scholarly journals The Incidence of Atlanto-Occipitalization and Additional Foramina Present in The Dry Skulls of Nepalese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1501-1506
Author(s):  
Rubina Shakya ◽  
Nirju Ranjit ◽  
Shamsher Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Segmental Instability ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Pterygoid Plate ◽  
Related Variant ◽  
Prognostic Implications

Introduction: Atlanto-occipitalization(AOZ) is one of the congenital anomalies related to craniovertebral synostosis. The clear understanding of its anatomical features and cranial foraminal variants plays a critical role in finding the possible coping mechanism with its pathogenesis such as segmental instability or neurologic deficits. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of occipitalization of Atlas and related variant foramina, as the baseline awareness of these conditions among the Nepalese population is yet to be documented. Methodology: A retrospective study was performed for the total 86 dry skulls available in the department of Anatomy in Katmandu University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Science, and B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. The skulls were examined thoroughly to evidence the occurrence of cranio-vertebral variations. Result: Out of 86 human adult skulls, 2 cases (2.32 %) were found with partial AOZ presenting posterior spina bifida close to the midline. Sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF) was also observed in 17 skulls (19.76 %), an additional foramen lying anteromedial to the foramen ovale. Moreover, one of the skulls (1.16 %) was found with the presence of pterygospinous bar creating an additional foramen ‘foramen of Civinini’ in the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. Conclusion: The incidence of AOZ and pterygospinous bar seems to be quite low as compared to the cases of SEF. However, the knowledge of such variations and the presence of additional foramina carry great significance for orthopedists and neurosurgeons to have prognostic implications and an accurate surgical approach. 

Current Progress in Biomedical Applications of Chitosan-Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 1619-1632
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pieklarz ◽  
Michał Tylman ◽  
Zofia Modrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
New Generation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Dressing Materials

The currently observed development of medical science results from the constant search for innovative solutions to improve the health and quality of life of patients. Particular attention is focused on the design of a new generation of materials with a high degree of biocompatibility and tolerance towards the immune system. In addition, apart from biotolerance, it is important to ensure appropriate mechanical and technological properties of materials intended for intra-body applications. Knowledge of the above parameters becomes the basis for considerations related to the possibilities of choosing the appropriate polymer materials. The researchers' interest, as evidenced by the number of available publications, is attracted by nanobiocomposites based on chitosan and carbon nanotubes, which, due to their properties, enable integration with the tissues of the human body. Nanosystems can be used in many areas of medicine. They constitute an excellent base for use as dressing materials, as they exhibit antimicrobial properties. In addition, they can be carriers of drugs and biological macromolecules and can be used in gene therapy, tissue engineering, and construction of biosensors. For this reason, potential application areas of chitosan-carbon nanotube nanocomposites in medical sciences are presented in this publication, considering the characteristics of the system components.

MEDICAL FALLIBILITY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-243
Author(s):  
Gorovitz ◽  
MacIntyre ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Error ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Physician Patient Relationship ◽  
The Public ◽  
Iatrogenic Illness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physician Patient

At present, the typical patient is systematically encouraged to believe that his physician will not make a mistake, even though what the physician does may not achieve the desired medical objectives, and even though it cannot be denied that some physicians do make mistakes. The encouragement of this inflated belief in the competence of the physician is of course reinforced by the practice of not keeping systematic and accessible records of medical error. Yet everyone knows that this is a false confidence . . . the current high incidence of iatrogenic illness constitutes a medical problem of enormous proportions, well recognized within government agencies and segments of the medical profession, but only dimly suspected by the public at large. There is still a relatively high probability of a patient suffering from medical error. What patients and the public have to learn is to recognize, accept, and respond reasonably to the necessary fallibility of the individual physician. The physician-patient relationship has to be redefined as one in which necessarily mistakes will be made, sometimes culpably, sometimes because of the state of development of the particular medical sciences at issue, and sometimes, inevitably, because of the inherent limitations in the predictive powers of an enterprise that is concerned essentially with the flourishing of particulars, of individuals. The patient and the public therefore must also understand that medical science is committed to the patient's prospering and flourishing, and that the treatment of the patient is itself a part of that science and not a mere application of it.

Professor Zainab Nazipovna Yakubova

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-75
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Great Loss

Medical science and health care in Tatarstan have suffered a great loss: On October 6, 1985, Zainab Nazipovna Yakubova, TASSR honoured doctor, TASSR honoured scientist, doctor of medical sciences, professor, CPSU member since 1956, passed away after a serious and long illness.

