scholarly journals TERRITORIAL CLUSTER IN URBAN PLANNING OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Y. I. Tarasova ◽  
A. V. Kinsht
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The City

The modern stage of world technological development is characterized by high rates of qualitative and quantitative growth in all branches of production activity. This becomes possible with the introduction of innovations not only directly in the production, but also in all spheres of life, including a search for and solution of new approaches to spatial organization and planning of the territory development. There are special territorial clusters, the organizational structure of which allows to implement the required conditions and rates of development. They are characterized not only by a set of elements for the industrial development, such as the production, science, education and infrastructure, but also close relationships and innovation. This is the only way to ensure the functioning of territorial education and modern industrial development. The uniqueness of each cluster element is determined by the industrial requirements. Nevertheless, their location in the city depends on the urban zoning, facilities and prospective areas. Depending on the spatial organization of the cluster elements, they can be monolithic and dispersed and locate both inside the city and at periphery. In any case, these four types of clusters and their development determine the urban planning. The cluster types reveal not only functional, but also territorial structure. It is this aspect that makes it possible to comprehensively and fully characterize the new territorial formation in the field of urban planning.Purpose: The aim of the paper is to show the specificity of the new territorial formation and identify its planning types that have an impact on urban planning in Russia.Methodology: Analysis of the literature containing information about the cluster (scientific papers, research results, analytical data and reports, regulatory sources, including design guidance).Research findings: Four planning types of the territorial cluster are identified. The planning types of clusters covering all possible options in territorial planning are defined, regardless of their specialization and size.

scholarly journals Urban planning approaches to the development of social infrastructure, considering the behavioral preferences of the population (Moscow, Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 04036
Author(s):  
Yulia Strashnova ◽  
Lyudmila Strashnova ◽  
Irina Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Behavioral Preferences ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
The City

Sociological studies in urban planning are increasingly being used in planning the placement of facilities across the city, including facilities in the service sector. When conducting a sociological study, the following methods were used: population survey (using online questionnaire), field survey (collection of information about the territory, population, its movements with cultural and domestic purposes, prevailing development, condition of facilities), analysis and generalization of survey results, comparison with data of the official statistics. The results of the study are: the main areas for the development of the social infrastructure of the city and a model of integrated functional and spatial organization of facilities developed taking into account modern behavioral preferences of various socio-demographic groups of the population. On the territory of the city of Moscow (in residential quarters, groups of residential quarters, groups of districts, administrative districts), a new type of facilities is proposed for placement - a multifunctional public complex (MPC) of socio-cultural purpose. The proposed functional composition of MPCs is formed taking into account a survey of the main consumers of services - socio-demographic groups of the population and their behavioral preferences. The main peculiarity of MPCs is the combination of cultural, sports, and additional education facilities that are currently insufficiently present in the urban environment.

scholarly journals Smart Techniques in Urban Planning: An Insight to Ruled-Based Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Carlo Pisano ◽  
Giuseppe De Luca ◽  
Ahmadreza Shirvani Dastgerdi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Design Techniques

In the last decades, the ideology of managing the city form and performance through pre-determined plans has gradually lost its validity. Some contemporary urban planning theories suggest the application of smart design techniques for managing urban complexity. However, the proposed approach has partially been experienced in practice, and more research on how to integrate them into urban planning is needed. This study aims to present an insight into the rule-based design as a smart design technique for a shift from pre-determined urban plans to design rules. The methodology is based on a comparative analysis between the experiments of some cases in the north of Europe. Research findings highlight that the capacity to deliver variety with harmony, the distinction between the roles of code writer and building designer, the potential to support the implementation process and to prescribe specific qualities, both for the spatial and organizational purposes, are significant factors for the integration of smart design techniques to urban planning.

