scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE CULTIVATED WHEAT VARIETIES ON FREQUENCY OF SEPTORIOSIS PATHOGEN OCCURRENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Zeleneva ◽  
O. S. Afanasenko ◽  
V. P. Studnikova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Pathogen Occurrence ◽  
The Impact

One of the important tasks of agricultural production is an opportunity to predict changes in the pathogenic complex of grain crops. It is important not only to identify presence of certain pests, but also to estimate a degree of pathogen development, a role of the host varieties, their immunological potential. The species S. tritici occupies a leading position among the pathogenic complex of septorious spots. Most commonly the species S. tritici was identified on the winter varieties “Moskovskaya 39” and “Severodonetskaya Yubileynaya” with a frequency of occurrence of 90%. The same situation was identified among spring wheat varieties. The species S. nodorum occupies the second position in the distribution of septorious spots in the pathogenic complex. The species S. avenae was significantly inferior to the first two. For each variety being tested, the degree of damage made by a separate type of septoria was calculated according to the frequency of occurrence of each type of pathogen (a species composition) and the plant incidence of septoria. Among the spring soft wheat varieties, there can be identified “L 503”, “Favorit”, “Tulaykovskaya 10”. The septoria incidence degree of these varieties was 27.9%, 23.6%, and 29.3% respectively. Since the S. tritici occurrence in these varieties was more often compared to others (84%, 78%, and 83%, respectively), these varieties can be classified as poorly susceptible to the pathogen. The spring durum wheat varieties are more resistant to Septoriosis. The variety “Orenburgskaya 10” is found the best in this trait with only 17.1% incidence degree. The variety “Krasnokutka 10” showed the largest incidence degree (37.9%). Using the F-test (Fisher test) and the multiple comparisons (Bonferroni-Holm method), there has been shown a significant effect of the agroclimatic year conditions, a life form and the species on the formation of the species composition of Septoria spots. At the same time, the ratio of the species S. tritici, S. nodorum, S. avena throughout all years of study remains stable.

scholarly journals Urbanisation and Food Security: An Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Uzair Azizan ◽  
Maryanti Mohd Raid ◽  
Khadijah Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Food Security

Urbanisation has given significant impact to various sectors, particularly in agriculture. Essentially, agricultural production activities depend heavily on land resources. At the same time, land is also needed as vital resources for the country development. Despite of the initiative of urbanism to better the country development process, it has raised concern among the land administrator regarding the status of the national’s food security. Food security has been threatened by the needs of the physical development due to urbanisation. Therefore, this article attempts to study the impact of urbanisation on the agriculture sector and examined the role of urbanism to safeguard the land resources for food security purposes. It is hope that, this article will form an inclusive understanding regarding the idea of urbanism in pursuing the betterment of an economic progress without compromising the needs for the national food security.

scholarly journals The Ecological Role of Interactions Between Plants in Agroecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Sunulahpašić ◽  
Sanja Čekić ◽  
Jelena Golijan ◽  
Saud Hamidović
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
The Impact

Modern agricultural production considers intensive use of agro-technology and chemical agents, which in addition to multiple benefits, results in loss of diversity. One of the methods for improvement of ecological interactions within the agroecosystem is increasing the diversity of cultivated plants. Previous studies have shown the impact of diversification of crops on pest populations in agricultural agroecosystems and demonstrated how certain techniques such as intercropping, can significantly affect the control of herbivores. This paper presents the influence and the role of intercropping in suppression of pests, weeds and diseases. According to the data presented, it is evident that, by using intercropping, multiple beneficial effects for the plant populations can be achieved, followed by development of resistance mechanisms, as well as production of compounds with suppressive effects on overall plants pathogens, weeds and pests.

The size of under-ear interstice and productivity of spring soft wheat varieties of different ecological groups in the forest-steppe of Orenburg region

10.12737/6546 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
The Impact

The impact of contrasting conditions of water availability on the size of the upper internodes in wheat varieties was studied under the conditions of the Orenburg steppe zone. It was noted, that less drought-resistant varieties formed a short upper internodes. We conducted a mathematical analysis of the relationship of productivity and length of ear-carrying internodes of spring soft wheat varieties of different ecological groups. It was established, that we can observe a gradual increase of grain productivity with increasing the length of the upper internodes in the studied range. As a result, the following varities were selected for inclusion into the hybridization: Logachevka, Tulaykovskaya steppe, Tulaykovskaya 1, Tulaykovskaya Belozernaya, Prokhorovka and Uchitel. They have the optimal settings for the presented feature. Using the selected varieties as parental forms can enhance the efficiency of wheat breeding programs for resistance to drought in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

