Dietary n-9, n-6 and n-3 fatty acids modulate the oxidative stress in brain and liver of mice. Effect of trans fatty acids supplementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jimena Verónica Lavandera ◽  
Verónica Reus ◽  
Juliana Saín ◽  
Claudio Adrian Bernal ◽  
Marcela Aida González
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

BACKGROUND: Arachidonic (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids interaction affects brain structure and function. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) generate oxygenated lipid-derived eicosanoids which modulate the inflammatory response. The presence of trans fatty acids (TFA) in neuronal membranes can favor to generation of pro-oxidant metabolites. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of supplementation with TFA to diets containing different proportions of FA, on the oxidative stress (OS) generation and the inflammatory response in mice brain and liver. METHODS: CF1 mice were fed diets (16 weeks) with olive (O), corn (C) or rapeseed (R) oils. OS parameters and gene expression of some key liver and brain enzymes involved in OS production were evaluated. RESULTS: In brain and liver, lipoperoxidation was increased and catalase activity was decreased in C. In brain, glutathione was diminished by supplementation with TFA in all diets and histological sections showed lymphocytes in O and C. In liver, decreased amount of lipid vacuoles and increased of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and PPARγ mRNA levels were observed in R and Rt. IL-1b and IL-6 in serum were augmented in O and Ot. CONCLUSIONS: Rapeseed oil could have protective effects on the development of OS and inflammation, while TFA supplementation did not showed marked effects on these parameters.

scholarly journals DETERMINASI PEMBERIAN MINYAK TRANS TERHADAP STRES OKSIDATIF PADA TIKUS GALUR WISTAR DENGAN MALONDIALDEHIDA PANKREAS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Maharja Mawali ◽  
Koekoeh Santoso ◽  
Nastiti Kusumorini ◽  
Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas ◽  
Atin Supiyani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Tbars Assay ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are the entire unsaturated fatty acids containing one or more double bonds isolated in trans configuration believed as predisposing factor of oxidative stress, excluding conjugated double bond fatty acids. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation used as oxidative stress marker. The objective of this study was to see the correlation between TFAs containing-oil (consists of 3-6% TFAs) intake at various administration doses and pancreatic MDA levels in Wistar rats. Twelve rats were grouped according to administration doses (20%, 40%, 60% of given feed total energy and control group). TFAs containing-oil was administered orally once a day for 70 days at given doses by force feeding. Pancreatic MDA were measured using TBARS assay adapted from Singh et al. (2006). Increase of TFAs  containing-oil  administration  dose  caused  insignificant  increase  of  pancreatic MDA level.   Keywords: trans fatty acids, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, Wistar rats, palm oil

scholarly journals Comparing the protective effects of resveratrol, curcumin and sulforaphane against LPS/IFN-γ-mediated inflammation in doxorubicin-treated macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidy A. Saleh ◽  
Eman Ramdan ◽  
Mohey M. Elmazar ◽  
Hassan M. E. Azzazy ◽  
Anwar Abdelnaser
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy is associated with the release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages. This has been suggested to be, in part, due to DOX-mediated leakage of endotoxins from gut microflora, which activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in macrophages, causing severe inflammation. However, the direct function of DOX on macrophages is still unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that DOX alone is incapable of stimulating inflammatory response in macrophages. Then, we compared the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin (CUR), resveratrol (RES) and sulforaphane (SFN) against lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-γ)-mediated inflammation in the absence or presence of DOX. For this purpose, RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS/IFN-γ (10 ng/mL/10 U/mL) in the absence or presence of DOX (0.1 µM). Our results showed that DOX alone is incapable of stimulating an inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, after 24 h of incubation with LPS/IFN-γ, a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels was observed. Similarly, nitric oxide (NO) production and TNF-α and IL-6 protein levels were significantly upregulated. Moreover, in LPS/IFN-γ-treated macrophages, the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-21 were significantly overexpressed. Interestingly, upon testing CUR, RES, and SFN against LPS/IFN-γ-mediated inflammation, only SFN was able to significantly reverse the LPS/IFN-γ-mediated induction of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 and attenuate miR-146a and miR-155 levels. In conclusion, SFN, at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, exhibits potent immunomodulatory action against LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages, which may indicate SFN as a potential treatment for DOX-associated inflammation.

scholarly journals Spinal Cord Injury Increases Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Kidney at Acute and Sub-chronic Stages

