scholarly journals RURAL CREDIT AND THE LIVESTOCK PROCESS IN THE MICROREGION OF VILHENA, RONDÔNIA, WESTERN AMAZON

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Fabio Robson Casara Cavalcante ◽  
Carlos Alberto Paraguassú-Chaves ◽  
Raimunda Lirineide de Brito ◽  
Carla Dolezel Trindade ◽  
Simão Aznar Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Rural Producers ◽  
Statistical Yearbook

The study has as general objective to analyze the scenario of the municipalities in the microregion of Vilhena, State of Rondônia, based on the federal government's rural credit policy, in order to identify the possible livestock processes that would be carried out in this microregion. It is an applied, descriptive, cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach, since the objectives generate knowledge for practical application, which includes the number of contracts and the volume of financial resources for agriculture and livestock in the municipalities of Chupinguaia, Parecis, Pimenta Bueno, Primavera de Rondônia, São Felipe D'Oeste and Vilhena of the micro-region of Vilhena, Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon, in the period corresponding to the years 2000 and 2010. Data collection was carried out through reports from the rural credit statistical yearbook of the Central Banco do Brasil for the years 2000 and 2010. Based on the results found by the research, it was evidenced that in the municipalities of the microregion of Vilhena there was a process of cattle ranching, through the incentive of the rural credit policy granted to family rural producers, where it was observed that among the six municipalities that comprise In the micro-region of Vilhena, all of them presented a strong stimulus to the livestock sector, demonstrating a reversal of agricultural activity for livestock in this micro-region.

scholarly journals Should we care about Plasmodium vivax and HIV co-infection? A systematic review and a cases series from the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola López Del-Tejo ◽  
Nadia Cubas-Vega ◽  
Cecilia Caraballo-Guerra ◽  
Bernardo Maia da Silva ◽  
Jefferson da Silva Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Malaria and HIV are two important public health issues. However, evidence on HIV-Plasmodium vivax co-infection (HIV/PvCo) is scarce, with most of the available information related to Plasmodium falciparum on the African continent. It is unclear whether HIV can change the clinical course of vivax malaria and increase the risk of complications. In this study, a systematic review of HIV/PvCo studies was performed, and recent cases from the Brazilian Amazon were included. Methods Medical records from a tertiary care centre in the Western Brazilian Amazon (2009–2018) were reviewed to identify HIV/PvCo hospitalized patients. Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes are reported. Also, a systematic review of published studies on HIV/PvCo was conducted. Metadata, number of HIV/PvCo cases, demographic, clinical, and outcome data were extracted. Results A total of 1,048 vivax malaria patients were hospitalized in the 10-year period; 21 (2.0%) were HIV/PvCo cases, of which 9 (42.9%) had AIDS-defining illnesses. This was the first malaria episode in 11 (52.4%) patients. Seven (33.3%) patients were unaware of their HIV status and were diagnosed on hospitalization. Severe malaria was diagnosed in 5 (23.8%) patients. One patient died. The systematic review search provided 17 articles (12 cross-sectional or longitudinal studies and 5 case report studies). A higher prevalence of studies involved cases in African and Asian countries (35.3 and 29.4%, respectively), and the prevalence of reported co-infections ranged from 0.1 to 60%. Conclusion Reports of HIV/PvCo are scarce in the literature, with only a few studies describing clinical and laboratory outcomes. Systematic screening for both co-infections is not routinely performed, and therefore the real prevalence of HIV/PvCo is unknown. This study showed a low prevalence of HIV/PvCo despite the high prevalence of malaria and HIV locally. Even though relatively small, this is the largest case series to describe HIV/PvCo.

