scholarly journals VIABILIDADE DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL COM USO DE EFLUENTES TRATADOS EM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Job Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
Priscila da Silva Maradini ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Ricardo Gava
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Anaerobic Lagoon ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade econômica do uso de esgotos sanitários, tratados com diferentes níveis de eficiência, para fertirrigação por pivô central em cultivos de algodão e soja. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio da simulação e comparação de dois projetos de tratamento de esgoto sanitário a serem instalados na cidade de Correntina (BA). Para os cálculos de viabilidade, utilizou-se a planilha eletrônica AmazonSaf. Foram propostos dois cenários para o tratamento de esgoto para posterior fertirrigação: cenário A (pré-tratamento seguido de lagoa anaeróbia) e cenário B (pré-tratamento seguido de sistema australiano de lagoas e polimento com a ecotecnologia dos wetlands). Observou-se que os custos totais foram maiores no cenário B, devido ao aumento no investimento com o tratamento via wetland. O aumento direto foi de 0,82%, com um período de retorno do investimento de 8,7 anos. Há viabilidade econômica em reutilizar o efluente sanitário tratado do município de Correntina para irrigação de algodão e soja, independentemente do sistema de tratamento a ser adotado, embora a complementação do processo com a instalação do sistema de wetland se faça vantajosa do ponto de vista econômico, ambiental e social. Palavras-chave: análise financeira; economia circular; fertirrigação; reuso; sustentabilidade.   Feasibility of central pivot fertirrigation with the use of effluents treated at different levels   ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to verify the economic viability of using sanitary sewage, treated with different levels of efficiency, for central pivot fertigation in cotton and soybean crops. The study was developed through the simulation and comparison of two sanitary sewage treatment projects to be installed in the city of Correntina (BA). For feasibility calculations, the AmazonSaf spreadsheet was used. Two scenarios were proposed for the treatment of sewage for subsequent fertigation: scenario A (pre-treatment followed by anaerobic lagoon) and scenario B (pre-treatment followed by Australian pond system and polishing with wetland ecotechnology). It was observed that the total costs were higher in scenario B, due to the increase in investment with wetland treatment. The direct increase was 0.82%, with a payback period of 8.7 years. There is economic viability in reusing the treated sanitary effluent from the municipality of Correntina for irrigation of cotton and soy, regardless of the treatment system to be adopted, although complementing the process with the installation of the wetland system is advantageous from an economic point of view, environmental and social. Keywords: financial analysis; circular economy; fertigation; reuse; sustainability.

scholarly journals Metaphorical Perception of Kazan Through the Prism of the Tatar Gastronomic Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-297
Author(s):  
Elena L. Iakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Careful Handling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stable Association ◽  
National Cuisine ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

The relevance of the research topic is due to the interest in urban space and its cultural and symbolic meaning. The city, perceived as a text, helps in interpreting to understand its specifics and represent it at different levels, which increases, among other things, its tourist attractiveness. The purpose of the study is to analyze the metaphor of Kazan-a woman through the prism of the gastronomic culture of the Tatars. Materials and Methods of Research. The methodological basis of the research consists of the cosmosophical ideas of G. D. Gachev, as well as the books of K. F. Fuchs, K. Nasyri, F. Ibragimova, S. Lutfullina, in which there are characteristics of the gastronomic culture of the Tatars. In the original metaphor, analyzed from the point of view of G. D. Gachev’s cosmosophy, where Kazan represents the Cosmos, and a woman represents Psyche, a missing link is found – the Logos. It is this link that, while remaining an open structure, accommodates various spheres of manifestation of the national mind in the field of culture and art, which helps to identify the feminine qualities of the city when interpreting the metaphor. Results. A stable association associated with Kazan is its Tatar national cuisine. This is no coincidence. The very history of the city according to some extant legends and legends is associated with the cauldron, which is a mandatory attribute of the cuisine. Despite the primacy of the man in the family, the mistress of the kitchen is a woman. It is on her that a huge number of duties are assigned to prepare food and create a spiritual atmosphere during the meal. Gastronomic culture, acting as a Logo, allows us to identify such qualities of Kazan, interpreted as an image of a woman-hostess, as hospitality, cordiality, respect, sensitivity, creativity, rationalism, skillful and careful handling of products. Discussion and conclusion. Clarification of the meaning of the Kazan-woman metaphor requires further study. At the same time, other spheres of culture and various texts of art can act as Logos.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC ATTRACTIVENESS OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS FOR POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Аксянова ◽  
A. Aksianova ◽  
С. Чехломин ◽  
S. Chekhlomin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The City

