Effects of ethanolic extract of Waltheria indica aerial parts on some liver and kidney function indices in albino rats

Background: The therapeutic value of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) has been documented in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and ailments. Various preparations of this plant have been made and used especially for liver inflammatory conditions in livestock. Further, many liver diseases in humans are inflammatory conditions, which are caused by alcohol intake. This study sought to examine the effect of S. cumini on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. The first group was control and the other four were administered ethanol at varying doses to induce liver and kidney damages. Two doses of the S. cumini extract were administered at a concentration of 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg. Silymarin was administered to the last group at 10 mg/kg. The liver and kidney tissue samples were collected and preserved for histological analyses and the rat sera were analyzed for the associated biochemical biomarkers. Results: Histopathological analyses revealed pyknotic nuclei and distortion in the arrangement of the hepatocytes in extract-treated groups. The kidney tissue samples showed signs of interstitial bleeding and aggregation of lymphocytes in the peri-glomerular areas. The analyses of the biochemical parameters revealed that there were significant increases in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), Urea and creatinine in the sera of the groups treated with the extract compared to those of the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: The S. cumini extract caused elevation of serum hepatic and renal biomarkers at 400 mg/kg and did not have a hepatoprotective effect.

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Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens leaves ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-021-03455-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽

Ayomide Micheal Ola-Awe ◽

Omotola Grace Fatile

Keyword(s):

Kidney Diseases ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Initial Exposure ◽

Group I ◽

Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background Mucuna pruriens (L.) has been used for the treatment of several ailments in folkloric medicine. The present study therefore investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of its leaves extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Methodology Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Results Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Extract of M. pruriens leaves restored deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in the liver and kidney with similar potency to silymarin. Hence, leaf extract of M. pruriens is a potential hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

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Antidiabetic Activity of Aerial Parts and Seeds of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) on Diabetic Rats

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2020/v12i730244 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 13-23

Author(s):

E. G. El- Dreny

Keyword(s):

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Biological Experiment ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Liver And Kidney

This study has been proposed to study the effect of aerial parts and seeds of purslane on diabetic rats. Chemical composition, phenolic compounds and fatty acids of purslane and seeds powder were determined. A biological experiment was performed using 30 male albino rats. The rats were divided into six groups (five in group) and the duration of experiment was 8 weeks. Normal control (G1) non- diabetic rats fed on the basal diet, diabetic control (G2) diabetic rats fed on the basal diet only, the other groups of diabetic rats fed on basal diet supplemented with purslane (5 and 10%) and seeds (5 and 10%). The results of biological experiment indicated that adding of purslane and seeds to basal diet for diabetic rats, led to improvement in liver and kidney functions and an increase in body weight and HDL cholesterol and decrease blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL cholesterol, v-LDL cholesterol comparing to those of diabetic rats fed on basal diet only diabetic control. Purslane (5 and 10%) and seeds (5 and 10%) were added to burger as a replacement of fat. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that all sensory properties of the burger prepared with purslane and seeds were acceptable. Through the results of this study, we recommend the possibility of using purslane and seeds to prevent and reduce the symptoms caused by diabetes.

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Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruit Protects Against Cyanide Induced Toxicity in Rats

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2020.61.10.7 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2504-2514

Author(s):

Helen E. Kadiri ◽

Israel O. Okoro ◽

Patrick C. Ichipi-Ifukor

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Protective Role ◽

Male Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Cyanide Poisoning ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Structural Distortions ◽

Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Group 2

At present there is no approved food antidote for cyanide poisoning. Therefore, plants are being tested as possible antidotes for cyanide (CN) toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective role of the ethanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (T. tetraptera) against cyanide nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in male rats. Forty five male albino rats divided into nine groups were used for the experiment: Group 1 received water only, Group 2 received CN only, Group 3 received CN + thiosulphate, Groups 4, 5 and 6 received 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg T tetraptera extract, respectively. Groups 7, 8 and 9 received CN in addition to 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg T tetraptera, respectively. The results showed elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, aminoaspartate transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and urea in the serum and tissues of cyanide treated rats. Significant decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were also observed in the liver and kidney of cyanide treated rats. Histological analysis showed CN- induced structural distortions of the liver and kidney tissues. However treatment with T. tetraptera fruit extract was able to mitigate these damages. This study indicates that T. tetraptera fruit extract possesses hepato-and-nephro-protective properties and can be used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning.