scholarly journals Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Pamela Carolina Köster ◽  
Antonio F. Malheiros ◽  
Jeffrey J. Shaw ◽  
Sooria Balasegaram ◽  
Alexander Prendergast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Little information is available on the occurrence and genetic variability of the diarrhoea-causing enteric protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis in indigenous communities in Brazil. This cross-sectional epidemiological survey describes the frequency, genotypes, and risk associations for this pathogen in Tapirapé people (Brazilian Amazon) at four sampling campaigns during 2008–2009. Microscopy was used as a screening test, and molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) assays targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the glutamate dehydrogenase, the beta-giardin, and the triosephosphate isomerase genes as confirmatory/genotyping methods. Associations between G. duodenalis and sociodemographic and clinical variables were investigated using Chi-squared test and univariable/multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, 574 individuals belonging to six tribes participated in the study, with G. duodenalis prevalence rates varying from 13.5–21.7%. The infection was positively linked to younger age and tribe. Infected children <15 years old reported more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms compared to adults. Assemblage B accounted for three out of four G. duodenalis infections and showed a high genetic diversity. No association between assemblage and age or occurrence of diarrhoea was demonstrated. These data indicate that the most likely source of infection was anthropic and that different pathways (e.g., drinking water) may be involved in the transmission of the parasite.

Research Progress in Enhancement Technology of Phytoremediation

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Yi Yun Liu ◽  
Shuang Cui ◽  
Qing Han ◽  
Qian Ru Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Article Analysis

Due to the influence of human, industrial and agricultural activity, a large amount of toxic and harmful heavy metal enter into the soil environment. Heavy metal can easily bio-accumulate through food chain, which cause serious damage to human health. Phytoremediation emerges as a new technology in exploration of effective methods for remediation and rebuild of heavy metal contaminated soils. Although phytoremediation shows great potential in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, there still exists many problems in practical application. This article analysis the problems existing in phytoremediation, summarizes the research progress of the technology in application from all the perspective of phytoremediation processes.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽  
Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola ◽  
Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá ◽  
Yan Corrêa Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region

AbstractThe Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and demographic study, analyzing data on confirmed cases for COVID-19 available at the Brazilian Ministry of Health's surveillance platform, was conducted. Variables such as, municipalities of residence, age, gender, signs and symptoms, comorbidities were included and associated with COVID-19 cases and outcomes. The spatial distribution was performed using the ArcGIS program. A total of 100,819 cases were evaluated. Overall, patients had the mean age of 42.3 years, were female (51.2%) and with lethality reaching 4.79% of cases. Main symptoms included fever (66.5%), cough (61.9%) and sore throat (39.8%). Regarding comorbidities, most of the patients presented cardiovascular disease (5.1%) and diabetes (4.2%). Neurological disease increased risk of death by nearly 15 times, followed by obesity (5.16 times) and immunodeficiency (5.09 time). The municipalities with the highest incidence rate were Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás and Jacareacanga. Similarity between the Lower Amazon, Marajó and Southwest mesoregions of Pará state were observed concerning the highest morbidity rates. The obtained data demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred among young adults, females, with the classic influenza symptoms and chronic diseases. Finally, data suggest that the highest incidences were no longer in the metropolitan region of the state. The higher lethality rate than in Brazil may be associated with the greater impacts of the disease in this Amazonian population, or factors associated with fragile epidemiological surveillance in the notification of cases of cure.

scholarly journals Visual acuity in fish consumers of the Brazilian Amazon: risks and benefits from local diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2236-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Fillion ◽  
Mélanie Lemire ◽  
Aline Philibert ◽  
Benoît Frenette ◽  
Hope Alberta Weiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Distant Visual Acuity ◽  
Near Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Acuity Loss