URBAN PLANNING ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
В. А. Ильичев ◽  
В. И. Колчунов ◽  
Н. В. Бакаева
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Internal Arrangement ◽  
The City

Постановка задачи. Новые вызовы современности и динамика общественно-политических и социально-экономических факторов развития России существенным образом влияют на методологию градостроительства. Ухудшающаяся во многих городах экологическая обстановка побуждает по-новому подойти к ее осмыслению и ставит задачу разработки новых принципов жизнедеятельности города, регламентирующих биосферную совместимость городов и развитие человеческого потенциала. Требуется создание программ реновации городской среды и действенных механизмов их реализации на основе новой парадигмы биосферосовместимых технологий. Результаты. В статье рассмотрен принципиально новый подход - градоустройство, под которым следует понимать систему фундаментальных положений о жизнеустройстве на территориях городов и поселений, а также принципы их пространственного развития и расселения. В практическом плане градоустройство - это деятельность по внутреннему обустройству среды жизнедеятельности города, созданию благоприятных условий для жизни всех без исключения категорий и слоев населения. Принципиальные отличия концепции градоустройства от градостроительства связаны с необходимостью осознания единства города и природы, симбиотического «встраивания» города в биосферу. Центральными элементами концепции градоустройства является человек, условия для его развития в городской среде. Выводы. Практика градоустройства позволяет решать проблемы инновационного развития экономики городов и повышения человеческого потенциала, а в долгосрочной перспективе - преобразования городов в биосферосовместимые и развивающие человека в безальтернативных условиях для выживания человечества, ставящих в приоритет развитие интеллектуального сообщества. Statement of the problem. New current challenges and the dynamics of socio-political and socio-economic factors in the development of Russia significantly affect the methodology of urban planning. The deteriorating environmental situation in a lot of cities encourages the design of a new approach to understanding and developing new principles of city life that regulate the biosphere compatibility of cities and development of human capital as the main criteria for the effectiveness of territorial planning, construction and operation of urban facilities. Results. The article deals with a fundamentally new approach-urban planning which should be understood as a system of fundamental provisions on life in the territories of cities and settlements and principles of their spatial development and settlement. Practically speaking, urban planning is an activity for the internal arrangement of the city's living environment, creating favorable conditions for the life of all categories and strata of the population without exception. The fundamental differences between the concept of urban development and urban planning are related to the need to understand the unity of the city and nature, the symbiotic “embedding” of the city in the biosphere. The central element of the concept of urban development is the person, the conditions for its development in the urban environment. Conclusions. As part of the research, the practice of urban planning allows one to solve the problems of innovative development of the urban economy and increasing human potential, and in the long term - transforming cities into biosphere-compatible and developing people as an alternative condition for the survival of humanity and a priority for its development as an intellectual community.

scholarly journals Human – river relations at various stages of development of water front factory settlements in Łódź

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Szkurłat
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Textile Manufacture ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Front

Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze and clarify the circumstances which led to the current condition and degradation of the watercourses and rivers of Łódź. These rivers were the decisive factor in initiating and stimulating the industrial development of the city. A detailed analysis examined changes in the management of river waters in the vicinity of the socalled water-front factory settlements (referred to locally as “posiadła”) in the River Jasień valley. This was the location of one of the first industrial settlements within the city of Łódź and took place shortly after the city was included by the Polish Kingdom authorities (in 1821) in the group of so-called factory cities intended for the development of the textile industry - initially with emphasis on the cloth and linen making industry, with further transformation into the cotton industry. The article presents the forms and methods of use of the River Jasień in the period from the beginning of the 19th century up to the present. The specification assumed therefore the period of agricultural usage in the form of water mills, through textile manufacture, industrial production and the period after the fall of the textile industry. The River Jasień is an outstanding example of the way, in which people have “treated” the river during the successive stages of technological development of textile production. How close to the river they settled at the early stages of industrial development, slowly “moving away” from the river, leading to its gradual degradation, and abandoning it, restraining it to a covered channel, to ultimately forgetting it ever existed. The changes in these man - river relationships, as described in this document, can lead to conclusions for the future direction for the current spatial policy of the city. Also about these riverside post-industrial areas, with regard to the need to restore their original values and the need to protect and conserve their unique natural character and cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Geoinformation analysis of agglomeration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters: architectural and functional planning aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Alexander Panin ◽  
Vitaliy Eshrokov ◽  
Rakim Makhmudov ◽  
Natalya Verozub
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
General Context ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Main Function ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Territorial Planning