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Effect of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract on hepato-renal changes of albino rats induced with Salmonella typhimurium

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20171080 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 734

Author(s):

Nasiru Suleiman ◽

Bulama Ibrahim ◽

Bagudo Ibrahim Ahmed ◽

Attahiru Zayyanu

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Total Protein ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Group A ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera against Salmonella typhimurium infected changes in liver and kidney function parameters in albino rats.Methods: Twenty acclimatized albino rats were divided into four groups of five rats each (groups A-D). Groups B, C and D were exposed to 0.1ml (3.0x104 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium. Six hours post- infection, Groups B and C were treated with 50 and 100mg/kg of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract respectively and continued for 21 days. Group D was not treated while group A was neither infected nor treated. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), bilirubin, albumin, total protein, urea and creatinine were estimated using standard methods. All data were collected and analyzed in October 2015.Results: S. typhimurium infection significantly (p<0.05) increased the levels of ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin, urea and creatinine when compared with control levels (Group A). Total protein and albumin concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) reduced following the infection. However, Moringa oleifera supplementation was associated with significant (p<0.05) decrease in the levels of ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin, urea and creatinine. It is also associated with decrease in concentrations of total protein and albumin.Conclusions: This study showed S. typhimurium infection induced changes in liver and kidney function parameters and also revealed possible amelioratory effects to these changes after Moringa oleifera supplementation.

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In vivo and in vitro antidiabetic properties of alkaloids extract from Salvia chudaei

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt2152045t ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

Mohammed Tlili ◽

Roukia Hammoudi ◽

Mahfoud Hadj-Mahammed

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Mean Blood Glucose

The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the antidiabetic effect of the alkaloids extract of Salvia chudaei Batt. & Trab. (Lamiaceae) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The alkaloids extract was prepared, and the in vitro inhibitory effect of key digesting enzymes related to postprandial hyperglycemia were determined. After acute toxicity test, the Swiss albino rats were induced with alloxan to get experimental diabetes animals. The fasting mean blood glucose, lipid profile, different liver and kidney function biomarkers and antioxidant biomarkers levels, after treatment for 30 days, diabetic untreated and diabetic rats treated with alkaloids extract were estimated. The alkaloids displayed remarkable in inhibiting ?-glucosidase (IC50 = 248.25?2.61 ?g/ml) than ?-amylase (IC50 = 262.96?9.64 ?g/ml) activities. In vivo, the results proved that alkaloids extract at dose of 500 mg/kg bw decreased significantly the blood glucose, lipid profile levels and improved the liver and kidney function biomarkers and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and gluthatione reductase). This study demonstrates, that alkaloids are effective in inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress caused by diabetes.

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Biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense on liver and kidney function in male albino rats

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-021-00187-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chinedu Imo ◽

Kayode Adebisi Arowora ◽

Chukwuma Stephen Ezeonu ◽

Joseph Ikwebe ◽

Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Function ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Piper Guineense ◽

Group 4 ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Xylopia Aethiopica ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background The fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense are commonly used as spices. Due to their wide use in nutrition and traditional medicine, there is need to examine the biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense on liver and kidney function in male albino rats. The test animals (groups 2, 3 and 4) received 100 mg/kg each of the corresponding extract for 21 days. Group 1 served as normal control and received a placebo of normal saline. The animals were later fasted overnight, sacrificed and their blood collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical indices. Results AST activity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats of group 2 compared to the normal control; ALP decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in animals of group 3; while ALT increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 4. The concentrations of urea and potassium showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in animals of group 3. Creatinine increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 2. Concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, sodium and chlorides in the test animals did not show any significant alteration. WBC count increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats of group 3 and non-significantly (p > 0.05) in groups 2 and 4. PCV increased significantly in rats of group 4 and non-significantly in groups 2 and 3. RBC count and Hb levels increased non-significantly (p > 0.05) in all the test groups compared to group 1. The histoarchitectural states of the liver and kidneys showed no apparent alteration by the different extracts. Conclusion The extracts have no apparent toxic effect on the liver and kidneys of the experimental rats, although fruits’ extract of Xylopia aethiopica showed possibility of exhibiting mild liver toxicity.

