scholarly journals Possible Protective Effects of Omega 3, Diazepam and their Combination Against Yohimbine-Induced Clonic Seizure in Mice: Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Manal Abdulkhaliq Ibrahim ◽  
Alaa Radhi Khudhair ◽  
Nada Najia AL-shawi
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Myoclonic Seizure ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Group I

     Yohimbine is actually confirmed in the United States to be utilized for erectile dysfunction; and recently such drug has become commonly used in body-building communities for its presumed lipolytic and sympathomimetic effects. But ingestion of such drug can bring about epileptic neurotoxic effects. Many antiepileptic drugs can be utilized to counteract myoclonic seizure; furthermore, diazepam can be used to oppose such type of seizure; in addition, surrogate therapeutic options such as omega 3 may also be utilized.   In this study, twenty-four (24) mice of both sexes weighing 20-25g were randomly-allocated into 4 groups (6 animals each group) as follows: Group I- Yohimbine-induced clonic seizure [mice orally-administered DMSO (10%), and after 30 min, animals Sc. injected with 45mg/kg yohimbine). Group II- Diazepam-treated as standard drug: It is Sc. injected at a dose of 2mg/kg, and after 30 minutes, yohimbine at a dose of 45mg/kg is Sc. injected. Group III- Omega 3 (40 mg/kg) is orally-administered, and after 30 min 45mg/kg yohimbine is Sc. injected. Group IV- Combination of omega 3 (40mg/kg) is orally-administered then and after ten minutes, diazepam was IP injected 2mg/kg then after 20 minute, 45mg/kg yohimbine is Sc. Injected. The result of this study showed that omega 3 has non-optimal antiepileptic effect; where, it is un-able to reduce the onset and frequency of epilepsy tone in mice during several time periods (30-120min); and data weren’t  significantly different when compared to diazepam. But omega 3 reduced onset of epilepsy in combination with diazepam when compared with diazepam alone.  As well as omega 3 caused small percent changes frequency of epilepsy tone through 120 min when compared with other groups. Conclusion: Omega 3 fatty acid had partial beneficial effect; where, alone it has a role for decreasing onset of epilepsy; but, its combination with diazepam had significant role for reducing onset of epilepsy against yohimbine-induced seizure model. Additionally, omega 3 alone and in combination with diazepam have negligible role for reduction frequency of epilepsy.

scholarly journals FLAXSEED OIL ALONE AND AS AN ADJUVANT WITH PHENYTOIN IN MES-INDUCED SEIZURES IN ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Rahul H Damodar ◽  
Suneel Kumar Reddy ◽  
Malvika Goyal ◽  
Pradeep B E
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Righting Reflex

 Objective: The objective of this study to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of flaxseed oil alone and as an adjuvant to phenytoin sodium.Methods: A total of 24 albino rats were used for this study. Four groups - control, standard (phenytoin sodium), test (flaxseed oil), and flaxseed oil along with phenytoin were made with six rats in each group. Maximal electroshock seizures 60-Hz AC of 150 mA intensity for 0.2 s were induced using an electroconvulsiometer with ear electrodes 60 min after oral drug administration. Duration of tonic hind limb extension (THLE) in seconds was used as a measure of seizures induced.Results: The mean duration of THLE in 4 groups was 11.66 (Group I), 5.67 (Group II), 3.85 (Group III), and 2.69 (Group IV). Duration of THLE was reduced in flaxseed oil group (P < 0.000) compared to both control and standard. Other parameters such as regain of righting reflex and recovery time also showed improvement. The group where flaxseed oil was used as an adjuvant to phenytoin also showed significant anticonvulsant activity. It showed a greater reduction in the parameters compared to either drug alone.Conclusion: The study showed that flaxseed oil possesses marked anticonvulsant activity when used alone and as an adjuvant to phenytoin. This study shows the potential of flaxseed oil in generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

A Consumer’s Guide to Eggs

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Beatty ◽  
Karla Shelnutt ◽  
Gail P. A. Kauwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Christopher Columbus ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Chicken Eggs

