The principle of greening in agricultural law

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yermolenko Volodymyr ◽  

The importance of greening of modern agricultural production in terms of increasing the use of toxic substances of chemical or biological origin, which requires the direction of modern agricultural production in the direction of greening of artificial and natural factors of production, giving these issues extreme relevance. The conceptual and categorical transformation of ecological aspects of agriculture is given, which alternately took the form of the principle of agrarian law first as the principle of greening of labor in agriculture, then – the principle of greening of agriculture, ecological orientation of entrepreneurship in agriculture, and later – greening of agriculture and finally, acquired the formulation of the principle of greening of agricultural legislation. Other variants of the author's positions are also presented, among which the greening of agrarian law or directly the principles of agrarian law, as well as the state agrarian policy are considered. Based on the general nature of the principles, the implementation of which requires implementation in the regulations of the legislation, the priority of formulating the principle of greening of agricultural legislation is substantiated. At the same time, there are examples of greening the content of status agrarian laws, as well as non-«greening» status laws, which indicates the incomplete implementation of this principle in agricultural legislation. An array of functional agrarian laws is analyzed for certain areas of activity, which in quantitative terms and in terms of coverage outweigh the greening of status laws. Keywords: principle, greening, agrarian law, greening of agricultural legislation

Author(s):  
Игорь Владимиров

The author notes that modern agricultural production has the character of specific entrepreneurial activity in special conditions, with a unique membership, whose activities are regulated by special legislation, which is structurally an institution of agrarian legislation. The author believes that the new agribusiness relations will be followed by the formation of a new specific legal institution of agrarian law - the institution of legal regulation of agrarian entrepreneurship with its own subject, principles, methods and content of statutory acts aimed to ensure the efficiency of commercial agricultural production under new and constantly changing conditions, as well as food and environmental security of the State.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalii Rusan

The article considers the current state of the institutional field of modern state agrarian policy, which consists of a number of legislative acts regulating: the area in which business activities of economic entities of the agrarian sector, features, mechanisms and measures of state support of the agrarian sector, measures to protect natural resources used in agriculture. The main problems that hinder the further development of the agrarian sector are highlighted: deformed structure of agricultural production in favor of export-oriented crop products, lack of program document on agrarian sector development, low efficiency of state support of the agrarian sector, lack of strategic vision and concrete actions to overcome the livestock crisis, access of agricultural producers to bank loans, inefficient use of the potential of Ukrainian lands, environmental problems of agricultural land use, insufficient development of agricultural market infrastructure. Currently, the agrarian sector makes a significant contribution to the country's GDP, the inflow of foreign currency from foreign trade operations provides the domestic market with a wide range of food products at a very acceptable level. However, the current model of functioning of the agrarian sector is inefficient. The lack of effective mechanisms to support small producers leads to a decrease in their competitiveness, reduced production of agricultural products and increasing demand for their imports, deteriorating food security, rising unemployment among the rural population and migration of labor to large cities and abroad. Due to the non-inclusive development of the agrarian sector, Ukraine is losing a significant share of the positive potential of favorable trends in world food markets. The main directions of further reforming of the agrarian sector of Ukraine and ensuring food security of the state, in particular: stimulating investment processes in the agrarian sector of Ukraine, introduction of modern technologies in agricultural production, development of agricultural market infrastructure, development of small agricultural production, development of agricultural cooperatives, rural development.


2020 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
А.И. Голубева ◽  
Ю.В. Шуматбаева ◽  
В.И. Дорохова ◽  
А.В. Коновалов ◽  
К.В. Павлов

Дана краткая характеристика двенадцати этапов реформирования аграрной сферы России за период с середины XVI века по настоящее время, отмечено, что всегда аграрные реформы проводились «сверху» без учёта мнения крестьян и в основном заключались в повышении изъятия их доходов без оказания существенной поддержки. Лишь реформы 1906 года (столыпинской) и периода 1965–1991 гг. были направлены на улучшение условий жизни работников сельского хозяйства: повышались цены на сельскохозяйственную продукцию, сельхозпредприятиям предоставлялась возможность получения льготного кредита, повышались доходы крестьян, укреплялась материально-техническая база сельхозорганизаций, обеспечивался рост производства сельскохозяйственной продукции. Аграрная реформа, начавшаяся с 1991 года, в связи с переходом к рыночным отношениям, основанным на свободе ценообразования, и самоустранением государства от выполнения функций управления сельским хозяйством, привела к резкому спаду производства сельхозпродукции, сокращению и субъектов аграрной сферы, и численности работников, неиспользованию большого количества сельскохозяйственных угодий по назначению. Данные проведённого нами анализа показателей социально-экономического развития сельских муниципальных районов Ярославской области свидетельствуют о деградации ресурсного потенциала и обезлюживанию большинства сельских территорий, что не способствует дальнейшему развитию аграрного сектора и росту объёмов производства сельскохозяйственной продукции в регионе, а уровень продовольственной независимости области по молоку и мясу на четверть меньше норматива. В последние годы отмечена положительная тенденция в модернизации животноводческих помещений крупными сельхозпредприятиями региона. Несмотря на это, авторы характеризуют сложившуюся ситуацию в регионе как негативную, требующую коренного изменения аграрной политики государства в части пространственного размещения производительных сил, поддержания доходности сельскохозяйственных предприятий и возобновления развития социальной сферы села. A brief description of the twelve stages of reform of the agrarian sphere of Russia for the period from the middle of the 16th century to the present is given, it is noted that always agrarian reforms were carried out "from above" without taking into account the opinion of peasants and mainly consisted in increasing the withdrawal of their income without providing significant support. Only the reforms of 1906 (Stolypin) and the period 1965–1991 were aimed at improving the living conditions of agricultural workers: prices for agricultural products were increased, agricultural enterprises were given the opportunity to receive a preferential loan, peasant incomes were increased, the material and technical base of agricultural organizations was strengthened, agricultural production was increased. The agrarian reform begun in 1991 due to the transition to market relations based on freedom of pricing and the self-removal of the state from performing the functions of agricultural management, led to a sharp decline in agricultural production, a reduction in both the subjects of the agrarian sphere and the number of workers, and the non-use of a large number of agricultural land by intended purpose. The data of our analysis of indicators of the socio-economic development of rural municipal areas of the Yaroslavl region indicate the degradation of resource potential and the depopulation of most rural territories, which does not contribute to the further development of the agricultural sector and the growth of agricultural production in the region, and the level of food independence of the region for milk and meat is a quarter less than the standard. In recent years, a positive trend has been noted in the modernization of livestock buildings by large agricultural enterprises in the region. Despite this, the authors characterize the current situation in the region as negative, requiring a radical change in the agrarian policy of the state in terms of spatial placement of productive forces, maintaining the profitability of agricultural enterprises and resuming the development of the social sphere of the village.


InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Alizamin Amirov

Agriculture differs from other sectors of the economy to a number of features. The peculiarity of this area stems from the fact that agricultural production depends heavily on a number of natural factors. Acceleration of erosion processes of land and Water Resources, non-proportional change in the rate of demand-supply to agriculture and food products, crisis, disparity in agriculture and etc. creates additional difficulties for the agrarian sector. All this requires the implementation of a flexible Agrarian Policy in modern times. In order to ensure sustainable and sustainable development of the agrarian sector, to create a reliable basis for the country's food security, as well as to keep up with the growing competition of national producers in the world markets, modern agrarian policy should create a solid base for the agrarian sector to be competitive in the global market.


2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Svetlov ◽  
Renata G. Yanbykh ◽  
Dariya A. Loginova

In this paper, we assess the effects of agricultural state support of corporate farms on their revenues from agricultural production sales in 14 Russian regions that differ in technology, environment and institutional conditions. In addition to the direct effect of the state support, the indirect effects via labor and capital are revealed. For this purpose, we identify production functions and statistical models of production factors for each of these regions separately. We find out diverse effects of the state support on revenues among the regions. Positive effects prevail. Negative effects are mainly caused by labor reductions that follow subsidy inflows. Another cause of negative effects is the soft budget constraints phenomenon.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Rizka Refliarny ◽  
Herawan Sauni ◽  
Hamdani Ma'akir

This study raises the issue of agrarian reform draft under the reign of President Joko Widodo. Agrarian reform became a priority program in the RPJMN of 2015-2019. Based on this matter, the writer analyzes the concept of agrarian reform during the reign of Joko Widodo terms of BAL. The nature of the study was a normative research with statute approach, which was done in four ways, namely descriptive, comparative, evaluative and argumentative. The results showed that the agrarian reform draft during the reign of Joko Widodo is a concept of land stewardship and land reform. The economic system leads to a form of capitalism. It is necessary to conduct refinement of content and material of BAL implementation in order to achieve the justice and the welfare of the nation and the State. The agrarian reform program should be carried out in stages in order to obtain the desired results. It requires the will, ability and active involvement of all elements of the state.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chobotko ◽  
L. Raychuk ◽  
I. McDonald

The aim of the article was to defi ne the role of the radioactive environment contamination in the formation of ecosystem services strategy. Methods. Monographic, systemic and structural, factor analysis, abstract and logical research methods have been used. The data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, materials of scientifi c researches, international materials and reports and other literary sources on the issues investigated have been used as an information base. Results. Retrospective analysis of sources and state of radioactive eco- systems contamination was conducted and the priority steps in developing the concept of ecosystem services in conditions of radiation contamination were found. Conclusions. The current socio-ecological paradigm of the transition from environmental use to environmental management should be refl ected in the relevant envi- ronmental management mechanisms. Currently, when assessing the state of ecosystem services in Ukraine and worldwide one must take into account the changes in food demand of residents of radioactively contaminated areas, the exploitation of radioactively safe ecosystems growth, their overload and degradation. All of this re- quires an inventory of ecosystem services by type, region, consumers, etc. and the formation of a state register of ecosystem services with a clear assignment of area of responsibility for appropriate natural ecosystems. This will help to make the economic evaluation of different ecosystem services and mechanisms of charges for ecosystem services.


Author(s):  
Detlef Pollack ◽  
Gergely Rosta

The chapter on Poland focuses on two questions. Why, in contrast to all other state-socialist countries, did the church’s capacity for integration actually increase rather than decrease despite persecution and discrimination during the communist period? And why has this capacity also remained more or less constant (albeit to a lesser extent) in the period since the end of communist rule? The authors have identified four key factors in the remarkable resistance of the Polish Catholic Church during the period of communist persecution: the fusion of religious and national values, the specific conflict dynamics of the church’s struggle with the state, the structural conservatism of agricultural production in Poland, and the actions of Pope John Paul II. Explanations for the surprising stability of religiosity in Poland after 1990 point to the behaviour of the Church itself, to the internal pluralization of Catholicism, and to the impact of a homogeneous religious culture.


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