Inflammation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangrila Parvin ◽  
Clintoria R. Williams ◽  
Simone A. Jarrett ◽  
Sandra M. Garraway
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract— Accumulating evidence supports that spinal cord injury (SCI) produces robust inflammatory plasticity. We previously showed that the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α is increased in the spinal cord after SCI. SCI also induces a systemic inflammatory response that can impact peripheral organ functions. The kidney plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular health. However, SCI-induced inflammatory response in the kidney and the subsequent effect on renal function have not been well characterized. This study investigated the impact of high and low thoracic (T) SCI on C-fos, TNFα, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression in the kidney at acute and sub-chronic timepoints. Adult C57BL/6 mice received a moderate contusion SCI or sham procedures at T4 or T10. Uninjured mice served as naïve controls. mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and C-fos, and TNFα and C-fos protein expression were assessed in the kidney and spinal cord 1 day and 14 days post-injury. The mRNA levels of all targets were robustly increased in the kidney and spinal cord, 1 day after both injuries. Whereas IL-6 and TNFα remained elevated in the spinal cord at 14 days after SCI, C-fos, IL-6, and TNFα levels were sustained in the kidney only after T10 SCI. TNFα protein was significantly upregulated in the kidney 1 day after both T4 and T10 SCI. Overall, these results clearly demonstrate that SCI induces robust systemic inflammation that extends to the kidney. Hence, the presence of renal inflammation can substantially impact renal pathophysiology and function after SCI.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Nutrients and Biochemical Evaluation in Pomfret Fish (Pampus argenteus) During Frozen Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkalendu suvendusekhar Samantaray ◽  
Swagatika Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Pampus Argenteus

Marine fish are well-known for being a high-quality protein source having high concentration of essential amino acids. It has high concentration of mono unsaturated and poly unsaturated fatty acids, which may aid in the optimization of lipid profiles and the reduction of the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The goal of this study was to estimate the nutritional and biochemical status of raw sea fish Pampus argenteus after 30 days of frozen storage at -200C with 15-day intervals. Nutrient study showed a decrease in protein and lipid content. The changes of hydrogen peroxide and oxidized lipid products were estimated in the muscle tissue during fresh and storage condition. Results indicate that during storage the oxidative stress increased. An antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, smutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) measurement was determined. The increased amount of oxidative stress during fish storage is shown by the differential activity of antioxidant enzymes. The amount of protein in fish varies slightly between species and even within species. Fish is high in protein, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for brain development (Spencer et al., 1971; Jacylin et al., 2010). A well-balanced diet consists variety of fish that can help in children's growth and development as well as their heart health (Jinadasa, 2014).

scholarly journals Lysophosphatidylcholine Offsets the Protective Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress Injury of Retinal Endothelial Cells via TLR4/NF-κB Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Haijun Zhao ◽  
Yanhui He
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Oxidative Stress Injury ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as a major cause of blindness worldwide, is one common complication of diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury of endothelial cells play significant roles in the pathogenesis of DR. The study is aimed at investigating the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on the dysfunction of high glucose- (HG-) treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) after being cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the underlying regulatory mechanism. Coculture of BMSCs and HRMECs was performed in transwell chambers. The activities of antioxidant-related enzymes and molecules of oxidative stress injury and the contents of inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry analyzed the apoptosis of treated HRMECs. HRMECs were further treated with 10-50 μg/ml LPC to investigate the effect of LPC on the dysfunction of HRMECs. Western blotting was conducted to evaluate levels of TLR4 and p-NF-κB proteins. We found that BMSCs alleviated HG-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury of HRMECs. Importantly, LPC offsets the protective effects of BMSCs on inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury of HRMECs. Furthermore, LPC upregulated the protein levels of TLR4 and p-NF-κB, activating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Overall, our study demonstrated that LPC offsets the protective effects of BMSCs on inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury of HRMECs via TLR4/NF-κB signaling.

scholarly journals Four Novel Dammarane-Type Triterpenoids from Pearl Knots of Panax ginseng Meyer cv. Silvatica

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Qi ◽  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Xuewa Guan ◽  
Cuizhu Wang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Protective Effects

Panax ginseng Meyer cv. Silvatica (PGS), which is also known as “Lin-Xia-Shan-Shen” or “Zi-Hai” in China, is grown in forests and mountains by broadcasting the seeds of ginseng and is harvested at the cultivation age of 15–20 years. In this study, four new dammarane-type triterpenoids, ginsengenin-S1 (1), ginsengenin-S2 (2), ginsenoside-S3 (3), ginsenoside-S4 (4), along with one known compound were isolated from pearl knots of PGS. Ginsengenin-S2 significantly alleviated oxidative damage when A549 cells were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) extract. In addition, ginsengenin-S2 could inhibit the CS-induced inflammatory reaction in A549 cells. Protective effects of ginsengenin-S2 against CS-mediated oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in A549 cells may involve the Nrf2 and HDAC2 pathways.