People have been eating eggs for centuries. Records as far back as 1400 BC show that the Chinese and Egyptians raised birds for their eggs. The first domesticated birds to reach the Americas arrived in 1493 on Christopher Columbus' second voyage to the New World. Most food stores in the United States offer many varieties of chicken eggs to choose from — white, brown, organic, cage free, vegetarian, omega-3 fatty acid enriched, and more. The bottom line is that buying eggs is not as simple as it used to be because more choices exist today. This 4-page fact sheet will help you understand the choices you have as a consumer, so you can determine which variety of egg suits you and your family best. Written by Jeanine Beatty, Karla Shelnutt, and Gail Kauwell, and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1357

Analysis of surface conditioning methods on core-veneer bond strength of CAD/CAM zirconia restorations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anip K. Roy ◽  
Govind N. Prasad ◽  
Tushar V. Bhagat ◽  
Saurabh Chaturvedi ◽  
Vishwanath Gurumurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND: The increased strength of zirconia has resulted in its widespread application in clinical dentistry. Nevertheless, the fracture of veneering porcelains remains one of the key reasons of failure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the influence of surface conditioning methods on the core-veneer bond strength of zirconia restorations. METHODS: Thirty specimens of zirconia core with sizes 10 × 5 × 5 mm were layered with porcelain of sizes 5 × 3 × 3 mm. On the basis of different surface conditioning methods, four groups were made: Group I: abrasion with airborne alumina particles of 110 μm size, Group II: sandblasting with silica coated alumina particles of 50 μm in size, Group III (modified group): alteration with a coating of zirconia powder prior to sintering, and Group IV (control group): metal core specimens. The shear force of all specimens was tested using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc pair wise comparison (p= 0.05) were performed to analyze the shear bond strength. A scanning electron microscope was used to assess the fractured specimens. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups. The mean value of shear bond strength was 40.25 MPa for Group I, 41.93 MPa for Group II, 48.08 MPa for Group III and 47.01 MPa for Group IV. CONCLUSIONS: The modified zirconia group and control group demonstrated a significantly higher mean bond strength than that of Group I, where airborne particle abrasion was used. The scanning electron microscope showed that cohesive fracture in the porcelain veneers was the main problem of failure in altered zirconia. The modified zirconia specimens in Group III demonstrated significantly improved values of shear bond strength.

scholarly journals Effect and mechanisms of reproductive tract infection on oxidative stress parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation, and semen quality in infertile males

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Sheng Liu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Mao ◽  
Feng Pan ◽  
Rui Fang An
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Elastase Level

AbstractRecent years have seen a rising incidence of male infertility, mostly caused by the decline of sperm quality. The ratio of infertile males to infertile females has escalated from 3:7 in 2013 to current 5:5, which turns male infertility into the research focus of reproductive medicine. This study aimed to clarify the effect of reproductive tract infection by ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and chlamydia trachomatis (CT) on the DNA integrity and routine semen parameters of infertile males. A retrospective study was performed. A total of 259 infertile males who were treated at the Andrological Laboratory Examination and Reproductive Medicine Center in our hospital were analyzed. qRT-PCR was used to examine the infection status of CT and UU. According to the eligibility criteria, we evaluated the semen parameters and biochemical data of 253 men. Based on the results of PCR, the subjects were divided into four groups: Group I (CT positive, 63 cases), Group II (UU positive, 60 cases), Group III (CT positive and UU positive, 62 cases), and Group IV (no infection, 68 cases). DNA fragmentation index (DFI), sperm count, vitality and morphology, elastase level, seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed. Compared to Group IV, three groups (Group I, Group II and Group III) showed difference in semen volume, proportion of sperm with normal morphology, sperm motility, progressive motility, and vitality (P < 0.05). Compared to Group IV, Group II and Group III showed difference in DFI (P < 0.05). Compared to Group IV, Group II and Group III showed difference in elastase level (P < 0.05). VCL, VSL, VAP, WOB, ROS, TM, HDS showed differences between groups of abnormal/normal WBC (*P < 0.01).UU infection significantly increased the level of seminal leukocytes only in Group II, but not in the other three groups, indicating that UU is a factor to increase the level of seminal leukocytes. Compared with the normal leukocyte group, there were significant differences in total motility, forward motility and normal sperm ratio between the two groups. The proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (mostly in the head) showed obvious difference between groups of high and normal seminal leukocytic levels. At the same time, in this study, SCGE and SCD verified that leukocytes could damage sperm DNA by increasing ROS, which ultimately affects male fertility.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

