Possibilités, initiatives et calendrier de la mise en valeur des bois feuillus en Suisse au cours des décennies à venir | Possibilities, Initiatives and Timing for an Economic Development of Hardwood Timber in Switzerland for the Coming Decades

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (7) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Peter Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Potential Market

Despite the fact that NFI 2 clearly attests that 35% of Swiss forests' increments are produced by hardwoods, only 28% of that volume are harvested yearly. A mere eight percent of the working capacity of Swiss sawmills is used on indigenous hardwoods;imported logs take up an additional 4%. More than 50% of the hardwood sawlogs exploited in Swiss forests is thus exported without any processing. Studies realised by «Forum for wood» have shown that an important potential market exists for local timber and especially for hardwood products. This is due not only to its aesthetic qualities, but also to the mechanical properties which allow uses in construction. The decisive factors for better marketing opportunities for hardwood are mainly found in the wood processing industries. Only a voluntary marketing promotion conducted by the whole woodworking chain can bring about a significant breakthrough for hardwoods.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI SEKAM PADI DAN KAYU SENGON DENGAN VARIASI KADAR PEREKAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dendi Prayoga ◽  
. Dirhamsyah ◽  
. Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Wood Processing

This research aimed to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards based on the composition of raw materials and adhesive content and know the treatment of the composition of raw materials and the best adhesive content and meet the standard JIS A 5908-2003. The research was conducted at Wood Workshop Laboratory, Wood Processing Laboratory Faculty of Forestry,Tanjungpura University and Laboratory of PT. Duta Pertiwi Nusantara Pontianak. The adhesive used is Urea Formaldehyde with 52% Solid Content. Comparison of the composition of rice husks and sengon varies namely rice husk 50%: sengon 50%, rice husk 60%: sengon 40% and rice husk 70%: sengon 30%  and variations in the levels of UF adhesives, namely 14% and 16%, with target density 0,7 gr/cm3. The particleboard was 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm Pressing at temperature 140oC for 8 minutes, with  pressure of 25 kg/cm2. The research results of the study of density and moisture content meet the standards JIS A 5908-2003. The best particle values of rice husk and sengon  with composition a ratio of  rice husk 50%: sengon 50% , 16% adhesive content  16%, with density value of  0,7072 gr/cm3, moisture content 9,1949 %, thick development 12,3210 %, water absorption 68,8270 %, MOE 12110,7273 kg/cm2, MOR 161,0025 kg/cm2, firmness sticky 1,9320 kg/cm2, screw holding strength 62,3124 kg.Keywords : adhesive, composition, particle board, rice husk, sengon

Interpreting research results for the physical and mechanical properties of wood: An approach not dependent on a juvenile/mature wood boundary

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 6921-6932
Author(s):  
Tomislav Sinković ◽  
Branimir Jambreković ◽  
Tomislav Sedlar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
The Difference

The interpretation and presentation of research on the physical and mechanical properties of wood in the radial direction is important for the estimation of technological properties in primary wood processing. It is common practice to define the boundary between the juvenile and mature wood zone of tree growth because of the differences in wood properties in these two zones. The juvenile and mature wood zones can be determined statistically based on the significance of the difference in the properties in a particular zone. This paper presents the insufficiency in the statistical determination of the boundary between juvenile and adult wood. Such limitations detract from the potential value and technological exploitation of wood as raw material. Statistical tests yielded zones that were too wide for the transition of juvenile wood to mature wood. Representations of the distribution of properties in the radial direction also complement the knowledge for assessing the technological properties based on the researched use of the presentation of polynomials of the second degree and the display of the Tukey HSD test in the form of comparison tables. The graphical representations by groups of the tested annual rings of fir wood also help to assess the technological properties.

scholarly journals WOODWORKING IN THE NORTHERN BUKOVYNA DURING 12th — EARLY 13th CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
I. P. Vozny
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Drill Bits ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technical Properties

