Effects of Enteral Administration of Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirotaon Healthy Children, Dysbiosis in Obese Children, and the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Enteral Administration

scholarly journals Association between rs1421085 and rs9939609 Polymorphisms of Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene with High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglyceride in Obese Turkish Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Inandiklioğlu ◽  
Adem Yaşar
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fto Gene ◽  
Turkish Children

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that rs9939609 and rs1421085 in fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene rs17782313 and rs12970134 in melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene influence obesity. In the present study, we aimed to determine association between rs9939609, rs1421085, rs17782313, and rs12970134 polymorphism, and their relation with body mass index (BMI), glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid values in obese children. We included 100 newly diagnosed obese children and 100 healthy children. The rs1421085 (CC/CT) (p = 0.019) and rs9939609 (AA/AT) (p = 0.002) polymorphism regions were higher in the obese group. Additionally, we found that both the rs1421085 (CC/CT) and rs9939609 (AA/AT) polymorphism associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.011 and p = 0.003) and triglycerides (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004) level, respectively. Further, the rs9939609 and rs1421085 variants of FTO gene associated with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides levels in obese children; however, updated studies with a large sample size are required to establish strong links with genetic variants and risk factors in childhood obesity.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF LACTASE DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN’S OBESITY WITH GENOTYPE C/C 13910 OF LACTASE GENE

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Alexandr Ye. Abaturov ◽  
Yuri M. Stepanov ◽  
Anna A. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Lactase Deficiency ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Hydrogen Breath Test ◽  
Lactose Maldigestion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Genotype C ◽  
Lactase Gene

Introduction: Excess lactose in the diet of modern man causes the development of not only lactase deficiency, but it can be a factor that contributes to obesity. The aim: To study associations between obesity and genotype C/C 13910 of lactase gene (LCT) in children, to investigate the effectiveness of treatment using drug exogenous lactase and a low-lactose diet. Materials and methods: genotyping of lactase gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction, determining the level of lactose maldigestion by hydrogen breath test (HBT), estimating the insulin resistance with the HOMA-IR index in 70 obese children and 40 healthy children 6 - 18 years. Obese children with genotype C/C 13910 and lactose maldigestion (n=40) were randomized in two groups: children from group I (n=20) received an exogenous lactase preparation, and children from group II (n=20) - low-lactose diet. Results: in obese children, the genotype C/C 13910 is 2 times more often than in healthy children. Obese children with genotype C/C 13910 have a significantly higher value of HBT (32.8–39.8 ppm) compared to healthy children (p<0.05), and an increased value of the HOMA-IR index. After treatment, there was a significant decrease in HBT and the HOMA-IR index in the two comparison groups. Conclusions: signs of insulin resistance are observed in children with obesity, genotype C/C 13910 and lactose maldigestion. The use of exogenous lactase in the therapy or the administration of a low-lactose diet cause approximately the same decrease in the HOMA-IR index.

scholarly journals Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Status in Prepubertal Children with Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Rowicka ◽  
Hanna Dyląg ◽  
Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Riahi ◽  
Halina Weker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Prepubertal Children

Aims. Obesity is accompanied by the formation of oxygen free radicals, whose intensified activity without effective defense mechanisms can lead to oxidative stress and related complications. We evaluated the presence of oxidative stress in obese prepubertal children. Methods. The study included 83 healthy children aged 2–10 years (62 with obesity and 21 nonobese controls). Total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), lipid parameters, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in serum. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results. Serum TOC concentration was significantly higher (p<0.05) and TAC concentration was lower (p<0.05) in obese children. OSI was higher (p<0.01) in obese subjects compared with controls. CRP levels were normal in all children, but median CRP value was higher (p<0.01) and HDL cholesterol levels were lower (p<0.05) in the obese group. We found a significant negative correlation between TAC and ox-LDL concentrations (r=−0.27, p<0.05) in obese children. Furthermore, obesity duration was positively correlated with TOC level (r=0.32, p<0.05) in this group. Conclusions. Obesity-related oxidative stress already occurs in prepubescence. Early obesity diagnosis and the necessary therapeutic activity implementation is a vital strategy for the prophylaxis of free radical damage and related multiorgan complications.

Relation of insulin resistance to neurocognitive function and electroencephalography in obese children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Akın ◽  
İbrahim Eker ◽  
Mutluay Arslan ◽  
Süleyman Tolga Yavuz ◽  
Sevil Akman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground:Childhood obesity may lead to neuronal impairment in both the peripheral and the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) on the central nervous system and neurocognitive functions in children.Methods:Seventy-three obese children (38 male and 35 female) and 42 healthy children (21 male and 21 female) were recruited. Standard biochemical indices and IR were evaluated. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and electroencephalography (EEG) were administered to all participants. The obese participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of IR, and the data were compared between the subgroups.Results:Only verbal scores on the WISC-R in the IR+ group were significantly lower than those of the control and IR– groups. There were no differences between the groups with respect to other parameters of the WISC-R or the EEG. Verbal scores of the WISC-R were negatively correlated with obesity duration and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. EEGs showed significantly more frequent ‘slowing during hyperventilation’ (SDHs) in obese children than non-obese children.Conclusions:Neurocognitive functions, particularly verbal abilities, were impaired in obese children with IR. An early examination of cognitive functions may help identify and correct such abnormalities in obese children.

