A view at the Russian economic transformation

2018 ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Baranov ◽  
V. A. Bessonov
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
Rate Of Recovery

The transition of the Russian economy from plan to market is considered at a qualitative level. The analysis of economic dynamics in the transformation paradigm is conducted. The main stages of the transition process are discussed. Bonuses and costs due to the transition to market economy are considered. The reasons for the outstripping growth of well-being as compared to the growth of output are discussed. The signs of exhaustion of the potential of factors ensuring an abnormally high rate of recovery and accompanying welfare growth are discussed. The conclusion is made that the transformational recovery has been completed. The Russian economy has moved to the stage of development with relatively low growth rates of output and welfare, typical for stable (nontransition) economies.

scholarly journals Ecological debt as a form of nature-dwindling social reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Sausheva ◽  
Vladimir Gorin
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Russian Economy

Since 1970, humanity has been spending more resources than our planet is able to restore, in fact, we live in debt. Examining trends in the indicator of environmental debt in different countries, the authors of the article show that the modern economic system, a prerequisite for the existence of which is a high rate of economic growth, does not solve the constantly accumulating global problems (inequality, poverty, hunger, waste growth, environmental pollution), but constantly enhances their severity. The study presents methods for calculating the ecological footprint and ecological debt, and also found that the ecological debt burden in the economy of modern Russia is significantly higher than the average in the world. The comparison of the Human Development Index and environmental debt carried out in the article, made it possible to assess whether the current situation corresponds to the material conditions of life within the ecological means of the Earth, and the socio-economic conditions of well-being. It was found that for the most part of the countries is outside the one planet prosperity quadrant, since the environmental debt in more developed countries is higher, and a low debt value is characteristic only of countries with a low Human Development Index. In the course of the study of green (“ecological”) investments, the authors revealed a discrepancy between their value in the Russian economy and the requirements of economic security (threshold value of 5 % of GDP). We suppose that partial neutralization of threats in this area is possible due to the state policy of «green loans», proposed for implementation in the Russian economy. The authors argue the conclusion about the need to modify the system of social reproduction towards its environmental friendliness and inclusiveness.

Impacts of Paris Agreement on Russian economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Makarov ◽  
C. Henry ◽  
V. P. Sergey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Climate Policies

The paper applies multiregional CGE Economic Policy Projection and Analysis (EPPA) model to analyze major risks the Paris Agreement on climate change adopted in 2015 brings to Russia. The authors come to the conclusion that if parties of the Agreement meet their targets that were set for 2030 it may lead to the decrease of average annual GDP growth rates by 0.2-0.3 p. p. Stricter climate policies beyond this year would bring GDP growth rates reduction in2035-2050 by additional 0.5 p. p. If Russia doesn’t ratify Paris Agreement, these losses may increase. In order to mitigate these risks, diversification of Russian economy is required.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Analyzing the current effectiveness of the Russian economy's design

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476-1496
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Moscow Oblast ◽  
Structural Balance ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Stability

Subject. The article discusses Russia’s economy and analyzes its effectiveness. Objectives. The study attempts to determine to what extent Russia’s economy is effective. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and the statistical analysis. Results. I discovered significant fluctuations of the structural balance due to changing growth rates of the total gross national debt denominated in the national currency, and the stability of growth rates of governmental revenue. Changes in the RUB exchange rate and an additional growth in GDP are the main stabilizers of the structural balance, as they depend on hydrocarbon export. As a result of the analysis of cash flows, I found that the exports slowed down. Financial resources are strongly centralized, since Moscow and the Moscow Oblast are incrementing their share in the export of mineral resources, oil and refining products and import of electrical machines and equipment. Conclusions and Relevance. The fact that the Russian economy has been effectively organized is proved with the centralization of the economic power and the limits through the cross-regional corporation, such as Moscow and the Moscow Oblast, which is resilient to any regional difficulties ensuring the economic growth and sustainable development. The findings would be valuable for the political and economic community to outline and substantiate actions to keep rates of the economic growth and sustainable development of the Russian economy.

scholarly journals Embitterment as a Specific Mental Health Reaction during the Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Beate Muschalla ◽  
Clio Vollborn ◽  
Anke Sondhof
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Perceived Injustice