The article deals with the development of woodworking industry in the medieval settlements of Northern Bukovyna which for a long time remained poor studied. During the Middle Ages this territory was covered with significant forest areas, in which there were 22 local breeds of both industrial and rare trees. Accordingly, the woodworking industry here, as well as throughout the territory of Old Rus, had many branches. Being well acquainted with the technical properties of wood the local masters widely used this knowledge depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the breed. Constructing fortifications they used mainly oak and beech, for residential and commercial buildings they used pine and fir. Hardwood (maple, ash) was spread in manufacturing of dishes, while spoons were made from the yarrow, juniper. The remains of precise or carved wooden dishes were discovered in the settlements of Northern Bukovyna. Beech and oak were used in the craft. Containers were made from lime to store loose materials. Local carpenters were aware of various ways of connecting individual wooden elements to each other in a particular product or construction. When erecting dwellings or household structures in corners, the main method was to connect the locks, and when connected horizontally, direct, overhead, spit joints were widely used. At the archaeological sites of Northern Bukovyna, as the open settlements were almost not explored, considerable woodworking toolkit was discovered. It is represented as forms and fragments of blades, ax, bits, drill bits, knives, nail, etc. Their typology has wide analogies among archeological materials from other territories of the Old Rus state and is fully integrated into the generally accepted typology. Thus, materials that characterize the woodworking industry of Northern Bukovyna completely allow trace the evolution of the woodworking business, which developed in terms of economic development of Old Rus.

Cutting forces during drilling and selected physical and mechanical properties of the finish coating based on epoxy resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Barbara Białowąs ◽  
Karol Szymanowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cutting Resistance ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Epoxy Resin Coating ◽  
Torque Values

Abstract: Cutting forces during drilling and selected physical and mechanical properties of the finish coating based on epoxy resin. Paper presents selected tests of epoxy resin coating applied to American walnut wood (Juglans nigra L.). The aim of the study was to assess the machinability of wood flooded with resin during drilling. The axial forces and torque values were adopted for the machinability criteria. The idea of the research was the thesis questioning the possibility of processing epoxy resin coatings with the application of tools and parameters used during wood processing. In addition, the influence of UV light on the obtained coating was examined and abrasion tests were carried out. It was found the resin changes its colour under the influence of UV radiation, but the change is imperceptible to an average observer. Epoxy resin is characterized by low abrasion resistance compared to commonly used paint and varnish coatings. Although solid resin is characterized by high cutting resistance while drilling, the force values do not exceed the commonly cut wood-based materials.

Study and Evaluation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of 40 Kinds of Wood Species in Zhejiang Province (China)

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Man Ping Xu ◽  
Fei Yan Guo ◽  
Kan Kan Zhou ◽  
Wei Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Processing Application ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Analysis Methods

Physical and mechanical properties of 40 kinds of typical wood species in Zhejiang province were studied in this experiment. Density, shrinkage rate, modulus of rupture,bending strength, compression strength, shear strength and hardness were measured and wood species were classified and evaluated by clustering analysis mehtod (CA) combined with membership function (MF) comprehensive evaluation according to these properties. The results showed that the two analysis methods achieved the similar results when screening first class wood which can be conclued that among the 40 kinds of species Quercus fabri, Dalbergia hupeana Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Lithocarpus harlandii and Lagerstroemia indica were the excellent quality. In the mean while the two analysis methods got the similar conclusion that wood properties of Pterocarya stenoptera were the worest as well. In addation, Camptotheca acuminata and Alniphyllum fortune according to CA and Ilex rotunda, and Cyclocarya paliurus according to MF were also the worest qulaity. The study provided powerful references for wood processing, application and directional cultivation of indigenous tree species in Zhejiang.

scholarly journals Functionality of Beech Bark in Adhesive Mixtures Used in Plywood and Its Effect on the Stability Associated with Material Systems

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Réh ◽  
Rastislav Igaz ◽  
Ľuboš Krišťák ◽  
Ivan Ružiak ◽  
Milada Gajtanska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Adhesive Mixtures ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heating Up

The results of research into utilizing grinded beech bark in order to substitute commonly used fillers in urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive mixtures to bond plywood are presented in the present study. Four test groups of plywood with various adhesive mixtures were manufactured under laboratory conditions and used for experimentation. Plywood made using the same technology, with the common filler (technical flour), was used as a reference material. Three different concentrations of grinded beech bark were used. The thermal conductivity of the fillers used, viscosity and its time dependence, homogeneity and the dispersion performance of fillers were evaluated in the analysis of adhesive mixture. The time necessary for heating up the material during the pressing process was a further tested parameter. The produced plywood was analyzed in terms of its modulus of elasticity, bending strength, perpendicular tensile strength and free formaldehyde emissions. Following the research results, beech bark can be characterized as an ecologically friendly alternative to technical flour, shortening the time of pressing by up to 27%. At the same time, in terms of the statistics, the mechanical properties and stability of the material changed insignificantly, and the formaldehyde emissions reduced significantly, by up to 74%. The utilization of bark was in compliance with long-term sustainability, resulting in a decrease in the environmental impact of waste generated during the wood processing.

