanks to T. Kuhn. Later, the criticism of presentism in the community of science historians has become the main methodology for reconstructing the development of cognition. It is shown in the paper that the history of science was closely connected with the philosophy of science. However, genuine cooperation between philosophers and historians of science had not yet occurred. The situation has changed with the advent of a new philosophical discipline – historical epistemology.

scholarly journals Book Review: Filsafat Ilmu: Menelusuri Jejak Integrasi Filsafat, Sains, dan Sufisme (The Philosophy of Science: Tracking the Integration of Philosophy, Science, and Sufism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fachrizal Hamdani ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Version ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
Knowledge Requirements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

The book entitled "Filsafat Ilmu: Menelurusi Jejak Integrasi Filsafat, Sains, dan Sufisme (Philosophy of Science: Tracing the Paths of Integration of Philosophy, Science and Sufism)" has a total page of 192 pages with very dense and concise content in both language and weight. This book was written by Dr. Asep Salahudin, who is vice-chancellor of IAILM Suryalaya academic years 2016-2020, chairman of West Java PWNU Lakpesdam 2017-2021, lecturer at FIS Unpad and Postgraduate UIN Bandung, and Expert Staff of the Presidential Work Unit for Pancasila Ideology Development 2017-2018. He also received many awards and written works, with one of the recently published books being this book itself. The book written by Asep Salahudin has ten chapters, most of which contain philosophy from an Islamic point of view, while the rest are explanations of philosophy in general. Thus, the author divides into two parts of ten chapters, namely the first five chapters contain a description of philosophy in general which consists of chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6, while the last five chapters are chapters 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 contains about philosophy from an Islamic perspective applied by previous Islamic philosophers. The purpose of writing this book is to answer matters related to knowledge requirements to become science and to make Islamic philosophy revive in today's modern era, as it was at the peak of its previous glory. As a result of this goal, the book written by Asep Salahudin discusses the general version of the philosophy of science and the Islamic version of the philosophy of science. This general version of the philosophy of science explains the general picture of philosophy itself, including the history of its development altogether. In contrast, this Islamic version of the philosophy of science explains philosophy from the perspective of Islamic philosophers, including criticizing western philosophical thought. Therefore, the purpose of writing this book is to describe the general version of the philosophy of science and Islam, which aims to make Islamic philosophy return to its previous heyday.

scholarly journals ETHICAL IDEAS OF HEORHII IVANOVYCH CHELPANOV: TO THE HISTORY OF UNIVERSITY OF ST. VOLODYMYR

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
V. G. Napadysta
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Freedom Of Will ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
History Of University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Responsibility ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article examines the ethical ideas in the creative heritage of H.I. Chelpanov, a Professor at St. Volodymyr University, a well-known scientist at the time, the founder of scientific institutions, who actively promoted the spread and deepening of philosophical culture among students and popularized topical ethical issues in public. Although the scientist paid more attention to psychology, it goes unnoticed that moral issues remain cross-cutting in all his works: articulation on the basis of ethics for other fields of scientific knowledge is obvious. H.I. Chelpanov's research interest was mainly focused on the problem of free will, which seems to be dominant in his ethical interests and the definition of value foundations in the vision of human life. According to the scientist, justifying the free will of man in a causally dependent world is extremely difficult and, at the same time, extremely important for the recognition of the highest values of humanity. In his view of free will, the decisive factor is not its causality but human responsibility for his\her actions. The solution of the free will problem for H.I. Chelpanov was possible only in the sphere of morality. Only from this position could free will be protected with the preservation of the original content. Because the problem of free will is solved for moral purposes, it can be solved regardless of whether the issue of causality is resolved. Freedom of will, therefore, he deduced from the sense of responsibility. H.I. Chelpanov not only justified the existence of free will, but also reflected on the ways to achieve it, because, in his opinion, freedom of will is not an original gift, but emerges as a result of hard work of the individual, which, in turn, opens opportunities to change and improve the personality, if desired. H.I. Chelpanov was an implacable opponent of the great European "pessimists" – A. Schopenhauer and E. Hartmann, defended the groundlessness of fatalistic predictions about the moral development of both the individual and humanity as a whole.

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