The study of tryptophan metabolite concentrations in blood serum and fecal extracts from obese children

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-501
Author(s):  
A.V. Shestopalov ◽  
O.P. Shatova ◽  
A.M. Gaponov ◽  
N.E. Moskaleva ◽  
S.A. Appolonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Metabolic Coupling ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolite

We found that changes in the concentrations of tryptophan metabolites in the blood serum and in the intestinal contents are one of the mechanisms for the formation of metabolic coupling in the system "macroorganism-intestinal microbiota", which undergoes significant changes in the development of obesity. Although blood kynurenine remained basically unchanged in obese children we found an increase in some of its serum metabolites: anthranilic, kynurenic and xanthurenic acids. It is noteworthy that in the analysis of fecal matter in obese children, revealed a 2-fold increase in the level of kynurenine while the concentration of kynurenine pathway metabolites corresponded to the level of the group of healthy children. This may indicate the metabolic activation of the microbiota associated with the intestinal mucosa. This is also supported by the absence of statistically significant differences in the concentration of indole in healthy children and in obese children in fecal analyses, and a significant increase in the concentration of indole-3-lactate and indole-3-acetate in the blood serum of obese children.

scholarly journals SFRP5 mediates downregulation of the wnt5a/caveolin-1/JNK signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Weihua Liu ◽  
Yuqiang Ji ◽  
Haiping Chu ◽  
Mo Wang ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Jnk Signaling ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Jnk Signaling Pathway ◽  
Huvec Cells

This study investigated the effects of Wnt5a/caveolin/JNK signaling pathway and SFRP5 protein on ox-LDL-induced apoptosis of HUVEC cells. The difference of serological indexes between healthy average weight and obese children and the expression of Wnt 5a and SFRP5 was detected by clinical examination, and the correlation between serum SFRP5, Wnt 5a and the vascular endothelial injury was detected. HUVEC cells were induced by ox-LDL to construct an endothelial injury model, siRNA-transfected cells were used to construct downregulated SFRP5 and Wnt 5a expression groups, and recombination methods were used to construct upregulated Wnt5a and SFRP5 expression groups. The expression of Wnt 5a, caveolin-1, JNK and apoptosis-related proteins under different treatments were detected by the Western blot method, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Serological results showed that the level of Sfrp5 in obese children was significantly lower than that in healthy children, and the level of Wnt5a was significantly higher than that in healthy children. Moreover, Ln Sfrp5 was significantly negatively correlated with Ang-2 in blood circulation, ICAM-1 and E-selectin selectin, but not with VCAM-1. When Wnt5a was upregulated, the expression of caveolin-1 and JNK increased significantly, Bcl-2 decreased significantly, and the apoptotic rate increased significantly. Nevertheless, when Sfrp5 expression was upregulated, the result was the opposite. SFRP5 and Wnt5a are involved in the vascular endothelial injury. Wnt5a can promote apoptosis of HUVEC cells through Wnt5a/JNK/Caveolin-1 pathway, while SFRP5 can inhibit apoptosis by interfering with this pathway.

scholarly journals Modulating effect of vitamin D status on serum anti-adenovirus 36 antibody amount in obese children: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Nikooyeh ◽  
Bruce Hollis ◽  
Tirang Reza Neyestani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Adenovirus 36

Abstract Background. Among the causative factors of obesity, a rather newly proposed theory is viral infections. The association of ADV-36 infection and obesity has been reported by some research groups in children. We hypothesized that the association between ADV-36 infection and adiposity may be mediated by sub-optimal vitamin D status of the host. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a case control study on children and adolescents with normal weight, over weight and obesity. Methods. In total, 91 (normal weight: 33, overweight: 33, obese: 25) apparently healthy children aged 5-18 years were randomly selected from the registered population at National Food and Nutrition Surveillance Program (NFNS). The groups were matched based on age and sex. Anthropometric, biochemical and serological assessments were performed. Results. The amount of anti-ADV36-Ab increased whereas circulating concentrations of calcidiol decreased across BMI categories with higher amounts in normal weight than in overweight and obese children (31.0±16.4, 22.5±10.5 and 21.9±9.8 nmol/L, respectively, p=0.004). Logistic regression analysis revealed that for each unit increment of anti-ADV36-Ab, the chance of increase in weight was 8.5 times (OR: 8.5, p=0.029). Interestingly, when 25(OH)D was introduced into the model, anti-ADV36-Ab was no longer the predictor of weight increment and the chance of increase in weight reduced 5% for each unit increase in calcidiol concentration (OR: 0.95, p=0.012). Conclusion. It is suggested that ADV36-induced lipogenesis and weight gain may be mediated by vitamin D deficiency in obese children. Further studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in children with obesity: characteristics of clinical picture and diagnostics