The effect of (induced) dislocations on the tensile properties of individual Norway spruce fibres

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Eder ◽  
Nasko Terziev ◽  
Geoffrey Daniel ◽  
Ingo Burgert
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Axial compressive stresses can cause distortion of the cellulose fibril alignment in the wood cell wall. These deformations are thought to occur in the living tree and/or to develop during wood processing and seem to adversely affect the mechanical properties of pulp and paper and other fibre-based products. To characterise the influence of dislocations on the mechanical properties of the unmodified cell wall, dislocations were artificially created by applying high compression loads to wood blocks parallel to the fibre axis. Mechanically isolated fibres containing different levels of dislocations were then subjected to tensile tests. Comparison between micromechanical properties of reference fibres and fibres that were artificially loaded in compression revealed the importance of dislocations for the mechanics of both earlywood and latewood. However, the tensile strength (decrease ∼19% for earlywood and ∼26% for latewood) was less affected than expected from structural observations of the pre-compressed zones.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI AMPAS BATANG SAGU (Metroxylon spp) DENGAN PEREKAT ALAMI ASAM SITRAT : SIFAT FISIK, MEKANIK DAN KEAWETAN TERHADAP RAYAP TANAH (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Wesly ◽  
M Dirhamsyah ◽  
Dina Setyawati ◽  
. Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Airborne Particle ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Product Technology

AbstractThis study is intended to focus on the concentration of natual citric acid and density including physical and mechanical properties and durability of particleboards towards C. curvignathus Holmgren. This research is lifted because research on the use of citric acid as an adhesive is relatively limited.The research’s material was taken from waste dreg of Sago and citric acid. The research was carried out in wood workshops, wood processing technology laboratories and forest product technology laboratories, Tanjungpura University Forestry Faculty along with laboratories PT Duta Pertiwi Nusantara. The factors which was used in this study was the concentration of 20% - 30% with a density of 0,6 g/cm3 and 0,7 g/cm3 , based on the weight of the airborne particle, the temperature of pressurization used 180ºC with pressures of 25 kg/cm2. Physical and mechanical properties were tested based on JIS A 5908-2003 type 8. Testing of soil termites was carried out by calculating the value of weight reduction and mortality of termiste after 21 days. In this study, The optimum conditions were particle board density 0,7 g/cm3 and concentration 20%, with qualities that can fulfill several standards of JIS A 5908-2003 type 8, with a density of 0,7 g/cm3 consentrations 30%, resulting in termite mortality values of 100% and loss16,92% of weight.Keywords : Citric acid, concentration, density, termite, sago.

scholarly journals PRIORITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AREAS IN SIBERIAN REGIONS: FEATURES AND PROBLEMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Olga N. Gurova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Complex Development

The article discusses the mechanism of complex development of the territory, organized through the creation of Priority Socio-Economic Development Areas (PSEDA). The purpose of the article is to study the features of PSEDA in the Siberian part of the Russian Federation, the object of the study is the Baikal region and the regions of the Siberian Federal District and their settlements that received this status. The relevance is determined by the fact that PSEDA are created in order to solve the problems of monospecialized cities: to diversify their economy and reduce dependence on city-forming enterprises, it is assumed that they will become points of economic growth, improve the investment climate. The basis of the work was the statistical information of the regions of the Siberian Federal District, information resources of federal and regional authorities and directly territories with this status. The article summarizes these territories, investment projects within the PSEDA, areas of activity that receive support under this mechanism in Siberia. In the Siberian regions on the territories of PSEDA, investment projects prevail in a wide range of industrial production: wood processing, food, light industry. Many projects have not yet begun implementation or are at the stage of infrastructure construction. In the case of successful implementation of these projects, the development of manufacturing industries in resource regions, in which investment projects are implemented mainly in the field of natural resource extraction, will take place. Prospects for the study is related to a further comparative analysis of the socio-economic dynamics of the region and settlement with a fully functioning PSEDA: how much do the parameters of regional development improve after the formation of PSEDA, does the growth of socio-economic indicators occur.

Investigation of Thermal Cycle Effect on Hardening of Deposited High-Speed Metal

2018 ◽  
Vol 927 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S.A. Solodsky ◽  
Aleksandra Malchik ◽  
Denis V. Valuev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Deposited Metal

The paper describes thermal and deformation effects of weld surfacing on properties of deposited metal for high-speed tools. The technological process, enabling optimal conditions for producing of deposited metal with high mechanical properties and quality, which significantly increases working capacity of welded parts, is given.

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