Investigating the Use of Personal in Formation Management Strategies by Faculty Members of three Medical Sciences Universities in Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Mikaeil Molazadeh ◽  
Ahad Zeinali ◽  
Ghazale Geraily
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
And Gender

In this study, the purpose was to investigate Personal Information Management (PIM) activity rate regardingfourPIM aspects o f acquisition, maintenance, organization, and retrieval o f faculty members in three universities, i.e., Tehran University o f Medical Science (TUMS), Iran University o f Medical Sciences (lUMS), and Shahid Beheshti University o f Medical Sciences (SBUMS). The relationship between PIM use and workplace, academic rank, and gender factors were also studied. A Persian-language questionnaire was used to measure PIM performance of participants. Data were analysed using statistical tests. Findings showed that most o f the participants preferred desktop computers for saving theirpersonal digital information. Also, the percentage of PIM use by the faculty members was reported as 50-75%. However, no significant associations between PIM use by the faculty members and their workplace, academic rank, andgenderwerefound.

scholarly journals Study of variations in the pelvicalyceal system of kidney and its clinical importance

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wadekar ◽  
SD Gangane
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrostomy ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Pelvicalyceal System ◽  
Collecting System

Objective The present study has been undertaken to study the variations in renal pelvicalyceal system, to compare them with previous studies and to find their clinical implications. Materials and Methods A total of 100 kidneys (from 50 cadavers) were included in this study. The following parameters were measured 1)Lower Infundibular length, 2)Infundibular Width – Lower Infundibular Width (LIW), Middle Infundibular Width (MIW), Upper Infundibular Width (UIW), 3)Number of minor calyces and 4)Number of major calyces. Results The obtained data showed that there were numerous variations not only in the numbers of calyces of kidneys but also in the infundibular length and width. Conclusion Developments in endourology, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and techniques for retrograde percutaneous nephrostomy have rekindled interest in the anatomy of the renal collecting system. To perform these procedures safely and efficiently it is essential to have a clear understanding of pelvicalyceal anatomy and its variations. Thus the in-depth knowledge of pelvicalyceal anatomy will be of immense value to the clinicians of related specialties. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-3, 17-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8681

scholarly journals Assessing the status of social capital and its relationship with organizational voice and silence in kermanshah university of medical science

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Nasrin Heydari Soreshjani ◽  
Yahya Safari ◽  
Bijan Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Organizational Silence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Voice And Silence

The present study aimed to assessing the status of social capital and its relationship with organizational Voice and Silence in Kermanshah University of Medical Science in 2017-18. This research was an applied one in terms of the purpose and used a descriptive correlational design for data collection. The population included all employees working at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (n = 350) and a sample of 186 subjects were selected using random stratified sampling method. Data were collected using three standard question-naires including Social Capital by Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1997), Organizational Voice by Hames, (2012) and Organizational Silence by Vakola (2005). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for measuring the reliability of the questionnaire: social capital questionnaire (0.96), organizational silence and organizational voice questionnaire(0.85), (0.95). In addition, the content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient via SPSS v. 21 software. According to the results, there is a negative and significant correlation between social capital and organizational silence (P = 0.01, r = -0605) and a positive and significant correlation between social capital and organizational voice (P = 0/001, r = 0.675) among the employees working at Kerman-shah University of Medical Sciences.  

scholarly journals Imagination of Glass Government Based on the Level of Transparency, Corruption, Public Awareness, and Trust in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Ya'aqoubi ◽  
Masoud Ahmadi ◽  
Rahman Qaffari
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolution Committee

Background and Purpose: In order to have an imagination of glass government, it is a priority to consider corruption, transparency, trust, and awareness. The present research aimed to model the relationship between the mentioned variables in the hospitals of Mazandaran Medical Science University. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive research. The population included all medical and administrative staff of selected hospitals from east of Mazandaran in 2019, consisting of 4251 persons (1774 male and 2477 females), and the research was carried out on the basis of data from 353 subjects according to Cochran formula by classified sampling fitted to the size of each class. The required data were collected by using standard questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS and AMOS Software. In descriptive statistics, descriptive indicators, such as mean, variance, minimum and maximum and frequency tables, were used and in inferential statistics, the collected data were analyzed by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to check the normality of the data, and path analysis. Results: The findings from confirmative factor analysis showed that transparency had a significant effect on perceived corruption (with standard deviation of 0.32 and T value of 4.814), public awareness (0.22 and 3.284), trust in government (0.23 and 3.303), trust in administrative evolution committee (0.48 and 7.109), perceived corruption on trust in government (0.28 and 4.436), trust in administrative evolution committee (0.33 and 5.483), public awareness on perceived knowledge (0.20 and 3.052), and trust in administrative evolution committee (0.16 and 2.878) and trust in administrative evolution committee had effect on trust in government (0.29  and 3.453), but public awareness had no significant effect on trust in government (0.10  and 1.715). Conclusion: Glass government should pursue reducing corruption at the level of subordinate organizations with more transparency and awareness and by doing so, trust in the government and administrative evolution committees will be achieved.

scholarly journals Association between Hospital Accreditation and Patient Satisfaction: A Survey in the Western Province of Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafat Mohebbifar ◽  
Sima Rafiei ◽  
Asghar Mohammadpoor Asl ◽  
Mohammad Ranjbar ◽  
Mona Khodayvandi
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Hospital Accreditation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Education Medical