Effect of amino acid infusion on renal hemodynamics in humans: a dose-response study

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. F703-F708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giordano ◽  
P. Castellino ◽  
E. L. McConnell ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Group Ii

We evaluated the dose-response relationship between the plasma amino acid (AA) concentration and renal hemodynamics in eight normal subjects. After an overnight fast, a balanced 10% AA solution was infused for 180 min at five separate infusion rates: 0.5 (group I), 1.0 (group II), 2.0 (group III), 4.0 (group IV), and 6.0 (group V) ml.kg-1.min-1 on separate days. Basal plasma AA concentration was 1.87 +/- 0.1 mmol/l and increased to 2.26 +/- 0.1 (group I), 2.66 +/- 0.2 (group II), 3.79 +/- 0.5 (group III), 5.81 +/- 0.4 (group IV), and 7.41 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (group V). Basal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) averaged 95 +/- 4 and 476 +/- 29 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1, respectively, and rose to 98 +/- 5 and 506 +/- 40 (group I) [P = not significant (NS)], 102 +/- 3 and 533 +/- 30 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 110 +/- 4 and 567 +/- 29 (group III), 115 +/- 7 and 610 +/- 55 (group IV), and 117 +/- 7 and 614 +/- 66 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1 (group V) (P = NS vs. group IV). Basal plasma glucagon concentration averaged 68 +/- 10 pg/ml and increased to 74 +/- 10 (group I), 83 +/- 11 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 100 +/- 14 (group III), 121 +/- 14 (group IV), and 229 +/- 35 pg/ml (group V) (P < 0.01 vs. basal). Increases in plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin levels were observed only during groups IV and V.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of Chrozophora tinctoria as Wound Healing Potential in Diabetic Rat’s Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikesh Maurya ◽  
Monika Semwal ◽  
Susheel Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Objective. The study was designed to evaluate pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Chrozophora tinctoria intended for wound healing in diabetic rats’ model. Methods. The method used to evaluate the pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leave extract was physical incision rat model. In this model, cutting of the skin and/or other tissues with a sharp blade has been made and the rapid disruption of tissue integrity with minimal collateral damage was observed shortly. Animals used in the study were divided into four groups that consist of six animals in each group. Group I serves as normal control, Group II serves as disease control, Group III was used as standard treatment (Povidone iodine 50 mg/kg b.w.), and Group IV was used for test drug (C. tinctoria 50 mg/kg b.w.). Result. The hydroalcoholic leave extract of Chrozophora tinctoria has been significantly observed to heal the wound (98%) in diabetic rats within 21 days, while standard drug (Povidone iodine) healed the wound about 95% in the same condition. The oral dose (50 mg/kg b.w.) of Chrozophora tinctoria was also found to improve the elevated blood glucose level in comparison to disease control group, which increased after the oral administration of Streptozotocin. Conclusion. The Chrozophora tinctoria has significant wound healing potential in the animal having physically damaged tissue in diabetic condition.

Validation of tonometric measurement of gut intramural pH during endotoxemia and mesenteric occlusion in pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. G519-G523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Antonsson ◽  
C. C. Boyle ◽  
K. L. Kruithoff ◽  
H. L. Wang ◽  
E. Sacristan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Tissue Pco2 ◽  
Tissue Acidosis ◽  
The Individual

