scholarly journals Anti-tussive activity of Shwasakuthara Rasa a Herbomineral formulation prepared with and without Kajjali (Black Sulphide of Mercury) in SO2 induced cough in Swiss albino mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
B R Bhagyalakshmi ◽  
◽  
R Galib ◽  
Mukesh Nariya ◽  
PK Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Cough Reflex ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Mice

Introduction: Kajjali is considered as the base in maximum Rasa Yogas (Herbo-mineral formulations). Shwasakuthara Rasa (SKR) is a well-known herbo-mineral formulation indicated in different kinds of Shwasa (respiratory diseases) and Kasa (cough) having Kajjali as a base ingredient. The present study is to evaluate the acute toxicity and anti-tussive activity of SKR one prepared with Kajjali (SKR1) and another without Kajjali (SKR2) in sulphur dioxide induced cough model in albino mice. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity study was carried as per the OECD 425 guideline in wistar female rats. Anti-tussive activity was carried out against sulphur dioxide-induced cough reflex in mice. Results: Animals did not manifest any signs of toxicity and mortality at the dose of 2000mg/kg body weight, orally. Both test drugs (32.5 mg/kg, po) showed significant reduction in cough reflexes compared with control. SKR1 showed pronounced anti-tussive activity followed by SKR2 when compared to control group. Conclusion: The presence of Kajjali in the formulation is safe on acute administration and further enhances anti-tussive activity of the formulation may be due to increasing bioavailability of Ayurvedic formulation.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Bioactive Galactomannans From Two Non-Traditional Leguminosae Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrícia da Cunha Jácome Marques ◽  
Francisco Glerison da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Dayanne Terra Tenório Nonato ◽  
Amaurílio Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Iásly Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Abstract Galactomannans from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (GM-CP) and Delonix regia (GM-DR) are being pointed as potential therapeutic agents, but systematic evaluations on their acute toxicity are yet to be reported. In order to evaluate the occurrence of systemic toxicity, groups of three female rats received oral GM-CP or GM-DR (300 mg kg-1), whereas the control group received vehicle. Since lethality was absent, other groups received doses of 2,000 mg kg-1, which also did not cause lethality. Collection of organs and blood samples were done at day 14. Dermal toxicity of the galactomannans was also evaluated (2,000 mg kg-1, n=3 per group), as well both mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory cell influx after administration of GM-CP or GM-DR via intra-articular route (200 µg, n = 5 per group). At the routes and doses employed, both galactomannans did not evoke physiological / behavioral changes or skin / joint inflammation. Since the LD50 was not inferior to 2,000 mg kg-1, both galactomannans are in the class 5 of the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.

scholarly journals STUDY OF POTENTIAL ANTITUSSIVE ACTIVITY OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA GRANULES BY USING A COUGH MODEL INDUCED BY SULPHUR DIOXIDE GAS IN MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Mayuri Shitole ◽  
Vijaykumar Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Cough Reflex ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L ◽  
Antitussive Activity ◽  
Respiratory Depressant

In respiratory diseases cough is most common symptom. When cough becomes severe, opioids are potent, but they have side effects like sedation, constipation. Therefore, there is a necessary to have effective antitussive formulation, which does not have respiratory depressant activity. The present study was carried out to analysis antitussive activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using a cough model induced by sulphur dioxide gas in experimental mice. The effect of the granules of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on SO2 gas induced cough in experimental animals have very significant effects at the level of p<0.01 in inhibiting the cough reflex at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, in comparison with the control group. Mice were showed an inhibition of 41.17%, in cough on treatment with Glycyrrhiza glabra granules at 60 min experiment. The antitussive activity of the granules was comparable to that of codeine sulphate (10, 15, 20 mg/kg body weight), a standard anti-tussive agent. Codeine sulphate, as a standard drug for suppression of cough, produced 25.29%, 33.33%, 47.13% inhibition in cough at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg respectively, whereas, codeine sulphate (20 mg/kg) showed maximum 47.13% (p<0.001) inhibition at 60 min of the experiment.

scholarly journals Study of the parameters of acute toxicity of the drug “Devimectin 1 %” with a single subcutaneous injection in white rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (100) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Yu. R. Hunchak ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
R. M. Sachuk ◽  
Ya. S. Stravsky
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