Background: In recent years accreditation programs have been developed to assess the quality of care and patient safety in hospitals. Quality is a multidimensional concept with patient satisfaction as one of the important facets. This study aimed to test any relationship between patient satisfaction and hospital accreditation.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of seven hospitals in Hamadan, Iran, was conducted in 2013. Patient satisfaction was analyzed through a self-made questionnaire and data on hospitals’ accreditation scores were obtained from the Curative Deputy of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.Results: Our research found out a strong relation between satisfaction scores and length of stay, hospital type, human resources condition, information, communication and education, medical equipment and physical structure, accessibility to clinical services, emotional support, management and coordination of care. Findings also revealed a significant negative association between hospital accreditation and patient satisfaction except for the domain of emotional support.Conclusion: Findings support healthcare managers with helpful information about the variables that are related to patient satisfaction. This understanding will make them capable to meet needs and preferences of patients more effectively. Study also confirmed the importance of developing an accreditation system based on outcome parameters and providing responsive services to patients which can positively impact their satisfaction.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(1) 2017 p.77-84

Abstract P258: Factors Associated With Imaging Choice of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients and the Related Health Outcomes

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J Wang ◽  
Artem Boltyenkov ◽  
Gabriela Martinez ◽  
Jeffrey M Katz ◽  
Angela Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Iv Tpa

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presents an ongoing challenge for population health and availability of healthcare resources. Imaging plays a critical role in both diagnosis and treatment decisions in AIS, but optimal utilization regarding advanced imaging with angiography and perfusion using either CTAP or MRAP remain uncertain according to national guidelines. Consequently, wide variation in AIS imaging exists in clinical practice, mostly defaulted to physician preferences and institutional factors, without a clear understanding of the benefits and risks involved in stroke care. Although CTAP and MRAP each have unique benefits and risks in the AIS setting, the effect of this risk-benefit tradeoff on health outcomes and utilization of resources is unknown. This study analyses the factors associated with imaging preferences and the related health outcomes. Method: We performed a retrospective study on an AIS registry consisting of consecutive patients admitted to our institution from November 1, 2011, through October 1, 2018. Imaging and treatment selections and modified Rankin Score (mRS) at discharge were the main outcomes. Independent variables include age, gender, race-ethnicity, and NIH stroke score (NIHSS) at admission. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 1884 patients with curated imaging data during hospitalization were included. Among them, 32% were ≥80 years old, 47.4% female, 15.53% black, 60.3% white, and 24.4% with NIHSS≥10 at admission. CTAP and MRAP were performed in 21.1% and 72.2% patients, respectively. 46.1% received thrombolytics (IV-tPA), 1.3% had endovascular therapy (EVT), and 52.7% were not treated. The two clinical outcomes were independent functionality at discharge (mRS0-2) at 48.4%, and patients expired in hospital at 7.1%. Adjusted by all the factors, regression models showed that patients with NIHSS≥10 were more likely to receive CTAP (p<0.0001, OR=3.39) and less likely to receive MRAP (p<0.0001, OR=0.48); whereas age ≥80 was less likely to receive CTAP (p<0.0001, OR=0.37) or MRAP (p<0.0001, OR=0.37). NIHSS≥10 (p<0.0001, OR=0.15) and IV-tPA (p=0.0006, OR=0.69) were negatively related to independent functionality at discharge, and MRAP (p<0.0001, OR=1.97) was positively related to it. NIHSS≥10 (p=0.0212, OR=1.69) were positively related to mortality, while utilization of MRAP showed a negative relationship (p<0.0001, OR=0.26) with it. Conclusion: Higher NIHSS was positively associated with mortality and utilization of CTAP, while it is negatively associated with MRAP. MRAP was positively related to independent functionality at discharge. Older age was negatively associated with CTAP or MRAP utilization.

Self-medication Pattern and Prevalence Among Iranian Medical Sciences Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Niroomand ◽  
Mohsen Bayati ◽  
Mozhgan Seif ◽  
Somayeh Delavari ◽  
Sajad Delavari
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Medication Usage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Negative Results

Background: Self-medication could be risky behavior and has negative effects. While Over the Counter (OTC) drugs are available at drugstores, the behavior has become prevalent among the general population. Objective: This study aimed at surveying self-medication behavior among medical sciences students of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: A sample of 396 students from medical, paramedical, and health sciences disciplines were included in this cross-sectional study. They were asked to fill a questionnaire about their demographics and socioeconomic status, medication usage and self-medication in the last six months, information about the correct use of medication, and information about negative results of selfmedication. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and logistic regression model using R statistical software. Results: Almost 72% of participants reported self-medication in the past sixth months. The main reasons included trust in their own diagnosis (59.9%), mildness of the disease (56.6%), and having previous experience about the disease (56%). Cough or cold (84.5%), headache (66.3%), and body pain (60.2%) were the most frequent diseases that led to self-medication. The majority of the participants (77.7%) reported they select their medicine on their own decision. Furthermore, self-medication was highly related to having medicine stock at home (OR=2.692), having less information about negative results of self-medication (OR=0.835), and more non-syllabus study time (OR=1.041). Conclusions: Although, medical science students have information about the treatment of illnesses, they should be more informed about negative results and side-effects of self-medication. They should also share their knowledge with society to decrease self-medication.

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