scholarly journals Role of Agricultural Diversification in Improving Resilience to Climate Change: An Empirical Analysis with Gaussian Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9539
Author(s):  
Adiqa Kausar Kiani ◽  
Asif Sardar ◽  
Wasim Ullah Khan ◽  
Yigang He ◽  
Abdulbaki Bilgic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Agricultural diversification efforts towards sustainable agriculture generates environmental and economic benefits. Climate change and agricultural production are characterized by a complex cause-effect relationship. In the present study, the primary dataset is collected through an interview-based survey from 410 farmers in 3 districts located in different agro-ecological zones of Punjab, Pakistan. Detailed analysis is conducted by employing the Gaussian treatment effects approach. Results of the study show that the farmers who adopted agricultural diversification to mitigate the impact of climate change were less and insignificantly benefited e.g., on an average of RS 95,260 (US $635) per annum whereas non-adopted farmers lost their farm income on an average of RS 115,750 (US $772) per annum if they had practiced the agricultural diversification. Moreover, determinants of agricultural diversification such as demographic and institutional indicators were significant and larger effects to adopt as compared to social indicators. This study suggests that policies should be designed in the regional context particularly related to the improvement in demographic characteristics and institutional factors such as providing subsidies, training, and awareness to the farmers, particularly to those who practice agricultural diversification. These measures will help to raise the farmers’ adaptive capacity for the adoption of agricultural diversification, and it will enable them to generate tangible benefits by increasing income through adopting sustainable agricultural livelihood.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ АГРОПРОМИСЛОВИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ НА РОЗВИТОК СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-218
Author(s):  
Oleg Rasskazov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the issues of determining the impact and role of agro-industrial production on the development of rural areas, taking into account the rational and effective use of their potential to enhance their functioning and development. The conducted research showed that there was no strategy for the development of the above-mentioned processes and the lack of use of the opportunities created by the united territorial communities, which today received the prospects of a real impact on the activities of agricultural production. Therefore, it is suggested that in developing the concept of strategic development of this sphere of economy, to lay down strategies for integrated, sustainable and inclusive development on the basis of thorough research of the baseline provisions and basic scientific developments of national and foreign scientists on the subject. The key methodological provisions that should be the basis for the development of the agro-industrial development strategy are highlighted.

Sustainable Development Ideas: an “Apple of Discord" or a Platform for Unification?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Zhanna Mingaleva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the main foreign approaches to the interpretation of the “sustainable development” definition, the directions for the formation of various concepts, programs, political attitudes based on the definition and ideas of sustainable development, identifies shortcomings of the most common approaches and concepts. An overview of the main approaches and theories of sustainable development is compiled, their classification is proposed, a spatial model of the conceptual areas of the concept of “sustainable development” and spheres of its application is presented. The study concluded that the alternative approaches to understanding the role of the environment in the existence of mankind, to the assessment of both the impact of industrial and agricultural production and the results of people’s livelihoods (especially in the context of a sharp increase of urbanization rate) on the global environmental situation, have led to the formation of various concepts of sustainable development that form the basis of national strategies and programs of sustainable development. As a result, the ideas, and the very concept of sustainable development, are increasingly becoming a field of disagreements and contradictions between states and individual regions of the world, rather than a common platform for combining efforts to solve global problems of mankind.

scholarly journals Thirty years of change in the fynbos vegetation of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. J. Privett ◽  
R. M. Cowling ◽  
H. C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This study used permanently marked 50 m: sites, surveyed at a 30 year interval, to provide a descriptive account of the temporal change in the fynbos vegetation of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve. South Africa. Management records were used to examine the role of post-fire age. fire frequency and intensity, as well as biotic interactions (competition from overstorey proteoids and alien plants) in influencing vegetation composition over this time period. The mean similarity in species composition of sites between surveys was 62%, indicating an average of nearly 40% turnover in species over the 30 year period. The main causes of this change included differences resulting from different stages in the post-fire succession as well as the impact of differential fire regimes (especially frequency effects). Competition from serotinous Proteaceae. which proved highly mobile after fire, as well as invasive Australian acacias also impacted on the composition of the vegetation over time. The study demonstrated that fynbos communities are temporally dynamic and that the changes over time in species composition are caused by a variety of processes. The study also provided evidence for the role of temporal diversity in contributing to the high species diversity in fynbos systems.

scholarly journals Cartographic support for assessing the suitability of land for agricultural production in the PRC’s Capital Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
Wang Haoyang ◽  
Elena Stanis ◽  
Polina Drygval
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Meteorological Disasters

This article examines the role of meteorological factors in the formation of adverse conditions for agricultural development in the capital region of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This area is one of the most densely populated, and the problem of food supply is very acute. The suitability of the area for agricultural activities not only depends on hydrometeorological conditions, but also on the frequency of meteorological disasters. Such disasters include droughts, flooding of the territory due to intensive precipitation and extremely high air temperatures. In this work, it has been made an attempt to analyse the frequency of adverse events of meteorological phenomena and their distribution over the territory of the capital region. Electronic maps of frequency of both individual disasters and an integral map were created, which allowed dividing the territory into 4 categories of total adverse hydrometeorological factors for the development of agricultural production. This study can be as an additional basis for the planning and development of various sectors of agricultural production and for the implementation of measures to reduce the impact of meteorological disasters on agriculture.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Concept of Feasibility in Sustainable Agricultural Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Lavinia Popescu ◽  
Adela Sorinela Safta
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
New Type ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems ◽  
The Impact

The paper addresses through the new type concept the analysis of the feasibility of agricultural systems adaptable to environmental requirements. The development of a conceptual system for the feasibility of soil techniques through the responsible management of agricultural technological mechanisms can be expected to mitigate the impact of climate change. This paper analyzes the role of agricultural technologies based on the implementation of sustainable agriculture; as well as their interconnectivity in the local environment. In the methodological analysis was performed by compiling statistical data on agricultural production and effects of greenhouse gases (GHG) on agriculture

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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