In the study of the drug for injectable use – “Devimectin 1 %”, together with the confirmation of therapeutic properties, it is necessary to determine the LD50 obtained in the study of acute toxicity. The aim of the work was to study the acute toxicity of “Devimectin 1 %” in white rats by injection. To fulfill this goal on the principle of analogues was formed control and three experimental groups of 4 animals each (n = 4). The drug was administered in doses of 5000.0; 10000.0; 20000.0 mg/kg body weight in absolute weight of the drug once subcutaneously in the withers. The control animals were injected subcutaneously with sterile saline 1.0 cm3. After taking into account the results of the previous experiment in the main experiment, 7 experimental groups were formed, whose rats were injected subcutaneously with “Devimectin 1 %” in doses of 5000.0; 7500.0; 10000.0; 12500.0; 15000.0; 17500.0 and 20000.0 mg/kg body weight, as well as a control group to which animals were injected with sterile saline with a volume of 1.0 cm3. There were 6 animals in each group (n = 6). It was found that for the administration of the drug at a dose of 5000 mg / kg body weight, no animal died, for 10000.0 and 20000.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively, one and 4 animals died. Death occurred for 2–6 days depending on the administered dose. In the main experiment with subcutaneous administration of “Devimectin 1 %” at a dose of 5000.0 mg/kg body weight during the 14-day period of the study, no animal died; for the introduction of the drug at a dose of 7500.0 mg/kg killed one animal; for 10000.0 – 2; for 12500.0 and 15000.0 – 3 rats; for 17500.0 – 5 rats and for the introduction of the drug at a dose of 20000.0 mg/kg body weight, all experimental animals died. The death of laboratory animals occurred for 2–6 days depending on the administered dose. According to the results of studies, it was found that the LD50 of the drug “Devimectin 1 %” under the conditions of its single subcutaneous administration to female rats is 12881.20 ± 1390.54 mg/kg, LD10 – 5978.43 mg/kg, LD16 – 7495.68 mg/kg, LD84 – 18266.73 mg/kg, LD90 – 19783.98 mg/kg, LD100 – 20959.49 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Therefore, the drug “Devimectin 1%” when administered subcutaneously can be classified as toxicity class VI – substances relatively harmless (LD50subcut> 4500,0 mg/kg). Further studies will be the next step in pre-registration trials to examine the subacute toxicity of “Devimectin 1 %”.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxic Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Petroselinum Crispum Mill. in Male and Female Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Kablan Kassi Jean Jacques ◽  
Blahi Adelaïde Nadia, ◽  
Kouakou Koffi Roger ◽  
Diby Yao Seraphin ◽  
Siapo Yao Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

The present study is part of a vast program of the valorization of the medicinal flora and to help the populations to make a real profit from the use of plants in order to avoid any problem of poisoning. Petroselinum crispum Mill. (Apiaceae) is a plant, whose therapeutic virtues are diverse. The toxicological aspect of the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves in male and female rats was investigated. The acute toxicity study with the single dose of 5000 mg/Kg body weight shows that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic orally. According to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 423, the oral LD50 for this extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the sub-acute toxicity study (OECD 407) showed that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum did not show any toxic effects at doses 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight and would have an orexigenic effect after 28 days of treatment. The different histological sections showed that the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic on the vital organs and appears to be hepatoprotective.

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Acalypha hispida LEAVES IN FEMALE RATS: A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzah Alfarisi ◽  
Mawar Subangkit ◽  
Siti Sa’diah ◽  
Tutik Wresdiyati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Glomerular Cell ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm

This research aims to evaluate the safety of ethanolic extract of Acalypha hispida (A. hispida) leaves with acute toxicity test using 15 female rats strain Sprague-Dawley. A single dose of different doses of extract (2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight) was administrated orally, and theobservation was conducted for 14 days. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless (LD50 16 g/kg BW), did not affect body weight, and did not show clinical signs of toxicity during the observation periods. The parameters of blood serumbiochemistry of all extract-treated groups (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea) did not change significantly  compared to the control group. The histological observation of the liver showed a significant increase in eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nuclei at all doses. However, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves did not significantly affect glomerulus/Bowman’s capsule ratio, glomerular cell density, and the proportion of normal cell tubule. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless with LD5016 g/kg BW and seems to be safe in low doses (2 g/kg BW).

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY OF Β-KITIN EXTRACTED FROM THE SHELL OF BLUE SWIMMING CRAB (PORTUNUS PELAGICUS LINN.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
RENNY AMELIA ◽  
NYI MEKAR SAPTARINI ◽  
JUTTI LEVITA ◽  
SRI ADI SUMIWI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Objective: This work aimed to study the acute toxicity of β-chitin extracted from crab shells in Bal b/c mice. Method: The acute toxicity test was performed by following the OECD guidelines. Female mice were given single or divided doses of β-chitin (maximum 24 h) with doses of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg of BW. Observations were made for 14 d, including behaviour, body weight, organ weight, and histopathology of vital organs (stomach, heart, liver, kidney, and lung). Results: During 14 d, no deaths and no abnormalities in behaviour, bodyweight or organ weight were observed. Qualitative histopathological observations at the highest dose showed abnormalities of the liver and kidney compared to those of the control group. Nevertheless, the abnormalities did not affect the organ function. Conclusion: This acute toxicity study reveals that β-chitin up to a dose of 6000 mg/kg of BW is not toxic, as proved by the normal behaviour, body weight, and vital organ weight of the animals. Further chronic toxicities study is needed to confirm its safety.