scholarly journals A Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils Attenuates the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Aging in Male Wistar Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel González-Hedström ◽  
Sara Amor ◽  
María de la Fuente-Fernández ◽  
Antonio Tejera-Muñoz ◽  
Teresa Priego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Aging is one of the major risk factors for suffering cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Due to the increase in life expectancy, there is a strong interest in the search for anti-aging strategies to treat and prevent these aging-induced disorders. Both omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exert numerous metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in the elderly. In addition, EVOO constitutes an interesting ingredient to stabilize ω-3 PUFA and decrease their oxidation process due to its high content in antioxidant compounds. ω-3 PUFA are commonly obtained from fish. However, more ecological and sustainable sources, such as algae oil (AO) can also be used. In this study, we aimed to study the possible beneficial effect of an oil mixture composed by EVOO (75%) and AO (25%) rich in ω-3 PUFA (35% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 20% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging. For this purpose; young (three months old) and old (24 months old) male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or with the oil mixture (2.5 mL/kg) for 21 days. Treatment with the oil mixture prevented the aging-induced increase in the serum levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the aging-induced decrease in the serum concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Old treated rats showed increased serum concentrations of EPA and DHA and decreased HOMA-IR index and circulating levels of total cholesterol, insulin and IL-6. Treatment with the oil mixture increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant and insulin sensitivity-related enzymes, as well as reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the liver and in cardiac and aortic tissues. In addition, the treatment also prevented the aging-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, aortic rings from old rats treated with the oil mixture showed a decreased response to the vasoconstrictor AngII. In conclusion, treatment with a mixture of EVOO and AO improves the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and vascular function in aged rats and decreases aging-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver, and in the cardiovascular system. Thus, it could be an interesting strategy to deal with cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Protection by PARP Inhibition

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Gallyas Jr ◽  
Balazs Sumegi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Parp Inhibition ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Parp Activation ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
And Function

Inhibitors of the nuclear DNA damage sensor and signalling enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have recently been introduced in the therapy of cancers deficient in double-strand DNA break repair systems, and ongoing clinical trials aim to extend their use from other forms of cancer non-responsive to conventional treatments. Additionally, PARP inhibitors were suggested to be repurposed for oxidative stress-associated non-oncological diseases resulting in a devastating outcome, or requiring acute treatment. Their well-documented mitochondria- and cytoprotective effects form the basis of PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic use for non-oncological diseases, yet can limit their efficacy in the treatment of cancers. A better understanding of the processes involved in their protective effects may improve the PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic potential in the non-oncological indications. To this end, we endeavoured to summarise the basic features regarding mitochondrial structure and function, review the major PARP activation-induced cellular processes leading to mitochondrial damage, and discuss the role of PARP inhibition-mediated mitochondrial protection in several oxidative stress-associated diseases.

Effect of dietary fat supplements on levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids,transacids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Offer ◽  
M. Marsden ◽  
J. Dixon ◽  
B. K. Speake ◽  
F. E. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fat Supplements

AbstractThe effects of three fat supplements on milk yield and composition were measured using 12 mid-lactation in-calf Hoistein-Friesian cows in a balanced incomplete change-over design over three periods each of 3 weeks. All cows received a basal diet consisting of 36 kg/day grass silage (dry matter (DM) 270 g/kg, metabolizable energy (ME) 11·6 MJ/kg DM) and 7 kg/day o f a concentrate mixture containing (g/kg) rolled barley (501), molassed sugar-beet pulp shreds (277), soya-bean meal (208) and a standard cow mineral supplement (14). Treatments were CON (control-no supplement); LIN and FISH (250 gl day of either linseed oil or marine oil, providing approximately 0·046 of ME intake) or TOA (95 glday of tuna orbital oil, providing 0·018 of total ME intake).There were no significant effects on silage DM intake or milk yield (means 9·25 and 17·2 kg/day respectively). The FISH and TOA treatments depressed (F < 0·05) milk fat concentration (45·4, 44·6, 34·5 and 41·6 (s.e.d. 1·08) g/kg for CON, LIN, FISH and TOA respectively; note — the same treatment order is used for all results quoted). Compared with values for CON, yield of f at (glday) was significantly (F < 0·05) greater for LIN and significantly lower for FISH (739, 808, 572 and 732, s.e.d. 28·7). All three oil supplements reduced (F < 0·05) milk protein content (33·6, 32·5, 30·6 and 32·4 (s.e.d. 0·43) g/kg) but, apart from a small increase for LIN, protein yield (glday) was unaffected (545, 586, 510 and 574, s.e.d. 20·2).The concentrations (g/100 g) of short-chain fatty acids (< C14) and C16 : 0 in milk f at were lower (F < 0·05) for LIN than for the other treatments. All supplements increased the concentrations ofC18:1 (F < 0·05), the value for LIN being greater (F < 0·05) than for the other treatments (21·0, 27·2, 25·3 and 23·7, s.e.d. 0·74). The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the concentrations of long chain (< C2O) (n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (0·19, 0·17, 0·49 and 0·27, s.e.d. 0·026) but less than proportionately 0·03 of dietary intake of these acids was transferred to milk, probably because they were found to be mostly in the phospholipid and cholesterol ester fractions of plasma. The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the percentages of total trans fatty acids in milk fat (1·13, 2·19, 10·26 and 3·62, s.e.d. 0·728) whilst a significant (F < 0·05) increase in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was observed only for FISH (0·16, 0·28, 1·55, and 0·52, s.e.d. 0·154). Concentrations of CLA and total trans acids in milk were highly correlated (r = 0·91, no. =36, F < 0·001) whilst trans acids in milk were inversely correlated with milk fat content (r = -0·63, no. = 36, F < 0·001) supporting the theory that milk fat depression may be caused by increased supply of trans fatty acids to the mammary gland. The health implications of these changes in milk fat composition are discussed.

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