scholarly journals MANEJO DA PALHADA E ADUBAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO DA SOJA E COBERTURA DO SOLO

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Jorge Wilson Cortez ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani ◽  
Rouverson Pereira da Silva ◽  
Salvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Stand Height

Diversos fatores podem interferir no desenvolvimento da cultura da soja, dentre os quais pode-se citar o manejo de restos culturais e o método de aplicação do adubo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os equipamentos de manejo da palhada (rolo-faca, triturador de palhas e roçadora) e sistemas de adubação (em pré-semeadura e na semeadura), na produção da soja e cobertura do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em Latossolo Vermelho utilizando-se um esquema fatorial 2 x 3 em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: estande inicial e final, distribuição longitudinal, altura de planta e inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens por planta e número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade além da porcentagem de cobertura do solo e biomassa seca no solo. Os sistemas de manejo da palhada, individualmente, influenciaram as variáveis: estande, altura de inserção da primeira vagem e número de vagens por planta. A interação manejo da palhada e adubação, seja na semeadura ou pré-semeadura, não influenciaram a produtividade da soja. A cobertura do solo foi maior para o tratamento com rolo-faca com adubação em pré-semeadura. A massa seca no solo foi maior após manejo para o triturador na adubação em pré-semeadura.Palavras-chave: resíduos agrícolas; desenvolvimento de cultura; uniformidade de distribuição. STRAW MANAGEMENT AND FERTILIZATION IN SOYBEAN PRODUCTION AND SOIL COVER ABSTRACT: Several factors can interfere in the development of the soybean crop, among which we can mention the management of cultural remains and the method of applying the fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate straw management equipment (knife roller, rotary mower and straw crusher) and fertilization systems (before sowing and sowing), soybean production and soil cover. The experiment was conducted in Red Latosol using a 2 x 3 factorial randomized block design with four replicates. The initial and final stand, longitudinal distribution, plant height and insertion of the first pod, number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains and yield in addition to the percentage of soil cover and dry biomass in the soil . The straw management systems, individually, influenced the variables: stand, height of insertion of the first pod and number of pods per plant. The interaction between straw management and fertilization, whether at sowing or before sowing, did not influence soybean yield. Soil cover was higher for the treatment with a knife roller with fertilization in pre-sowing. The dry mass in the soil was higher after handling to the straw crusher in the before seeding fertilization.Keywords: agricultural wastes; growth stages; distribution uniformity.

scholarly journals FOLIAR SPRAYING OF A SEAWEED-BASED BIOSTIMULANT IN SOYBEAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
FABIANO ROSA MEYER ◽  
VALDECI ORIOLI JÚNIOR ◽  
JOÃO VICTOR SILVA BERNARDES ◽  
VICTOR PEÇANHA DE MIRANDA COELHO
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Number Of Branches

ABSTRACT Biostimulants currently available on the market include those containing seaweed extract. There is sufficient scientific evidence to conclude that applying biostimulants to agricultural crops can positively impact plant growth and yield. However, results differ between plants species and environmental conditions. As such, the present study aimed to assess the effects of doses and application times of a biostimulant based on seaweed (Ecklonia maxima) extract on the morphology and yield of soybean crops. The experiment was conducted in a field in the municipality of Uberaba, Minas Gerais state (MG), Brazil, in dystrophic red latosol. A randomized block design was used, with four repetitions, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme consisting of three application times (phenological growth stages: V4, R1 and V4+R1) and five doses of foliar -applied biostimulant (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mL ha-1). In general, biostimulant application influenced the number of branches, nodes, flowers, and pods on the soybean plants and, consequently, crop yield. A dose of 607 mL ha-1 promoted a 6.1% greater grain yield (5379 kg ha-1) than that obtained without biostimulant spraying (5070 kg ha-1). Application in stage R1 resulted in plants with more flowers and pods.