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Effect of Methanolic Extract of African Ebony (Diospyros mespiliformis) Stem Bark on Liver and Kidney Function Biomarkers in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.9734/ajbgmb/2020/v6i330156 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 51-55

Author(s):

N. B. Muhammad ◽

R. S. U. Wasagu ◽

B. Sani

Keyword(s):

Kidney Function ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

The effect of methanolic extract of African Ebony (Diospyros mespiliformis) on glucose level, liver and kidney function biomarkers in alloxan induced diabetic rat was investigated. The rats were grouped into four of ten (10) rats each. The rats in Group B, C and D were induced with 0.4mL of alloxan. Group C was treated with 0.3 mL of methanol stem back of Diospyros mespiliformis, Group D was treated with 1.3 mL of metformin; Group A non-diabetic and Group B diabetic untreated. There was a significance increase (P<0.05) in serum glucose level (23.95±1.04mmol/L) of diabetic untreated rat when compared with the normal rat (5.59±0.22mmol/L) Group A. There was also a significant difference P<0.05 in glucose level of the Groups treated with extract (15.90±0.29mmol/L) and Group treated with metformin (17.25±0.28mmol/L) when compared with diabetic untreated rat (23.95±1.04mmol/L). The effect of extract on Liver marker enzymes AST shows a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the Group treated with extract (11.00±0.40U/L) and metformin (11.04±1.08U/L) when compared with untreated (12.88±0.53g/L). ALT showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the Groups treated with extract (11.05±1.07U/L) and metformin (11.02±1.11U/L) when compared with untreated Group (14.58±0.76g/L). There was a significance P<0.05 increase of Total protein in untreated rats (66.00±2.26g/L) when compared with extract (11.25±1.15g/L) and treated with metformin (11.75±1.11g/L). There was a significance P<0.05 decrease in ALB in diabetic untreated (41.25±0.25g/L) when compared with that treated with extract (57.25±4.37g/L) and metformin (60.20±1.88g/L) and untreated rats. The values of renal function, Urea (6.74±1.76) mMol/l for Group A, (6.50±1.56) mMol/l for Group B, (8.87±1.10)mMol/l for Group C and (8.44±1.21) mMol/l for Group D. Creatinine values (0.44±0.01) mMol/l for Group A, (4.02±0.36) mMol/l for Group B, (3.16±0.10) mMol/l for Group C and (0.46±0.10) mMol/l. The stem bark extracts possesses hypoglycemic effect and also has a positive effect on liver and kidney function biomarker.

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Alterations in Biochemical Markers of Liver and Kidney Function and Oxidative Stress Indices on Sub-acute Exposure of Enrofloxacin in Albino Rats

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4453 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Prateek Mishra ◽

Vidhi Gautam ◽

R.K. Sharma ◽

Anushri Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Capillary Tube ◽

Acute Exposure ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Stress Indices ◽

Group I ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background: The present study was performed to evaluate Alterations in biochemical markers of liver and kidney function and oxidative stress indices on sub-acute exposure of enrofloxacin in albino rats. Methods: Albino rat weighing 200-300 gm were treated with enrofloxacin orally with the help of gavage needle and devided into three groups each group consist six rats. The rats of group I were served as control. However, rats of group II and III were treated with enrofloxacin @ 5 mg/kg b.wt., enrofloxacin @ 10 mg/kg b.wt. respectively. All the groups received medication orally, once daily for 28 days and blood samples were collected on the 28 day of experiment by the help of capillary tube and processed by laboratory methods. Result: Enrofloxacin altered the functions of liver and kidney as indicated by the alteration in the biochemical markers of liver and kidney function. Enrofloxacin significantly enhanced the concentration of biochemical markers of liver function viz. ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, albumin and bilirubin as compared to control. The concentration of biochemical markers of kidney function viz. BUN and creatinine was significantly enhanced after enrofloxacin administration as compared to control. Enrofloxacin administration induced oxidative stress in rats as indicated by significant decrease in concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in blood as compared to control. However, lipid peroxidation was significantly enhanced as indicated by increased level of MDA in blood as compared to controlConclusion: Thus, enrofloxacin have ability to altered the biochemical markers of liver and kidney and also have potency to induced oxidative stress in albino rats after the sub-acute exposure for 28 days.

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WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PARTS OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA LINN. AND ITS POLYHERBAL FORMULATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.57.07.12258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (07) ◽

pp. 58-62

Author(s):

Pushpendra Kumar Jain ◽

Yogesh Pounikar ◽

Navneet Khurana

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Euphorbia Hirta ◽

Polyherbal Formulation ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Tridax Procumbens ◽

Histopathological Studies ◽

Wound Healing Activity

This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo wound healing activity of ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of Euphorbia hirta Linn. and its polyherbal formulation with Tridax procumbens and Eclipta alba. The in vivo wound healing activity was assessed in albino rats by using three wound models i.e. excision wound, incision wound and dead space wound models. Level of biochemical markers and histological changes were monitored to evaluate the enhancement of wound healing. The results showed that ethanolic extract ointment possesses a definite prohealing action. This was demonstrated by a significant increase in the rate of wound contraction and by enhanced epithelization. Significant increase in tensile strength, hydroxyproline content and collagen levels were observed, which was further supported by histopathological studies and gain in granuloma breaking strength.

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