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Embitterment can occur as a reaction to perceived injustice. During the pandemic and restrictions in daily living due to infection risk management, a range of many smaller or severe injustices have occurred. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study is to investigate what characterizes persons with high embitterment, mental illness, embitterment and mental illness, and those without embitterment or mental health problems. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted an online survey including persons from the general population in November 2020 and December 2020, the phase during which a second lockdown took place, with closed shops, restaurants, cultural and activity sites. 3,208 participants (mean age 47 years) gave self-ratings on their present well-being, burdens experienced during the pandemic, embitterment, wisdom, and resilience. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Embitterment occurred among 16% of the sample, which is a high rate in comparison with 4% during pre-pandemic times. Embitterment was weakly correlated with unspecific mental well-being. There were more persons with embitterment than those with embitterment and a mental health problem. Persons with embitterment reported less coronavirus-related anxiety than persons without embitterment. However, embittered persons reported more social and economic burdens and more frequent experiences of losses (job loss and canceling of medical treatments). Embittered persons perceive their own wisdom competencies on a similar level as persons with mental health problems or persons without mental health problems. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Embitterment is a specific potentially alone-standing affective state, which is distinguishable from general mental health and coping capacities (here: wisdom). The economic and social consequences of pandemic management should be carefully recognized and prevented by policy.

Health Care of Foster Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Foster Children ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Social Service Agencies ◽  
Developmental Problems

Children entering foster care generally have a higher than average number of health problems, and the care they receive is usually insufficient to meet their needs. These circumstances arise from the preplacement history of these children and from within the dual systems of foster care and publicly funded health care to which responsibility for their well-being is assigned. BACKGROUND Children enter foster care because their parents are unwilling or unable to provide for their physical and emotional needs. Most often, these children come from single-parent households where poverty, lack of formal education, and absence of social support contribute to inadequate and inappropriate child care. More than 80% of the children have experienced physical or sexual abuse and/or neglect. Their previous health care is likely to have been fragmented. As a consequence, foster children are likely to have unrecognized or untreated chronic disorders, a high rate of emotional and developmental problems, and impaired school performance. Placement of children into foster care is ordinarily a court-ordered process used when the application of resources by social service agencies fail to, or appear unlikely to, improve a home situation deemed detrimental to the children's well-being. Foster care is intended to be a planned temporary service designed to strengthen families and to enhance the quality of life for children. The imposed separation of children from parents is a decision intended to be based on the best interests of the children. It is to be an opportunity for families to receive the social support and counsel they require to be reconstituted.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF CITIMART

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Dr. Pham Hung Cuong ◽  
◽  
Nguyen Van Ngan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
World Market ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fast Development

According to Porter (1985), in the market of competition, competitive advantage lies in the center of business activities of an enterprise. For this reason, one of the most important factors for any kind of business is to build or construct a good and stable competitive advantage. The wealth of a company cannot be durable if the company does not maintain its competitive advantage. Improving the competitive advantage is one of the first and foremost concerns of every business. In the process of integration, all economies have to try their best to fully compete with each other to gain the best. Among the economy sectors, the retail enterprises are of those who have to apply marketing strategies to strengthen their competitive advantage. With good and suitable marketing strategies, businesses can increase the number of their customer, have goods and products attractive to consumers and finally gain the expected profits. In Vietnam, the market economy started at the end of 1986, much later than the world market economy, so the application of competitive advantages from the macro level to micro level (here the enterprise level) has been slow. For the sector of retailing, especially supermarket retailing, the market scale of Vietnam is much smaller than that of other markets in the region. However, there are basic factors for a fast development in Vietnam such as: big population with the kind of young population, high rate of economic growth rate and non-stop improved living standard. That is the fact that the potential for retailing development in Vietnam is not small and supermarket business in the future is big. In Vietnam, especially in Ho Chi Minh market, there are quite a lot of supermarket chains which are in operation nowadays such as Co-op mart, Citimart, Maximart, B-smart, Shop&Go and so on? These supermarkets are trying their best to gain more customers. For this purpose, the researcher chose Citimart as a case study in this research. Citimart is one of most favorable supermarket in Ho Chi Minh. In this thesis, the researcher studies the factors affecting the competitive advantage of Citimart, and then find out the solutions for the policy makers to have good business strategies of Citimart.