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations between near and distant visual acuity and biomarkers of Hg, Pb, n-3 fatty acids and Se from the local diet of fish-eating communities of the Tapajós River in the Brazilian Amazon.DesignVisuo-ocular health and biomarkers of Hg (hair, whole blood, plasma), Pb (whole blood), Se (whole blood and plasma) and n-3 fatty acids (plasma total phospholipids) were assessed in a cross-sectional study.SettingLower Tapajós River Basin (State of Pará, Brazil), May to July 2006.SubjectsTwo hundred and forty-three adults (≥15 years) without diagnosed age-related cataracts or ocular pathologies.ResultsNear visual acuity was negatively associated with hair Hg and positively associated with %DHA, with a highly significant Log Hg × age interaction term. Stratifying for age showed that while young people presented good acuity, for those aged ≥40 years, clinical presbyopia was associated with hair Hg ≥ 15 μg/g (OR = 3·93, 95 % CI 1·25, 14·18) and %DHA (OR = 0·37, 95 % CI 0·11, 1·11). A similar age-related pattern was observed for distant visual acuity in relation to blood Pb, but the evidence was weaker.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Hg and Pb may affect visual acuity in older persons, while DHA appears to be protective for near visual acuity loss. In this population, with little access to eye care, diet may have an important influence on visuo-ocular ageing.

Cooperative Сrediting: Prospects of F.V. Raiffeisen Approaches Application in Ukrainian Agricultural Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Andrii Panteleimonenko ◽  
◽  
Vladyslav Honcharenko ◽  
Svitlana Kasyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Credit Cooperatives ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Rural Producers ◽  
The 19Th Century

It is emphasized that at the beginning of the XXI century application of cooperative lending experience of F.W. Raiffeisen cooperatives model in Ukrainian practice allowed credit unions to abandon collateral as the main form of credit security. For many small agricultural producers, especially farmers, signing of a group agreement on joint and several liability (formation of the so-called loan circle) was almost the only opportunity to obtain loans. The main reason for stopping this practice is indicated. It was caused by the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis, the first appearances of which have been felt in Ukrainian economy since 2008. It is discovered that the content of publications presented in scientific professional journals of Ukraine only to some extent reveals the essence of F.W. Raiffeisen approaches on lending to small rural producers. The need for in-depth study of such experiences is emphasized. It is proposed to establish rural credit societies in Ukraine, which are based on the experience of F.W. Raiffeisen credit cooperatives. The important role of state and local governments in the financial support of this process is emphasized. The external financing mechanism for such cooperatives, especially at the initial stage of their activity, with the use of F.W. Raiffeisen loan circles practice is described. Establishing rural credit societies to finance peasants and farmers are indicated as promising. A model of a rural credit society is proposed. It was successfully functioning in Germany, as well as on the territory of other European countries, including Ukrainian provinces, starting from the end of the 19th century. And provided that appropriate changes are made to current Ukrainian legislation, these rural credit societies can become a source of affordable loans for the development of farming. The expediency of detailing the proposed model of a credit cooperative is indicated, taking into account all the principles typical for cooperatives of F.W. Raiffeisen model.

scholarly journals Family farming and school meals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Camboim Rockett ◽  
Rafaela da Silveira Corrêa ◽  
Gabriela Cheuiche Pires ◽  
Letiane de Souza Machado ◽  
Fernanda Sonntag Hoerlle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Main Components ◽  
South Brazil

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, at least 30% of the total financial resources provided by the federal government for school feeding should be used to buy products from family farming. The present study examines the profile of the purchase of these products in municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), south Brazil, in 2014. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with information obtained through a questionnaire sent to the municipalities and filled by respondents. Of the 371 participating municipalities, 367 acquired products from family farming, and 86.8% of these municipalities achieved the minimum percentage required. Nutritionists and farmers were the main components involved in the articulation of this process. Difficulties faced by these individuals included the lack of organization of the producers, failure to meet the demand, and lack of interest. More than 80% of the municipalities bought food from the “Vegetables”, “Cereals, Breads, Pasta, and Tubers” and “Fruits” groups. Only 8% purchased products from socio-biodiversity. There was a great diversity of food purchased, most of which were in natura, despite the low acquisition of socio-biodiversity products. Results of this study indicated the concern and tendency of the Brazilian municipalities to support the local economy with incentives to consumption and production of regional foods.

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