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
I. S. Lembryk ◽  
O. V. Tymoshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Exocrine Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Pancreatic Lesion ◽  
Functional Changes

Introduction. During the last twenty-five years the occurrence of obesity in children and teenagers has increased significantly. Materials and methods. 110 adolescents of 12–17 years old, with alimentary-constitutional obesity and involvement of pancreas and without its injury, as compared to the 30 healthy children of control group, were examined. The research provided determination of the sizes and elasticity of pancreas. The detection of the total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins and leptin level was carried out. Intensity of clinical symptoms (spastic pain in epigastrium and left subcostal arc; abdominal pain without localization, vomit without relief, general weakness) have been made accordingly to sum of points (from 0 to 3 points). If sum of points makes from 0 to 2 – intensive character of abdominal pain is low, from 3 to 5 points – it is high, from 5 to 10 points – it is very high. Normal level of amylase in a blood serum (Karavey’s method) is 12–32 g/(hour l), аnd diastase in urine – 20–160 g/(hour l). We made a screening test for elastase-I level by ELISA test. Normal activity of this enzyme in feces is 200 мkg/g. We have used sonographic method for detection of pancreatic diseases in obese children due to echo-structure of parotid gland. The analysis and statistical data processing were made by computer program "Statistica 7.0" and MS Excel XP. Research data. Physical inspection of our patients confirms prevalence of І degree over II degree obesity (52.7 % and 47.3 %, respectively; Р < 0.05). We have confirmed valid risk factor of pancreatic lesion in obese children – presence of diabetes mellitus type I in close relatives (80 % and 65 %, χ2 = 2,05; Р < 0.05). The changes of exocrine function of the pancreas in children with the stage II obesity were established. Echographic signs of the pancreas lesion in teenagers with obesity indicate the presence of functional changes: edema of head or entire edema, partial increase of parenchymal echogenicity, insufficient enlargement of the duct of Wirsung.

scholarly journals Distinct systems serology features in children, elderly and COVID patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Selva ◽  
Carolien E. van de Sandt ◽  
Melissa M. Lemke ◽  
Christina Y. Lee ◽  
Suzanne K. Shoffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Fcγ Receptor ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Qualitative Changes

SARS-CoV-2, the pandemic coronavirus that causes COVID-19, has infected millions worldwide, causing unparalleled social and economic disruptions. COVID-19 results in higher pathogenicity and mortality in the elderly compared to children. Examining baseline SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive coronavirus immunological responses, induced by circulating human coronaviruses, is critical to understand such divergent clinical outcomes. The cross-reactivity of coronavirus antibody responses of healthy children (n=89), adults (n=98), elderly (n=57), and COVID-19 patients (n=19) were analysed by systems serology. While moderate levels of cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgM, and IgA were detected in healthy individuals, we identified serological signatures associated with SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific Fcγ receptor binding, which accurately distinguished COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals and suggested that SARS-CoV-2 induces qualitative changes to antibody Fc upon infection, enhancing Fcγ receptor engagement. Vastly different serological signatures were observed between healthy children and elderly, with markedly higher cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG observed in elderly, whereas children displayed elevated SARS-CoV-2 IgM, including receptor binding domain-specific IgM with higher avidity. These results suggest that less-experienced humoral immunity associated with higher IgM, as observed in children, may have the potential to induce more potent antibodies upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. These key insights will inform COVID-19 vaccination strategies, improved serological diagnostics and therapeutics.

Acetaldehyde Production by Strains Used as Probiotics in Fermented Milk

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA GONZALEZ ◽  
VILMA MORATA DE AMBROSINI ◽  
MARÍA MANCA DE NADRA ◽  
AÍDA PESCE DE RUIZ HOLGADO ◽  
G. OLIVER
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acetate Kinase ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Acetaldehyde Production ◽  
Different Sources

Lactic acid bacteria have diverse shunts for the metabolism of acetaldehyde, which is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. In Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, strains isolated from feces of healthy children, acetaldehyde can be formed from different sources. Phosphotransacetilase, acetate kinase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and 2-deoxiriboaldolase activities were found in both strains. α-Carboxilase and threonine aldolase activities only occurred in L. acidophilus. In contrast, phosphoketolase activity was present in L. casei, but absent in the other strain studied. The accumulation of acetaldehyde in the growth medium is possible because the enzymes specific activities to form it are higher than those able to convert it to ethanol.

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