scholarly journals N:K RATIO FOR PHENOLOGICAL GROWTH STAGES OF NET MELON CULTIVATED IN NFT HYDROPONIC SYSTEM1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
CAMILA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
CAROLINA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT The adequate ratio in the supply of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) for each phenological growth stage of melon is fundamental for its growth and development with the maximization of the dry mass partition between the vegetative and reproductive parts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of N and K concentrations in two phenological growth stages (vegetative and reproductive stage) of melon and obtain the best N:K ratio for each one. In the first stage, four concentrations of N (8, 11, 14 and 17 mmol L-1) and two concentrations of K (4 and 5 mmol L-1) were evaluated in a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with five replicates. In the second stage, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, the combinations of the two concentrations of N that generated the best characteristics in the previous stage and two concentrations of K (4.5 and 9.0 mmol L-1) were evaluated. The increase of the N concentration in the vegetative stage promoted the increase of the N, P and S content of leaves and the reduction of K, Ca and Mg. Moreover, it increased the number of leaves, the height of the plant (vertically tutored) and the leaf area. Therefore, 17:5 mmol L-1 was considered as the best N:K ratio for the vegetative stage. In the second stage, there was no effect of N and K concentrations on leaf area, yield and fruit quality. So, 14:4.5 mmol L-1 was considered as the best N:K ratio for the reproductive stage.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ON ITALIAN ZUCCHINI PLANTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
José Carlos Lopes ◽  
Nathália Aparecida Bragança Fávaris ◽  
Allan Rocha de Freitas ◽  
Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre ◽  
Simone De Oliveira Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Red Latosol

Italian zucchini is a very important crop due to its short cycle, high productivity and great market acceptance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence and growth of Italian zucchini plants in substrates enriched with sewage sludge. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using Italian zucchini seeds purchased at a local commerce. The substrates were composed of dystrophic Yellow Red Latosol; sand and sewage sludge in the proportions of 0; 40; 80; 120 and 240 t ha-1, in a randomized block design. Each experimental plot was composed of twenty replicates. The following variables were analyzed: emergence, emergence velocity index, first leaf length, stem length, number of leaves, fresh and dry aerial plant part, volume and root dry mass. It was verified that the post-seminal growth of Italian zucchini is viable in maximum concentration of up to 398.56 t ha-1 of sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

scholarly journals Agronomic performances of Pak Choi grown with different soil cover

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia M Echer ◽  
Graciela M Dalastra ◽  
Tiago L Hachmann ◽  
Elcio S Klosowski ◽  
Vandeir F Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Set Up

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF FORAGE CACTUS VARIETIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPE LIMA DE AMORIM ◽  
JANAINA AZEVEDO MARTUSCELLO ◽  
JOSÉ TEODORICO DE ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
DANIEL DE NORONHA FIGUEIREDO VIEIRA DA CUNHA ◽  
LIANA JANK
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT: Cultivars of the genus Nopalea are known in Brazil for being tolerant to cochineal carmine attacks, thus making the cultivation of this genus a promising alternative for mitigating the negative effects of this insect on the production of biomass. With the objectives of characterizing morphologically spineless forage cactus varieties and identify morphological characteristics that may be the focus in spineless forage cactus breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications. The variety Alagoas showed the highest values of weight, area and volume of cladodes. The varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and V7, Tamazunchale V12 showed the highest values of the cladode area index, the total volume of cladodes and total fresh mass production. The varieties Negro Michoacan V7 and F7 presented the highest water use efficiency and dry mass yield. Cladode volume showed the highest correlation coefficients with the fresh weight of cladodes. Aiming the release of varieties for biomass production, varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 may substitute the Miúda variety. The number and cladode area index may be used as criteria for selection of superior varieties in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Drought-induced alterations in the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the relation with drought tolerance in sugar cane

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Ramos da Silva ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Samira Domingues Carlin ◽  
Bruna Robiati Telles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Although there are evidences that the proper supply of mineral nutrients to plants relieves water stress, little is known on the approach of how the drought affects the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by distinct sugar cane genotypes, or in different parts of a same plant. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the content and accumulation of N, P and K in the aerial part of plant from three genotypes of sugar cane, submitted to three water potentials in the soil, and check the relationship of these variables with the tolerance of plants to prolonged drought. In order to access this objective, an experiment under greenhouse conditions, comprised by a fatorial 3 × 3, in a randomized block design, and four replicates was carried out. After 90 days from treatment imposition, the plant transpiration rate, plant dry mass, concentration of N, P and K were determined in leaves and culms, as well as in total plant shoot were measured. It was found that tolerance to drought in sugar cane is related to higher levels of N and K in the leaves and stems, and larger accumulations of K and P in the plant shoot. There is high positive correlations among accumulation of N, P and K in the plant shoot and dry matter production by plants submitted to drought. There are intermediate correlations among plant transpiration and nutrient uptake by plants under drought. Plants of the genotype SP81-3250 are more tolerante to prolonged drought, than the RB855453 and IACSP95-5000 plants.

