Heritage of Islamic Ethics and Contemporary Issues A Call for Relevantization

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 295-313
Author(s):  
Mohammad Manzoor Malik
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Divine Command Theory ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior

This study addresses the subject of Islamic ethics from definitional and disciplinary perspectives. It highlights the need for relevantization of Islamic ethics to contemporary issues in a systematic manner which, in turn, calls for development of Islamic ethics as a complete discipline with ability to meet all types of challenges: conceptual, practical, normative, applicative, etc. Regarding the definitional issue, different from and more expansive than the traditional understanding of al-ākhlāq, the researcher argues that a proper definition of ethics should include ethically relevant habits, character, and behavior in its subject matter. As an academic discipline of paramount, practical significance, Islamic ethics should adequately address metaethical, normative, and applicative aspects of the subject. In terms of metaethics, Islamic ethics is derived from revealed knowledge; whereas, principles of Islamic jurisprudence (usËl al-fīqh)offers the best available methodology for the discipline in meeting demands of normativity and application. Regarding the nature of the subject of Islamic ethics, the researcher argues that understanding Islamic ethics as virtue ethics is unjustifiable reduction because a careful study of the subject from its sources would prove that Islamic ethics is rather an integrated field comprising of virtues ethics, divine command theory, duty-based ethics, etc. Therefore, Islamic ethics should be developed, taught, and learned as a whole composite of above-mentioned elements.

scholarly journals Concept and Essence of the Forensic Study of Personality

2018 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
D. V. Isyutin-Fedotkov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language

The article considers and analyzes various opinions on the category "forensic study of personality". From the point of view of the Russian language, the various meanings of the term "study" fully and in a multifaceted way reflect the activities of the investigator in the study of the person in the course of sufficient disclosure and investigation of crimes. It is concluded that forensic study of personality can be considered as a process, theory (doctrine) and part of criminalistics (educational discipline, special course). In this connection, the definition of the term "forensic study of personality" depends on understanding of its essence. Forensic study of personality as a process for the study of personality is associated with activity. Forensic study of the personality as a theory (doctrine) is associated with the objective laws that constitute the subject of criminalistics. Forensic study of the personality as a section of criminalistics (academic discipline, special course) is based on a theoretical basis, on the basis of which methods, approaches to studying personality are considered. The ultimate goal of forensic study of personality is solving the problems of disclosure and investigation of crimes. Author's definitions of the term "forensic study of personality" are proposed.

scholarly journals Artificial womb technology and the significance of birth: why gestatelings are not newborns (or fetuses)

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 728-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Chloe Romanis
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

In a recent publication, I argued that there is a conceptual difference between artificial womb (AW) technology, capable of facilitating gestation ex utero, and neonatal intensive care, providing incubation to neonates born prematurely. One of the reasons I provided for this distinction was that the subjects of each process are different entities. The subject of the process of gestation ex utero is a unique human entity: a ‘gestateling’, rather than a fetus or a newborn preterm neonate. Nick Colgrove wrote a response to my paper, claiming that my distinction between the subject of an AW and a newborn (in intensive care) was false. He claims that I have not accounted for the proper definition of ‘birth’ and that gestatelings are not a distinct product of human reproduction. Further, Colgrove posits that even if I can successfully distinguish gestatelings from preterms, such a distinction is morally irrelevant because the entities would have the same moral status. In this paper, I address the three challenges raised and defend the claim that gestatelings are unique entities. Moreover, I argue that moral status should not be considered ipso facto determinative in the debate about AWs.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF INTERIOR DESIGN OF SOCIAL HOUSING

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
V. A. Abyzov ◽  
I. S. Brazhnikova ◽  
O. V. Vyshnevska ◽  
N. O. Ryshkevych
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Definition Of

The purposeof the study are analysis and definition of the main functional-planning, artistic and aesthetic features of the formation of interiors of social housing and development of proposals for their modern design solutions. Methodology. Theoretical and practical research methods were used, namely analysis of scientific and popular literature on the research topic, generalization of approaches to functional-planning and stylistic solutions of social housing based on analysis of design experience, experimental computer modeling using ArchiCAD and 3DsMax. Results. Based on the analysis of research and modern practice of formation of social housing, the methods of functional-planning and artistic-aesthetic organization of the internal environment of social housing and its subject-spatial content are revealed. Features and examples of rational interior design solutions for small apartments are considered. The scientific novelty lies in the generalization of previous research on this topic and the identification of functional and planning features of the formation of the subject-spatial environment of social housing of small apartments and providing suggestions for the design of their interiors. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in their introduction into the modern practice of designing social housing with economical small apartments and in the development of interiors of their internal subject-spatial environment.