<p>Reducing the number of city-forming enterprises in single-industry towns leads to a decrease in the standard of living and migration of the population to other cities. From the economic point of view in many cases, the support of such cities is inappropriate, and there is a need to support the most rapid migration of the population to<br />more favorable cities. But on the other hand, the dispersal system in Russia is characterized by sparseness, and in many cases isolated monocities are important for the integrity of the territorial structure of the country. The article identifies the main factors that can<br />influence the increase in the attractiveness of single-industry towns for the population. This approach can be an effective tool for assessing the potential of single-industry urban settlements. Approbation of the proposed campaign in the Republic of Tatarstan<br />and the Kemerovo region made it possible to conclude that the strategic direction in the development of single-industry cities should be connected with the economic diversity of the city. Acceleration of economic growth, as well as sustainability of business can be<br />achieved by the development of small and medium-sized businesses</p>

scholarly journals The Spatial Perspective in Post-Earthquake Evaluation to Improve Mitigation Strategies: Geostatistical Analysis of the Seismic Damage Applied to a Real Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador García-Ayllón ◽  
Antonio Tomás ◽  
José Luis Ródenas
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
New Framework

The analysis of damage in cities after an earthquake to implement mitigation strategies of seismic risk is a complex job that is usually full of uncertainties. Numerous variables affect the final result of the observable damage in a set of buildings in an urban area. The use of methodologies capable of providing global explanations beyond the traditional unidisciplinary approach of disciplines, such as structural analysis, earthquake engineering, geotechnics, or seismology, can be very useful for improving the behavior of our cities against earthquakes. This article presents geostatistical post-earthquake analysis, an innovative approach in this field of research based on GIS spatial statistical tools to evaluate the importance of the different variables after an earthquake that may have caused damage in a city. This new framework will be applied to analyze, from a geostatistical perspective, the damage levels observed in the city of Lorca (Spain) after the earthquake of 2011; a case study where various studies have proposed different measures to mitigate the impact of future earthquakes as a consequence of focusing on different phenomena as the main variable for the damage produced. A bivariate GIS assessment will allow spatial correlation of the problems detected from a statistical point of view (inadequate design of buildings, age of the real estate stock, inefficient urban planning configurations, geological risk, etc.) and the different levels of damage that the technicians who participated in the post-earthquake phase evaluated in the city. The results obtained will allow one to hierarchize the importance of the different detected phenomena to prepare the city better against future earthquakes and to elaborate an improved seismic mitigation strategy.

scholarly journals Phytopathogenic Cercosporoid Fungi—From Taxonomy to Modern Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8555
Author(s):  
Urszula Świderska-Burek ◽  
Margaret E. Daub ◽  
Elizabeth Thomas ◽  
Magdalena Jaszek ◽  
Anna Pawlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Cercosporoid Fungi ◽  
Different Levels