Tonometry is a minimally invasive method for estimating gastrointestinal intramural pH (pHi). Tissue pH is calculated by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and measurements of arterial [HCO-3] and CO2 tension (PCO3) of saline contained in a Silastic balloon within the lumen of the gut. The validity of the method rests on two key assumptions: 1) PCO2 in saline in the tonometer balloon is similar to tissue PCO2 and 2) tissue and arterial [HCO-3] are similar. To validate this method, ileal pHi measured directly with a microelectrode was compared with pHi estimated tonometrically in four groups of anesthetized pigs. Group I (n = 4) were controls. In group II (n = 4), intestinal tissue acidosis was induced by total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). In group III (n = 5), acidosis was induced by partial occlusion of the SMA. In group IV (n = 4), tissue acidosis was induced by endotoxemia. Agreement was excellent between direct and tonometric measurements in groups I and IV and less good in groups II and III. Weighted mean correlation coefficients (rw) for the two measurement methods were 0.743 and 0.9447 in groups II and IV, respectively. Correlation coefficients for the individual animals in group III were more variable than the other groups and ranged from 0.547 to 0.990. The tonometric method for measuring GI pHi is invalid under conditions of zero flow and leads to error under conditions of low flow. However, the method is reliable in the setting of tissue acidosis induced by endotoxemia.

scholarly journals Effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan on oxidative stress indices in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Ranganathan V ◽  
◽  
Malik JK ◽  
Rao GS ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

The effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan were evaluated on oxidative stress parameters in male wistar rats. Group I served as untreated control whereas Group II received drinking water containing lead as lead acetate @1000 ppm (Pb1000). Group III was exposed to feed containing technical grade endosulfan @ 100 ppm (E100). Group IV was exposed to Pb (1000) +E (100). All the treatments were given daily for 28 days. Combination of lead and endosulfan modified the indices of oxidative stress in the parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in rats as compared to their individual compounds. The results suggest that the combination of these individual compounds may have the potential to modify oxidative stress produced by single compounds in male rats

scholarly journals Detection of DNA and Ploidy Variation within Vegetatively Propagated Zoysiagrass Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Harris-Shultz ◽  
Susana Milla-Lewis ◽  
Aaron J. Patton ◽  
Kevin Kenworthy ◽  
Ambika Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Two Samples

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) is used as a warm-season turfgrass for lawns, parks, and golf courses in the warm, humid and transitional climatic regions of the United States. Zoysiagrass is an allotetraploid species (2n = 4x = 40) and some cultivars are known to easily self- and cross-pollinate. Previous studies showed that genetic variability in the clonal cultivars Emerald and Diamond was likely the result of contamination (seed production or mechanical transfer) or mislabeling. To determine the extent of genetic variability of vegetatively propagated zoysiagrass cultivars, samples were collected from six commercially available zoysiagrass cultivars (Diamond, Emerald, Empire, JaMur, Meyer, Zeon) from five states (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas). Two of the newest cultivar releases (Geo and Atlantic) were to serve as outgroups. Where available, one sample from university research plots and two samples from sod farms were collected for each cultivar per state. Forty zoysiagrass simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and flow cytometry were used to compare genetic and ploidy variation of each collected sample to a reference sample. Seventy-five samples were genotyped and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering revealed four groups. Group I (Z. japonica) included samples of ‘Meyer’ and Empire11 (‘Empire’ sample at location #11), Group II (Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) included samples of ‘Emerald’ and ‘Geo’, Group III (Z. matrella) included samples of ‘Diamond’ and ‘Zeon’, and Group IV (Z. japonica) consisted of samples from ‘Empire’, ‘JaMur’, ‘Atlantic’, and Meyer3 (‘Meyer’ at sample location #3). Samples of ‘Empire’, ‘Atlantic’, and ‘JaMur’ were indistinguishable with the markers used. Four samples were found to have alleles different from the respective reference cultivar, including two samples of ‘Meyer’, one sample of ‘Empire’, and one sample of ‘Emerald’. Three of these samples were from Texas and one of these samples was from Florida. Three of the four samples that were different from the reference cultivar were university samples. In addition, one sample, Empire11, was found to be an octoploid (2n = 8x = 80). For those samples that had a fingerprint different from the reference cultivar, contamination, selfing, and/or hybridization with other zoysiagrasses may have occurred.

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