The article presents the results of research on the formation and development of the functional and planning structure of the urban agglomeration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, as an integral part of the settlement system of the Stavropol territory and the North Caucasus Federal district. Theoretically, the authors rely on the concept of a single settlement system and a reference frame as a combination of nodal and linear elements that Express the main features of the territorial organization of the region. The paper uses various sources of quantitative and qualitative information on the Stavropol territory as a whole, the region of Caucasian Mineral Waters and individual municipalities: results of sociological surveys of the population, census data, information about the current socio-economic and demographic situation of the territory, materials of state and departmental statistics, documents of territorial planning and urban planning, own observations and results of “field” studies of the territory. Based on these data, a General characteristic of the CMS agglomeration is given, the spatial organization of settlement is analyzed, and current trends in its development are determined. One of the results of the study is a geographic information model of the agglomeration, which sets its boundaries and composition, calculates the coefficient of development, and makes a demographic forecast for the agglomeration as a whole and for individual municipalities. The model of spatial organization of the territory was based on the planning framework of the region, including social, economic, environmental, and transport frameworks. The territory of the agglomeration, despite its high level of formation, differs in significant contrasts, which makes it possible to distinguish different zones within it by the level of urban development and the role in the agglomeration. Using the methods of geoinformation mapping, maps of the agglomeration boundaries and transport accessibility of its cores were created, as well as a perspective structural and planning model of the CMS region. The authors come to the conclusion that the design decisions for the development of territories within the CMS agglomeration, given in the documents of territorial planning and urban planning of municipalities, should be based on the main function of the region — ecological and resort, which gives it the status of a region of Federal significance. Therefore, the measures set out in the territorial planning documents of each municipality must be interconnected (both in terms of hierarchical subordination and in the General context of agglomeration development of the territory) for the sustainable development of municipalities and the entire agglomeration, the preservation of the environment and cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of functional zoning effectiveness and calculation of recreational load of Presnensky City Park in Moscow

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
N. G. Ovchinnikova ◽  
A. M. Latsushba
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

The increase in the degree of urban settlements’ urbanization, the increase in the territories of industrial and residential zones, the increase in the level of motorization play a major role in changes in the ecology of the city, the destruction of the existing natural framework and the increase in the recreational load on the urban landscape. The natural framework has entered urban planning practice as one of the main prerequisites in the process of modernizing the principles of territorial planning, focused on saving resources while solving problems related to the protection of natural areas. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the city park "Presnensky" to assess the effectiveness of the existing functional zoning, as well as calculated indicators of the load on the recreational potential of the territory.

scholarly journals URBANIZATION PROCESSES IN THE AGE OF ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF SURGUT)

