scholarly journals The current scenario of Covid-19 in Chittagong Metropolitan area, Bangladesh: A survey Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Farhana Hoque ◽  
Moushume Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Breathing Problem

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has induced a sense of panic around the world as the disease is highly contagious and has been spreading in full swing. This study was aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 associated epidemiology and clinical outcomes in Bangladesh in order to understand the future course of COVID-19 pandemic and develop prevention approaches. A cross-sectional retrospective interview based study was conducted on RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in Chattagram Maa O Shishu General Hospital Chittagong, Bangladesh and who recovered four weeks prior to the interview date. Of the total 500 patients, 7% patient are asymptomatic where as for the symptoms associated with COVID-19 fever (85%) and cough (70%) were the most prominent among cases. Our study has revealed that among the age groups, the 40-70 showed the highest infection rate (74.7%) and in terms of gender, the prevalence of Covid-19 infection in males (65%) was 2 times more than that in females (35%). Diabetes was found about (40%) and Hypertension was found (42%), so diabetic and hypertesive patient are more affected. The most used drug is Enoxaparin sodium, Methylprednisolone Na Succinate, Montelucast, fexofenadinb, Doxycyclline, Doxofylline, zinc, vitamin-C, D and about 60% patient need oxygen supply. The most complication after recovery is weak -fatigue, cough & breathing problem.

scholarly journals Psychological impact in the time of COVID-19: A cross-sectional population survey study during confinement

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532098558
Author(s):  
Carmina Castellano-Tejedor ◽  
María Torres-Serrano ◽  
Andrés Cencerrado
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The transformation that COVID-19 has brought upon the world is unparalleled. The impact on mental health is equally unprecedented and yet unexplored in depth. An online-based survey was administered to 413 community-based adults during COVID-19 confinement to explore psychological impact and identify high risk profiles. Young females concerned about the future, expressing high COVID-related distress, already following psychological therapy and suffering from pre-existing chronic conditions, were those at highest risk of psychological impact due to the COVID-19 situation. Findings could be employed to design tailored psychological interventions in the early stages of the outbreak to avoid the onset/exacerbation of psychopathology.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Depresi pada Lansia Pensiunan di Kecamatan Jekan Raya Kota Palangka Raya

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Syam'ani Syam'ani
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
The World ◽  
Day By Day

The population of the population in the world is increasing day by day. One of the age groups that have a significant increase in the elderly group. Projections and data found about the elderly are a concern that is of interest to the whole world because along with the increase in population it is accompanied by physical and psychological problems that accompany it. This study aims to identify factors that affect depression in retired elderly people. The design used in this study uses a research design: "CROSS-SECTIONAL". In this study, the population is elderly retirees who live in the area of Jekan Raya Subdistrict, Palangka Raya City. The sampling technique in this study uses consecutive sampling technique, which is the best type of non-probability sampling, that is, all objects that come sequentially and meet the selection criteria are included in the study until the number of subjects needed is fulfilled, namely as many as 100 people. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between sex (p: 0.671), employment status (p: 0.994), marital status (p: 0.726), education (p: 0.988), and the level of depression in retired civil servants in Jekan Subdistrict Raya Kota Palangka Raya. This research is expected to contribute positively to the management of elderly people with depression so that they are able to adapt to changes that occur due to the aging process.

scholarly journals Reference values for oxygen saturation from sea level to the highest human habitation in the Andes in acclimatised persons

Thorax ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 776-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Rojas-Camayo ◽  
Christian Richard Mejia ◽  
David Callacondo ◽  
Jennifer A Dawson ◽  
Margarita Posso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Habitation

Oxygen saturation, measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2), is a vital clinical measure. Our descriptive, cross-sectional study describes SpO2 measurements from 6289 healthy subjects from age 1 to 80 years at 15 locations from sea level up to the highest permanent human habitation. Oxygen saturation measurements are illustrated as percentiles. As altitude increased, SpO2 decreased, especially at altitudes above 2500 m. The increase in altitude had a significant impact on SpO2 measurements for all age groups. Our data provide a reference range for expected SpO2 measurements in people from 1 to 80 years from sea level to the highest city in the world.