Phytopathogenic cercosporoid fungi have been investigated comprehensively due to their important role in causing plant diseases. A significant amount of research has been focused on the biology, morphology, systematics, and taxonomy of this group, with less of a focus on molecular or biochemical issues. Early and extensive research on these fungi focused on taxonomy and their classification based on in vivo features. Lately, investigations have mainly addressed a combination of characteristics such as morphological traits, host specificity, and molecular analyses initiated at the end of the 20th century. Some species that are important from an economic point of view have been more intensively investigated by means of genetic and biochemical methods to better understand the pathogenesis processes. Cercosporin, a photoactivated toxin playing an important role in Cercospora diseases, has been extensively studied. Understanding cercosporin toxicity in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production facilitated the discovery and regulation of the cercosporin biosynthesis pathway, including the gene cluster encoding pathway enzymes. Furthermore, these fungi may be a source of other biotechnologically important compounds, e.g., industrially relevant enzymes. This paper reviews methods and important results of investigations of this group of fungi addressed at different levels over the years.

Banking, Money-Lending, and Elite Financial Life in Rome

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-112
Author(s):  
Jean Andreau
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Public ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Through legislation and judicial decisions, the public administration (the city, first, and then the Empire) organized and regulated the activities of the various social groups. What was their impact on the complex world of banking and credit? After having briefly described how banking and financial life functioned in the Roman world, this chapter examines the way in which praetors and jurisconsults considered these activities, which legal rules they established, what were the effects of such rules, especially from the economic point of view, and how they developed from the first centuries of the Republic to the fourth century AD.

scholarly journals Technical-economic viability of mechanized picking coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in up to three annual operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e0201
Author(s):  
Bruno R. De Oliveira ◽  
Tiago De O. Tavares ◽  
Luan P. De Oliveira ◽  
Rouverson P. Da Silva ◽  
Lívia C. G. Chicone
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Aim of study: Unavailability, coupled with the burden of labor for agricultural services nowadays, has made the mechanization process of harvesting of fallen coffee (Coffea arabica L.) essential. Although this operation has essential importance, it is often not monitored and executed in search of extreme quality. Considering the search for higher profits, this study aimed to analyze the performance of a coffee picker in three passes in an area in order to collect and process all the material and its economic viability.Area of study: The experiment was carried out in July 2017 in the Brazilian Cerrado, in the municipality of Presidente Olegário, Minas Gerais, Brazil, at Fazenda Gaúcha/Café.Material and methods: The amount of gathered coffee was equivalent to 600 kg ha−1 of processed coffee. The data from 2017 were used to analyze the economic viability of the picking operation. Treatments were distributed in split-blocks with three passes of the picking machine. The analyzed variables were picking and cleaning efficiency, picking losses, and percentage of vegetal and mineral impurities.Main results: Coffee losses reached the minimum level in the third pass. However, the harvesting operation could be carried out at most twice in the same area from the economic point of view under the evaluated conditions.Research highlights: Mechanized picking of coffee can be performed at most twice in the same area, providing a positive economic return.

scholarly journals Self-Storage Cities: A New Typology of (Sub)Urban Enclave

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Aiello ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Planned Obsolescence ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Suburban Sprawl ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Industrial Landscape ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
The City ◽  
Storage Facilities

In the periphery, arrays of self-storage facilities are part of the light industrial landscape of warehouses and ex-urban alienation. Within the urban fabric, storage buildings represent both container and camouflage architecture, and are perfect examples of what Professor Crawford calls “background buildings.”1 Self-storage facilities are an architectural typology worthy of study, and not only for their growing impact on the city and suburban sprawl, or for the uncanny ability to mimic other design typologies and adapt to the target market. They can be examined in terms of building type and construction methods. From the economic point of view, storage facilitiesare compelling: they are a by-product of shopping/goods architecture, consumerism and planned obsolescence. They embody currently popular issues of surplus and clutter/hoarding. The issue of “material excess” becomes an (ex) urban pathology, endemic to a culture of wholesale commerce and warehouse buying experiences. The clutter culture can be mapped and becomes tangible in the form of the “country of storage facilities”, a veritable document to “stuff obesity”. The current rise of self-storage facilities is also a physical reminder of the consequence of changes in social and living conditions. How do we, as architects and urban designers, confront the typology of the self-storage facility and the new urban/exurban enclaves that these commercial containers of space have created? How can we better understand the nature of the singularly camouflaged “housing of stuff” often found in the downtowns of second-tier U.S cities? The content of these buildings, the “user”if you wish, is constituted entirely of stuff we cannotor do not wish to fit in our homes. What is it that we store, and why?

ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF FAMILY DAIRY FARMS

2018 ◽  
Vol XIX (6) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Sowula-Skrzyńska ◽  
Grzegorz Skrzyński ◽  
Renata Matysik-Pejas ◽  
Sabina Kurpan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Constant Cost ◽  
Break Even Point

For optimal farm management, it is very important to research potential opportunities of raising its rental ability. These opportunities lie as by side of selling income as of its costs. It causes a necesity of constant cost control and of looking for new methods of reducing these costs. The aim of study was the assessment of economic viability of family dairy farms .The economic efficiency of these farms was analysed according to scale of production. Basic indicators and measures of the economic efficiency of production, such as net agricultural income, gross margin, production costs, parity income and break-even point were calculated. The paper presents the analyze of disproportion income between small and large farms. The executed analysis showed that from economic point of view the optimal dairy farms maintains about 60 cows.

scholarly journals Characterizing the level of economic development of countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-354
Author(s):  
Alexandra Nastu ◽  
Stelian Stancu ◽  
Andreea Dumitrache
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to provide an objective analysis of the economic development level of countries. This is done by measuring it through a new index and by classifying the countries in an optimal number of clusters, each group characterizing different levels of economic development. The proposed methodology is based on three steps: creating a composite index (by applying the principal component analysis), establishing the optimal number of development groups (based on the number of principal components and on the hierarchical clustering) and clustering countries into them (with the help of k-means analysis). Therefore, this approach solves the difficulty of classifying the countries, complication that is mentioned in the specialized literature. Also, the paper creates a better understanding on the economic development level of countries, as, usually, the papers examine the economic growth level of countries. The analysis is conducted at the level of 60 countries for year 2015, using 12 indicators from categories that influence economic development (income, inequality, health, education and living conditions). The empirical results revealed that the countries can be grouped in two groups: economical developed countries (approximatively 2/3) and economic developing countries (approximatively 1/3). The countries that are most developed from an economic point of view are: Singapore, Luxemburg and Finland.

scholarly journals Income Self-Sufficiency and Profitability of Professional Theatres in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Bečica
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government

Abstract The paper assesses the professional theatres operating under the Association of Professional Theatres in the Czech Republic in the period 2011-2015 using the financial analysis, particularly the profitability indicator ratio (ROA, ROCE, ROE, ROS) and the rate of income self-sufficiency. The reason for this economic exploration of theatres is in the fact that the service they provide fall under collectively provided public goods (a common feature of most cultural institutions), and that the market is not able to effectively secure these goods on the profit principle. The J. K. Tyl Theatre in Pilsen, the Drak Theatre in Hradec Králové and the Moravian Slovakia Theatre in Uherské Hradiště have reported the best results of profitability indicators. Whereas the worst results in profitability have been reported for the North Bohemian Theatre of Opera and Ballet in Ústí nad Labem, the Antonín Dvořák Theatre in Příbram and the South Bohemian Theatre in České Budějovice. The rate of income self-sufficiency within 2011-2015 ranges from 12-55% of the total budget volume, and volume and shows a strong dependency of professional theatres on foreign resources, particularly from public resources of the local levels of the government being the most common funder of these cultural institutions. It turns out that, from the economic point of view, it is illogical to transform non-profit contributory organizations in culture with a public funder into a different legal form when the purpose of the establishment and the funder remain preserved. Better results are generally obtained from single-genre theatres and, in terms of the auditorium size, smaller theatres focusing on drama or children's production.

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