scholarly journals Acute oral toxicity study of Tectona grandis LInn. methanolic seed extract in albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
Sudheer Kumar Dokuparthi ◽  
◽  
Amer Khan ◽  
A Anusha ◽  
Mashma Bee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: To evaluate the acute toxicity studies of methanolic seed extract of Tectona grandis in albino mice. Method: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the adverse and hazardous effects of methanolic seed extract of Tectona grandis in albino mice through oral route. Acute oral toxicity of methanolic extract was carried out in two phases. In first phase, a single dose of 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000mg/kg (dissolved in water) body weight in test group, while mice in control group received normal saline was administered. All the animals were individually studies for the mortality, wellness parameters and body weight for 14 days. The experiment was performed under OECD guidelines 423. No mortality or any significant physiological changes in the animals were observed up to 1000mg/kg bodyweight. The experiment was again repeated for second phase with a single doses of 1000, 1250, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg. Mortality was found at 1250 mg/kg. Therefore LD50 of the extract was estimated to be more than 1000mg/kg body weight. Finally, administration of a single dose of 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg of the extract did not showed any significant differences in food and water consumption and other behavioral changes. The extract starts showing toxicity at a dose of 1250 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The analysis of these results with the information of signs, behavior and health monitoring leads to the conclusion that the oral administration of T.grandis methanolic seed extract for 15 days does not cause acute toxicity. But, higher doses on long term administering can cause considerable toxicity.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum pers in swiss albino mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3750-3754
Author(s):  
Siva Ganesh M ◽  
Radhika J
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Experimental Group

The recent study was planned to determine the acute toxicity study of Apium leptophyllum pers. A single dose of 400,1200,2000 mg/ kg of ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum pers according to the OECD guidelines and the dose level was administrated orally into swiss albino mice. Oral administration of maximum level of ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum pers upto 2000 mg/kg body weight to experimental group of albino mice was evaluated. Biochemical, haematological  and histopathological parameters were checked throughout the study. Signs of toxicity, mortality and body weight were monitored for 14 days post treatment of Apium leptophyllum pers . There is no substantial variations were noticed in control and treated groups. Result revealed that the ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum is safe and no toxicity was caused. 

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF SURYASHEKHARA RASA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4610-4616
Author(s):  
Shanta Patil ◽  
Surekha S Medikeri
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Harmful Effects

Suryashekhara Rasa is unique mercurial preparation, which contains Parada, Gandhaka, Hingula and Vatsanabha. The quantity of Vatsanabha is equal to the sum of other ingredients, and also its antidote (Tankana) is not mentioned in this formulation. To ensure that the drug is devoid of toxicity and harmful effects, assessing the level of toxicity is important. So, this research work is an attempt to perform acute and sub-acute toxicity evaluation of Suryashekhara Rasa. Acute toxicity study of test drug was carried at a limit dose of 2000mg/kg orally in albino mice. For sub-acute toxicity Suryashekhara rasa was adminis-tered at therapeutic equivalent dose (TED) (0.35mg/kg bw po), TED x 2 (0.70mg/kg bw po) TED x 5 (1.75 mg/kg bw po) for 28 days. Acute toxicity result showed that drug did not produce any signs and symptoms of toxicity or mortality up to an oral dose of 2000 mg/kg in albino mice. The data generated during sub-acute toxicity study are indicated that it is mild toxic substance for sub-acute administration at TED dose level, may be because of alkanes which are found in functional group of aconitum ferox.

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Studies of an Ethanol/Water Extract of Euphorbia scordifolia Jacq (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice and in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 18-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Archange Tagne Fokam ◽  
Paul Aimé Noubissi ◽  
René Kamgang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Euphorbia scordifolia is used in Cameroon as galactagogue and in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. This work was undertaken to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of ethanol/water extract of Euphorbia scordifolia (EWEs). Acute toxicity study was carried out by oral administration of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/kg body weight of EWEs to mice in the respective groups. Subchronic toxicity study was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg body weight to another group of rats for 28 days, while rats in the control group received 10 mL/kg body weight of distilled water. Following the 28-day treatment, the rats were sacrificed for hematological, biochemical and histopathology studies. In the acute toxicity study, EWEs was found to be non-toxic at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. The subchronic treatment with EWEs did not alter either the body weight gain or the food and water consumption. Biochemical analysis did not show any significant differences in any of the parameters examined in males or females. Hematological analysis showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in white blood cells and red blood cells in males treated with 100 mg/kg bw and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in hemoglobin and hemoglobin hematocrit in all treated females. Necropsy and histopathological examination revealed some slight hepatic necrosis with the dose 100 mg/kg bw. It would be necessary to use the ethanol/water extract for short periods (<4 weeks). Thus, the plant, at least its ethanol/water extract, could be considered with a wide margin of safety for short-term oral use.

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