scholarly journals Methods of Diagnosis a Preferential Advantage in COVID-19: A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Neha Saini ◽  
Prem Pandey ◽  
Mandar Shirolkar ◽  
Atul Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Humanity is going through never seen before health crisis due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are 24.02 million cases and 0.82 million deaths worldwide as of 26th August 2020 due to deadly infection of COVID-19. The disease has been spreading exponentially (R-naught number: 3) and has challenged even the best healthcare infrastructure in the world. With the progression of the disease, the countries shifted the focus from cure to diagnosis and containment to flatten the curve. The review shows that the disease is spreading exponentially while the resources are still limited. We focus upon the probable vectors of the virus, different diagnostic methods with advantages & limitations, and the way forward. This review article covers the different diagnostic methods with more advantages, limitations, and the future sneak-peek into the forthcoming developments for the diagnostic processes such as RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase chain reaction).

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Trends of Skin Cancers in Guilan Province, Iran During 2010-2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Abbas Darjani ◽  
◽  
Narges Alizadeh ◽  
Kaveh Gharaei Nejad ◽  
Hojat Eftekhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Guilan Province

Background: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world. Pattern of skin cancer is different in various geographical regions, depending on the genetic and environmental factors. Objective: This study aims to investigate the incidence rate of skin cancer and its trends in Guilan province of Iran during 2010-2014. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the five-year data related to all cases of skin cancer recorded for Guilan Province during 2010-2014 were used. The age-sex incidence of skin cancer was standardized using the standard population of the World Health Organization. The age-standardized incidence rate of skin cancers including Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Melanoma was calculated, and then its trends were evaluated. Results: A total of 1664 cases with skin cancer, 1014 men and 650 women, were reported in the province from 2010 to 2014. Incidence of skin cancer was higher in men. BCC was the most common skin cancer. The most common site for BCC was face and scalp, and for SCC it was the lip. Melanoma was mostly occurred on acral regions. The incidence of skin cancer had a rising trend and had raised in all age groups. Conclusion: There is an increasing trend of skin cancers in Guilan Province. Therefore, planning for detection, prevention and control of its risk factors is necessary.

scholarly journals Tips for a reduction of false positives in manual RT-PCR diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1948-1954
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Alvarez ◽  
Mariela Perez-Cardenas ◽  
Marco Gudiño ◽  
Markus P. Tellkamp
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Manual Operation ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
The World ◽  
Pcr Diagnostics ◽  
Positive Results

RT-PCR is the standard gold technique for testing the presence of RNA of the coronavirus causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) due to its high specificity and sensitivity. Despite its general use and reliability, no lab in the world is immune to the generation of false positives. These errors cause a loss of confidence in the technique's power and damage the image of laboratories. More importantly, they can take a toll on tested individuals and have economic, psychological, and health-associated effects. Most false positives are caused during a manual operation inside the laboratory. However, not much has been published about the errors associated with particular laboratory techniques used to detect the virus since the beginning of the actual pandemic. This work precisely reflects on events that occur during manual RT-PCR diagnostics in a COVID-19 laboratory, providing tips for reducing false-positive results.

scholarly journals Thermal Effect On The Persistence Of SARS-CoV2 Egyptian Isolates As Measured By Quantitative RT-PCR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Seadawy ◽  
A.F. Gad ◽  
M.F. Elhoseny ◽  
B. ELharty ◽  
M.S. EL Desoky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractCoronavirus pandemic that caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in China in 2019 then spread all over the world .COVID-19 firstly appeared in Egypt in Feb 2020. Studies on the thermal stability of the virus is crucial proper specimens’ transportation for molecular study. Oropharyngeal swabs were taken from recently infected military people with COVID-19 from Egypt during April 2020. Samples were aliquoted and the thermal stability of the virus was measured using quantitative real Time RT-PCR for samples treated at different temperature ranges from 20 °C to 70 °C for 2,4and 6 hours. Results shown that inactivation of the virus and significant reduction in the ΔCq values begin at 40 °C/4h. Complete virus inactivation and loss of ΔCq values were seen at 50 °C/6h and 60 °C. Tested samples showed no significant difference in thermal stability at any temp/time combinations tested.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Infant with Negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and Antibodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Hanna Sahhar ◽  
Karly Derwitz ◽  
Erica Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Since the declaration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), there has been an emergence of a new syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. MIS-C is defined by the presence of fever, systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 exposure. Knowledge of this syndrome’s presentation and pathophysiology is constantly evolving as more cases are reported in the literature. This case identifies a 3-month-old patient who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibodies but qualified for MIS-C diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge and through extensive research at the time of diagnosing and reporting this condition to the healthcare authorities, we report the youngest pediatric patient with MIS-C diagnosis. We document this case to contribute to further understanding the variable manifestations of MIS-C and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

scholarly journals Predicting Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Diagnostic Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2663-2666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Bullard ◽  
Kerry Dust ◽  
Duane Funk ◽  
James E Strong ◽  
David Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Vero Cell ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Viral Culture