Correlates of Public Sentiments About War: Local Referenda on the Vietnam Issue

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1186-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlan Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Access ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Relative Neglect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Attitudes Toward War ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior

Political science, by whatever definition of the discipline one might want to adopt, traditionally has been concerned with public opinion and participation on significant policy questions. Although the literature has become too vast for a complete enumeration of the varied contexts in which this research has been conducted, one issue that might rank high on a list of priorities for study—and yet has received somewhat less emphasis than other topics—is the subject of public attitudes toward war.Perhaps this relative neglect has been promoted by a lack of opportunities for direct public participation in foreign policy decisions. Unlike most domestic issues, controversies over world problems have been relatively insulated from popular influence. Hence, research on the development of international conflict usually has devoted more attention to the statements and behavior of national leaders or key influentials than to public sentiments regarding war.In recent years, however, the bitter debate generated by the war in Vietnam has stimulated mounting interest in popular attitudes concerning military action. The controversy has provoked both an unusual display of public disagreement about the war and a desire for basic changes in the policy-making process. Many persons not only have registered strong disapproval of American involvement in the Vietnam war, but they also have expressed an acute sense of frustration about their inability to affect the conduct of international relations. As a result, growing demands have emerged to permit expanded public access to critical decisions and to create increasingly democratic methods of formulating foreign policy.

scholarly journals THE ESSENCE OF FINANCIAL UNCERTAINTY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Margarita K. Borodavina ◽  
Svetlana V. Rybakova ◽  
Anna V. Savina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
Financial Uncertainty ◽  
Financial Credit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The subject of the research is the concept and content of financial uncertainty as a new institution of financial law and, at the same time, a new phenomenon of financial and le-gal science. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of financial uncertainty, to analyze the features and practical significance and identify factors that affect the occurrence of financial uncertainty. The methodology of the study includes methods of dialectical logic, analysis and synthe-sis, as well as formal legal analysis of legal acts. The main results and scope of their application. The financial uncertainty is a new institu-tion of financial law and, at the same time, a new phenomenon of financial and legal sci-ence. Although the elements of financial uncertainty as the economic phenomenon are not new and are known to the practice of financial legal relations and the norms of finan-cial legislation. Since the system of financial law is multi-spectral, especially in modern economic condi-tions, the institution of financial uncertainty, like many other institutions of financial law, is multifaceted and has its own characteristics in the framework of tax law, budget law, institutions of financial and legal regulation of banking and insurance, as well as other. For the general part of financial law, it is necessary to determine the definition of the concept of "financial uncertainty", its signs and elements. It is important to distinguish between the content of the institution of financial uncertainty in the legal regulation of fiscal interests of the state, as well as the interests of the state in public law regulation of finance of the private sector of the economy. In addition, to understand the problems of the institution of financial uncertainty in the subject of financial law, it is important to distinguish be-tween financial and monetary relations. In all cases, the key, initial condition for scientific discourse is the risky nature of financial planning and forecasting. It is the principle of planning as one of the important principles of financial law that must be studied in the development of the desired institution. Conclusions. Financial uncertainty as a legal institution is complex because uncertainty and risks permeate the entire sphere of public financial activity: fiscal, parafiscal, mone-tary (including payment). In this regard, it can be argued that aspects of financial uncer-tainty relate, in fact, to each link of the financial, credit, monetary, and payment systems, and, accordingly, to each institution of a special part of financial law.

Genocide

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Holocaust Studies ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Genocide Studies ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Definition Of

Genocide is an interdisciplinary problem for scholars; no single academic discipline has yet taken on the study of genocide in a serious, systematic, and significant way, let alone placed an exclusive claim on it. The historical development of the genocide literature begins with the emergence of Holocaust studies, and the word “genocide” itself was coined in 1944, during World War II. Comparative genocide studies were later developed, in addition to the post-Cold War explosion in the second generation literature on genocide. The scholarly questions on genocide that have been fairly well settled—at least to a certain extent—have to do with core elements of the definition of genocide. This literature, in short, focuses on three principal concerns: definition, explanation, and prevention. What emerges out of the genocide literature over the years is consensus on the fact that genocide is the destruction of people as members of a group. They are differences over which groups should be covered by the definition—for instance, political and socioeconomic groups—but not on the fact that the victims have been targeted because of their group identity, and no other reason. To supplement the scholarship on genocide, future research agendas might include a careful study of the growing transnational antigenocide movement, a comparative analysis of genocide leaders, and many more.

scholarly journals The impact of extralinguistic factors upon the subject matter of children's discourse

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Luan Luan
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Identity And Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children's Speech