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
E. S. Krasovitova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The North ◽  
Planning Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the problems of construction in the city of Surgut in the age of industrial development of the North in the middle of 1960 - 1980. The key mistakes made by developers during construction were considered. In the 1960-1970s. the main event in Siberia was the formation of the West Siberian oil and gas complex, which most significantly in the history of the twentieth century has changed the importance of the region, both in the country's economic complex and in the global economy. The multi-departmental nature of city planning, the lack of proper supervision of urban planning, the lack of a construction industry base, the irresponsibility of ministries and departments, local organizations, urban planning organizations, the absence of an approved master plan of the city and its single customer, as well as the absence of standard projects that take into account urban planning in the north. All this led to irrational costs, low level of discredit of the elementary foundations of urban development. The analysis was made on the basis of documents, protocols, certificates of the Council of Ministers, national control, etc.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INFLUENCE OF INTANGIBLE FACTORS ON THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
М. Kosmii
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article identifies the main intangible factors that are inherent in the process of transformation of the spatial structure of settlements. On the example of selected objects of the Carpathian region, the basic approaches to the transformation of existing spatial systems, their potential and prospects are demonstrated and defined. Intangible factors are defined as a set of norms, principles and rules of organization of space, which were formed historically in accordance with the needs of man, society, and focus on meeting intangible needs. Their influence on the spatial structure is realized in the form of legislative and regulatory requirements, political-administrative relations and property relations, as well as mental-ethical, historical-cultural, religious-spiritual and aesthetic factors. In this case, if the material is studied both at the theoretical and practical level, the impact of the intangible requires increased attention from theorists and practitioners of architectural and urban planning. Instead, transformation is a process of qualitative change in the space of the city, which is the result of a combination of tangible and intangible factors, and if there is a clear model of development, it can be directed towards achieving harmony. A detailed study of the impact of intangibles on the spatial organization of architectural and urban planning objects was carried out on the example of rural areas of the region, where there are spiritual and pilgrimage centers and historical and cultural centers. To substantiate the presented conclusions, an architectural and urban inventory of objects was carried out; structural surveys were conducted to identify the analyzed interactions; surveys of residents and visitors; project materials, etc. were found. It is substantiated that in some settlements (villages), in the presence of a high intangible component, there is a higher potential for development of the territory and, accordingly, opportunities for the transformation of their architectural space. Proximity to cities is a determining element in determining the level of readiness of selected objects for the transformation of their spatial structures. The key intangible factors of their development are aesthetic and religious-spiritual factors, which in turn contribute to the development of the material and are system-forming in determining the prospects for the development of spatial structures. The only obstacles that exist in the process of transformation of the spatial structure of these objects are political-administrative, legislative and regulatory factors and the lack of proper infrastructure. The lack of clear legal norms and political will makes it impossible to develop these territories, transfers them to the periphery of tourist routes. It is established that the intangible is a determining factor in the organization of a comfortable space for a person. Intangible components, such as spiritual centers (symbols, chapels) can be an element of landscape design and harmoniously complement aesthetic conditions. In rural areas, since the establishment of OTG, objective conditions have been created for the renovation of existing spatial zones and the formation of open public, cultural or educational space, which will be not only an element of branding, but also a source of investment. Keywords: intangible factors, spatial structure, transformation potential, settlements, Carpathian region.

scholarly journals Features of the integrated development of the territory of the settlement

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Kristina Merkuryeva ◽  
Alexander Kryakhtunov
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Comprehensive Manner ◽  
The City

Since the city is a historically developed complex system, the development of its territory in the existing buildings requires a detailed study and consideration of all the features of the territories within the boundaries of the element of the planning structure (quarter, microdistrict) or its parts. Urban planning activity in the city is carried out in accordance with the developed and approved urban planning documentation. In the process of exercising the authority by the municipality in the field of urban development, when changing strategic directions, setting new tasks, and changing the economic situation, it becomes necessary to amend the urban planning documentation. The presence of a set of documents of territorial planning and urban planning zoning allows to increase the investment attractiveness of the city territory, ensures transparency of adopted urban planning decisions, on the basis of which, any interested person can choose the direction of development of a particular territory. Therefore, the development of the urban environment should be carried out in a comprehensive manner, taking into account all areas of development and features of the territory and take into account the changes arising in the process of urban planning, including in urban planning documentation.

scholarly journals SPECIFICITY OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE PETROGRAD SIDE OF ST. PETERSBURG

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Maria A. GRANSTREM ◽  
Milena V. ZOLOTAREVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Active Reconstruction ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
The City

The preservation of the historical, urban planning and architectural heritage of the central territories of St. Petersburg requires a special approach to solving the problems of reconstruction and renovation of the historical urban environment. The modern period, characterized by active reconstruction of the historical center, puts forward new requirements for the preservation of cultural heritage sites. The att itude to history as an experience, on which modern practice should be based, presupposes the disclosure of historical architectural and urban planning processes on the basis of systematization of existing and fi lling in missing information. This allows us to analyze the spatial and temporal transformations that the city underwent in the course of its development. Revealing the internal laws of the genesis of these processes is of great importance. The article analyzes the state of urban landscapes within the boundaries of the historical territories of the Petrogradsky district of St. Petersburg.

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