Abstract Background Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has become the primary method to diagnose viral diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). RT-PCR detects RNA, not infectious virus; thus, its ability to determine duration of infectivity of patients is limited. Infectivity is a critical determinant in informing public health guidelines/interventions. Our goal was to determine the relationship between E gene SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values from respiratory samples, symptom onset to test (STT), and infectivity in cell culture. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we took SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR–confirmed positive samples and determined their ability to infect Vero cell lines. Results Ninety RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2–positive samples were incubated on Vero cells. Twenty-six samples (28.9%) demonstrated viral growth. Median tissue culture infectious dose/mL was 1780 (interquartile range, 282–8511). There was no growth in samples with a Ct > 24 or STT > 8 days. Multivariate logistic regression using positive viral culture as a binary predictor variable, STT, and Ct demonstrated an odds ratio (OR) for positive viral culture of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], .49–.84; P < .001) for every 1-unit increase in Ct. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for Ct vs positive culture was OR, 0.91 (95% CI, .85–.97; P < .001), with 97% specificity obtained at a Ct of > 24. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 Vero cell infectivity was only observed for RT-PCR Ct < 24 and STT < 8 days. Infectivity of patients with Ct > 24 and duration of symptoms > 8 days may be low. This information can inform public health policy and guide clinical, infection control, and occupational health decisions. Further studies of larger size are needed.

scholarly journals Contextualizing adverse event following immunization data of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in VigiAccess: An approach for reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Yamoah ◽  
Kofi Boamah Mensah ◽  
Thelma Alalbila Mpoku ◽  
Neelaveni Padayachee ◽  
Frasia Oosthuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Event Following Immunization ◽  
The World

Abstract IntroductionVaccination features high among the public health interventions that have contributed significantly to global health. Following the March 2020 declaration by the World Health Organization that coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, several vaccines have been developed and administered to curb the spread of COVID-19. One of the threats to attaining adequate vaccination uptake for these relatively new vaccines are concerns people have about the adverse event following immunization (AEFI) information. This study sought to assess AEFIs reported on COVID-19 vaccines approved for use so far in VigiAccess and to make a case for why AEFIs data in the database must be interpreted with caution.MethodsThe study followed a cross-sectional quantitative study design. VigiAccess was searched on November 10, 2021 for AEFIs reported so far for all the 12 approved COVID-19 vaccines. Data were captured among age groups, sex and continents of the world. Descriptive data were summarized using tables. Frequencies and percentages were used to categorize descriptive variables. No ethical approval was obtained before the commencement of the study as this was essentially a secondary data analysis of AEFI reports which cannot be linked to any individual. Consequently, there was no need for the informed consent process.ResultsOverall, 2,457,386 AEFIs had been reported in VigiAccess. AEFIs were found to be highest among the 18-44 age group (39.7%) and lowest in vaccine recipients below 12 years (0.1%). AEFIs were more common in females than male vaccine recipients with over two-thirds of the vaccine recipients being females. Among the continents of the world, AEFI reports were highest for Europe (50%) and lowest for Africa (3%). The top 10 commonly reported AEFI types were as follows: general disorders and vaccine administrative site conditions (1,481,549, 60.1%), nervous system disorders (1,046,928, 42.6%), musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (704,657, 28.6%), gastrointestinal disorders (495,997, 20.2%), investigations with undesirable outcomes (341,677, 13.9%), skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (335,932, 13.6%), respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders (262,158, 10.6%), infections and infestations (180,873, 7.3%), vascular disorders (132,533, 5.3%) and injury, poisoning and procedural complications (122,519, 5%).ConclusionThe study showed that over 2 million COVID-19 AEFIs were spontaneously reported in VigiAccess, however, no causal relationships could be established between the vaccines and the AEFIs. The public accessing VigiAccess data should be made aware of this lack of association so that they may make well informed health decisions.

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