scholarly journals Interference of Urochloa plantaginea on Morphophysiology and Yield Components of Black Beans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Milena Barretta Franceschetti ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Maico André Michelon Bagnara ◽  
Renan Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Leonardo Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Among the factors which affect crop productivity, there are weeds which compete for environment resources. The objective of this work was to determine the periods of interference of alexandergrass on the morphophysiology and productivity components of black beans. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The bean cultivar of the black type used was IPR Uirapuru, being the treatments separated in two models of interference: in the coexistence group, the crop of the bean lived with the alexandergrass by growing periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and throughout the cycledays after emergence and throughout the cycle; in the control group the crop was kept free of the infestation for the same periods described previously. At 42 DAE were evaluated the variables related to plant morphology and physiology (height of bean plants, number of trifoliate leaves, dry mass plant, number of grains pods, number od pods plants, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, photosynthetic activity, efficiency of carboxylation, efficient use of water, transpiration rate). Considering the results, it is possible to conclude that the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) comprises 24 to 50 DAE, the period before the interference (PBI) was 24 DAE and the total period of interference prevention (TPIP) was 50 days and that the morphological and physiological variables of the plants were negatively affected in the coexistence with the alexandergrass when compared to the treatments kept free of weeds throughout the crop cycle.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Levels of Phosphorus, Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria and Farmyard Manure on Nutrient Content and Uptake by Bt-Cotton

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
K. V. S. L. Raj Rushi ◽  
P. Prasuna Rani ◽  
P. R. K. Prasad ◽  
P. Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Aim: To determine the effect of integrated use of inorganic phosphorus along with phosphorus solubilising bacteria and farmyard manure on nutrient Content and uptake in Bt-Cotton. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Place of Study: At College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur district. Methodology: After the preliminary layout, the Tulasi-BG II hybrid of cotton was used as a test crop, with a spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm in the experimental site. Plant samples were collected at 45, 90 DAS, and harvest. Plant samples were shade dried and kept in hot air oven at 75°C until a constant weight was obtained. Samples were powdered and then analysed using standard chemical procedures. Results: The uptake of macronutrients viz., N, P, and K was markedly influenced by the treatments with maximum values recorded by the treatment that received 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB. Their uptake significantly differed with increase in dose of phosphorus applied at all growth stages. Combined use of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB resulted in a significant increase in uptake of all micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) at all stages except Cu at 90 DAS. Conclusion: Application of phosphorus combined with FYM and PSB not only reduce inorganic phosphorus fertilization but also enhance the uptake of nutrients and plant nutrient content by providing favourable conditions for plant growth. Application of 30 kg P2O5 ha-1+ PSB + FYM was found to be on a par with addition of only 60 kg ha-1P2O5. Hence the P dose can be reduced to half by integrating with PSB and FYM.

scholarly journals SOIL PROTECTION BY USED OF COVER CROPS CONSORTIA AND SINGLE CULTIVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Jungbluth ◽  
Ana Regina Dahlem Ziech ◽  
Camila Roberta Pereira ◽  
Márcia Cristina Dos Santos ◽  
Patrick Machado
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Technological University

The no-till system has been growing over the years and for this system to be successful, it is essential to maintain permanent vegetation cover over the soil, an adequate crop rotation system with minimal overturning. A strategy for soil protection is to introduce species of cover crops in winter under single or intercropping. The objective was to evaluate the rate of soil cover by intercropping between black oats (Avena strigosa L.) and forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L.) at different sowing densities, as well as the isolated species in terms of soil protection under no-tillage. The study was conducted at the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), campus Santa Helena, with a randomized block design, with five treatments and three repetitions. The treatments were: 100% black oats (BO); 100% forage turnip (FT); 75% BO + 25% FT; 50% BO + 50% FT and 25% BO + 75% FT. The cover crops were sown in May 2019. The percentage of soil cover from 21 to 91 days after sowing (DAS) was evaluated using the photographic method, with weekly collection of images in an area delimited by a metallic frame (25 m²), positioned on the ground at two fixed points per plot. The coverage rate quantification was estimated by overlaying a grid with 100 points of intersection over each image. The rate of soil cover by consortia and single crops did not show a statistically significant difference. To 49 days, consortia had coverage equal to or greater than 70%, while for single species, this percentage was reached at 56 DAS and 70 DAS, for BO and FT, respectively. All treatments showed high potential for soil protection and coverage rate from 70 DAS.

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