This article analyzes different perspectives on the problem of definition of the concept of “children's discourse”, reveals its theoretical framework, as well as clarifies the impact of extralinguistic factors upon the subject matter. Children’s everyday speech. recorded by their parents and posted on the website “Children Speak” www.det.org.ru, is the subject of this research. The goal consists in identification and analysis of the thematic peculiarities of children's discourse and the contributing factors. The scientific novelty of this work lies in revelation of thematic peculiarities of children's discourse on the example of children’s everyday speech; analysis of the key factors influencing their speech activity depending on the frequency of utilization of the studied topics. Theoretical significance of this work consists in elucidation of the concept of “children's discourse”, its dependence on the child’s linguistic identity, and difference from children's speech. Practical significance consists in the acquired results that can be applied in the university courses of psycholinguistics, linguoculturology, ontolinguistics, as well as in compiling textbooks on the Russian language for children. The author distinguishes between the concepts of “children's discourse” and “children's speech”; establishes correlation between the children's discourse and child’s linguistic identity; highlights the frequently used thematic groups, as well as underlines the impact of such factors as visual objects, sociology, and culture upon the children’s discourse. The conclusions may become the foundation for further research dedicated to to children's discourse, children's speech, ontolinguistics, etc.

scholarly journals Review of Artistic Research and Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
Rachel Mader
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Artistic Research

The intersection between artistic research and literature has so far found little attention in the literature of arts research (Caduff & Wälchli, 2019). This is surprising as artistic research regularly encompasses creative forms of language, but also because creative writing has established itself as an academic discipline for quite some time. The anthology I review here, Artistic Research and Literature, edited by Corina Caduff and Tan Wälchli offers a heterogeneous and hybrid collection of contributions engaged with the performative quality of the research, the definition of the subject, institutional affiliations and self-positionings as well as a diverse range of case studies. 

scholarly journals The system of work with underachievers in english lessons at the primary school level

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Zoya Igorevna Trubina
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
School Level ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The problem stated in the paper concerns one of the main problems of modern schools underachievement in foreign language lessons. The paper presents the main reasons for poor performance, as well as the rules that must be followed by the teacher when working with underachieving children in English lessons. The subject of the study is the system of work aimed at eliminating underachievement of primary school students in English. The aim of the research is to identify the reasons of the problem and to develop a series of classes in English to tackle underachievement in English. The theoretical significance of the study deals with generalizing of the methodological material for determining the causes of underachievement and ways to overcome it. The paper can serve as a basis for further scientific research related to the definition of the ways to improve the quality of education of schoolchildren. The practical significance of the paper lies in the possibility of using the essentials of the study in the organization of the educational process in English. The theoretical and methodological basis includes the works on the causes of underachievement (K.V. Bardin, L.S. Slavina, K.N. Meshalkina, I.V. Dubrovina); research on psychological and pedagogical problems of underachievement (P.P. Blonsky) particularly, in English (N.P. Lokalova, Z.I. Kalmykova, M.A. Kholodnaya); methodological works on the definition of difficulties and causes of underachievement (S.N. Kostromina, A.F. Anufriev, Yu.Z. Gilbukh, A.A. Budarny). The research methods are the analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature, logical argumentation, proof, generalization, logical justification, synthesis, reflection, description.

ON THE QUESTION OF SOME FEATURES OF THE UNIFIED STATE REGISTERS AS THE SUBJECT OF A CRIME

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
INESSA PETROVA ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

The article considers some features of the unified state registers that are the subject of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, reveals the content of each designated feature of the concept under study, which allowed us to formulate a definition of the unified state registers. The systematization of the unified state registers is given, based on their classification on various grounds. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of criminal law protection of relations in the field of maintaining unified state registers, for the understanding of which it is necessary to know the regulatory legislation, since the disposition of the criminal law norm provided for in Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is of a blank nature. The study shows that a clear definition of unified state registers allows us to assess from a legal point of view which of them are the subject of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which is reflected in the correct qualification of criminal acts that infringe on relations in the field of maintaining unified state registers. The purpose of the study is to clarify the features of criminal law protection of relations in the field of maintaining unified state registers through the prism of understanding some of the characteristic features of unified state registers as the subject of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The conducted research allowed us to formulate the author's definition of the unified state registers, to clearly identify the features inherent in the unified state registers, which allows us to give a legal assessment of acts containing signs of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the work is a synergetic approach, implemented through structural analysis and effective synthesis through the study of certain aspects of the criminal law phenomenon under consideration. The practical significance of the work consists in the possibility of distinguishing the attribution of unified state registers to the subject of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation from unified state registers that are not such, which will eventually be reflected in a clear distinction between criminal acts and other illegal ones.

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