Socio-economic conditions for satisfying human needs at low energy use: an international analysis of provisioning factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefim Vogel ◽  
Julia K. Steinberger ◽  
Daniel W. O'Neill ◽  
William F. Lamb ◽  
Jaya Krishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Economic Regime

&lt;p&gt;Meeting human needs at low levels of energy use is fundamental for avoiding catastrophic climate change and securing the well-being of all people. In the current international political-economic regime, no country does so.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we assess which socio-economic conditions might enable societies to satisfy human needs at sustainable levels of energy use, and thus reconcile human well-being with ambitious climate mitigation. Applying a novel analytical framework and a novel regression-based moderation approach to data from 106 countries, we analyse how the relationship between energy use and six dimensions of human need satisfaction varies with a wide range of socio-economic factors relevant to the provisioning of goods and services (&amp;#8216;provisioning factors&amp;#8217;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We find that higher achievements in provisioning factors such as income equality, public service quality, democracy and electricity access are associated with greater need satisfaction and lower energy dependence of need satisfaction. Conversely, higher levels of economic growth and extractivism are associated with lower need satisfaction and greater energy dependence of need satisfaction. Our analysis suggests that countries with beneficial configurations of key provisioning factors are much more likely to reach high levels of need satisfaction at low(er) levels of energy use. Based on our statistical models, countries with highly beneficial configurations of several key provisioning factors could likely achieve sufficient need satisfaction within levels of energy use found compatible with limiting global warming to 1.5 &amp;#176;C without negative emissions technologies. Achieving this would be very unlikely for countries with detrimental provisioning configurations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Improvements in relevant provisioning factors may thus be crucial for ending human deprivation in currently underproviding countries without exacerbating climate and ecological crises, and for tackling the ecological overshoot of currently needs-satisfying countries without compromising sufficient need satisfaction. However, as key pillars of the suggested changes in provisioning run contrary to the dominant political-economic regime, a broader political-economic transformation may be required to organise provisioning for the satisfaction of human needs within sustainable levels of energy use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our findings have important implications for climate mitigation, poverty eradication, development discourses, and efforts towards Sustainable Development Goals and socio-ecological transformation.&lt;/p&gt;

Psychology of the Subject's Self-Regulatory Activity in the Context of Hybrid Warfare

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Nataliia Makarchuk ◽  
◽  
Liliia Kulinenko ◽  
Olga Vasylieva ◽  
Olga Zhurkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Political Life ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Clinical Interviews

Objective: The main tasks of this study are as follows: to substantiate the interdependence of perversion as a form of violence and the human ego in the context of hybrid warfare; to prove the existence of perversion as a form of violence against a person in the context of hybrid warfare in Ukraine (personal perversion); to describe the alteration of ego states as conditions for effective human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare. Background: Hybrid warfare, including the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, as a phenomenon, has been widely studied both abroad and in Ukraine. However, there are very few works on the psychological impact of such a war. There are currently no works on disorders of human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare, which makes the study unique and relevant. Method: The study used a combination of various methods, in particular, structural-clinical interviews, psychological counseling and therapeutic meetings, data analysis. Data were collected for 2014-2020. The total number of participants was 55 people aged 25 to 63 years, with 70% female and 30% male. Results: The latent tension and denial of hybrid warfare result in a gradual increase of neurotization, which is in 95% of cases passes into a neurosis state with concomitant manifestations of symptoms. There is also a deterioration in psychological well-being and phylogenetic disorders (erogenous dysfunction in men, uncontrolled neurotic masturbation in women). Disorders of the mental level of self-regulation determine the manifestation of the mental content of perversion, in which perversion takes on the character of intrapersonal functioning. Conclusion: The combination of disorders of the physical, mental and personal levels of the self-regulatory activity of the psyche increased perverse tendencies in social and political life, which provoked a high rate of psychotization of the entire society and an increase in deficit characterological manifestations of each individual.

Quality of Life Change and Individual Differences in Stimulus Screening in Relation to Incidence of Illness

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Mehrabian ◽  
Marion Ross
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Life Change ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
High Arousal

A considerable amount of evidence indicates that a high rate of life changes—a source of continued and unavoidable arousal—is detrimental to health and psychological well-being. The present study hypothesized that sustained high-arousal states are unpreferred and that the persistence of unpreferred emotional states is harmful. Using a conceptual framework for a comprehensive description of emotional states and the differential preferences for these, it is possible to make more precise predictions on the illness consequences of emotionally unpreferred life changes. Particular hypotheses which received support were that more arousing life changes are more conducive to illness; that among the more arousing life changes, unpleasant changes are associated with more illness than pleasant ones; that unpleasant life changes are more detrimental to health when combined with dominance-inducing life changes; and that arousing life changes are particularly harmful to more arousable (non-screening) individuals.

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