scholarly journals Performance of Floating Raft Fertigation System on Water Spinach Plants (Ipomea reptans Poir.) Cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
Rizal Hadyan Fadhlillah ◽  
Sophia Dwiratna ◽  
Kharistya Amaru
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Floating Raft ◽  
Spinach Plant

The increase of human population impact to more land needed for residence and has an impact on the decreasing land for agriculture, especially in urban areas. One of solution for farming in urban areas is by utilizing rooftop farming by hydroponic cultivation. The hydroponic system that used in this research is floating raft system. This study aims to determine the performance of the floating raft fertigation system which includes the amount of energy consumption, water, nutrient solution, growth uniformity and yield productivity in water spinach cultivation using floating raft fertigation system for one period of growth. This research was carried out on the rooftop of the building of the Food Industry Technology Department of Padjadjaran University with descriptive analysis method. The parameters measured in this study were the amount of water consumption, nutrition and electrical energy from the floating raft fertigation system that was used and uniformity of the results of plant growth including plant height, root length and plant weight at harvest determined in this study, 16 days after transplanting. Result showed that water consumption for one time growth period water spinach was 300,63 liters; consumption of nutrients was 3860 ml and electricity consumption was 31,816 kW. The uniformity of water spinach plant results of the study was in the category of good. The efficiency of water use was 99.6 kg/m3 and plant productivity based on research results is 72.8 kg/m2.

scholarly journals THE URBAN FARMING DENGAN HIDROPONIK MENGGUNAKAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH UNTUK PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KANGKUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yasinta Ratna Esti Wulandari ◽  
Anastasia Tatik Hartanti ◽  
Bernard Atviano
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Urban Farming ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Spinach Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Positive Effect

Urban farming activities with hydroponics techniques is one of the positive activities that can improve the creativity of people in urban areas. Urban farming activities can help improve the quality of people's lives, the environment, and play a role in maintaining food security. The study consisted of independent variables consisting of several groups, namely control (AB-Mix), 0.5 ppm of IAA (Indole Acetic Acid), BAP (Benzyl Adenine Purine) 0.5 and 1.0 ppm, and combination of IAA / BAP 0.5 /1.0 ppm. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of these treatments on water spinach plant yields that include leaves number, plant height, antioxidant content, and water content. The results of morphological growth showed that treatment with IAA 0.5 ppm was the most optimal while treatment with 1.0 ppm BAP had the average of the shortest plant height, the average number of leaves at least, and the shortest root length average. While the chlorophyll test showed that the system unit with the treatment of 0.5 ppm IAA had the highest total chlorophyll content with an average of 9.55 μg/ml. From the overall result, it can be assumed that the IAA of 0.5 ppm has the most positive effect on water spinach among other treatments.

Study of the operation of an artificial neural network that works in the electric network in order to prevent emergency conditions.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
D. Ostrenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Electric Network ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Emergency Situations

Emergency modes in electrical networks, arising for various reasons, lead to a break in the transmission of electrical energy on the way from the generating facility to the consumer. In most cases, such time breaks are unacceptable (the degree depends on the class of the consumer). Therefore, an effective solution is to both deal with the consequences, use emergency input of the reserve, and prevent these emergency situations by predicting events in the electric network. After analyzing the source [1], it was concluded that there are several methods for performing the forecast of emergency situations in electric networks. It can be: technical analysis, operational data processing (or online analytical processing), nonlinear regression methods. However, it is neural networks that have received the greatest application for solving these tasks. In this paper, we analyze existing neural networks used to predict processes in electrical systems, analyze the learning algorithm, and propose a new method for using neural networks to predict in electrical networks. Prognostication in electrical engineering plays a key role in shaping the balance of electricity in the grid, influencing the choice of mode parameters and estimated electrical loads. The balance of generation of electricity is the basis of technological stability of the energy system, its violation affects the quality of electricity (there are frequency and voltage jumps in the network), which reduces the efficiency of the equipment. Also, the correct forecast allows to ensure the optimal load distribution between the objects of the grid. According to the experience of [2], different methods are usually used for forecasting electricity consumption and building customer profiles, usually based on the analysis of the time dynamics of electricity consumption and its factors, the identification of statistical relationships between features and the construction of models.

scholarly journals Empty shelves: selected essential medicines stockouts in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wolvaardt ◽  
R Nemuntandani ◽  
I Kamungoma-Dada
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication

Abstract Background Access to essential medicines in South Africa has been compromised by stockouts in health facilities. This study describes the occurrence of stockouts for a selection of essential medicines. Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data retrieved from the Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP). A descriptive analysis was conducted on data from the 2013-2015 SSP case management database of routinely reported stockouts. Chi square tests of independence was conducted on data from the SSP 2015 annual telephonic survey to investigate associations between the occurrence of stockouts, the level of health facility and the type of health professional. Results 231 facilities reported 609 stockouts. Antiretroviral medication had the most stockout reports (78%; n = 475/609), followed by anti-infectives (17.1%; n = 104/609) and tuberculosis medication (4.9%; n = 30/609). The highest number of stockout reports were received from Gauteng province and the majority (71.09%; n = 150/211) of facilities reporting stockouts were in urban areas. There were more stockouts at ambulatory, rather than inpatient care, facilities however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study confirms that South Africa experiences medicine stockouts for many of the essential medicines, with antiretroviral medication being the category most affected. The stockouts vary between provinces and the urban-rural divide but are an equal threat to both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Key messages The pattern of stockouts experienced over a three-year period suggest that stockouts are ‘normal’ despite the substantive effects of treatment interruption – especially patients with HIV and/or TB. Antiretroviral therapy is at risk as a result of stockouts.

What Kind of People Use Carsharing for Commuting? Case Study in Shanghai

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Ye ◽  
Daoge Wang ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Commuting Mode ◽  
Study Offer

Carsharing as a service has been growing rapidly worldwide. Its expansion has drawn wide attention in the research community with regard to the underlying driving factors and user characteristics. Despite these extensive investigations, there are still limited studies focusing on the examination of users using carsharing as a commuting mode. The answers to questions such as what kind of people would like to use carsharing for commuting and why they frequently use carsharing to commute are not clear. To enrich our understanding of these problems, this paper aims to investigate carsharing commuters in a mega city. Specifically, it intends to integrate the actual user order data with survey data from 1,920 participants to uncover the characteristics of carsharing commuters. Data from the Evcard carsharing systems in Shanghai were explicitly analyzed. Through descriptive analysis and logistic regression models, the characteristics and critical factors that affect the choice of carsharing as a commuting mode were captured. The results show that: 1. carsharing commuters mostly live or work in suburban areas in which public transport accessibility is limited; 2. carsharing commuters are more likely to be highly educated, in a higher income bracket, and older than other carsharing members; 3. high-frequency carsharing commuters own a reduced number of private cars; and 4. those high-frequency carsharing commuters with higher income are less sensitive to the carsharing costs caused by congestion. The findings in the study offer some insights into carsharing commuters and provide some supportive information for considering policies in developing carsharing systems in urban areas.

scholarly journals Time Trends and Socio-demographic Differences in Chinese Children's Sugar-sweetened Beverage Consumption (P18-111-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wu ◽  
Yuheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Low Income Families

Abstract Objectives To examine the time trends in Chinese children's sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and how sugar-sweetened beverage consumption varied by socio-demographic variables. Methods A total of 3316 Children aged 6 to 17 were investigated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011. Their sugar-sweetened beverage intake and socio-demographic information were self-reported. Descriptive analysis and chi-squared tests were conducted using SPSS 20.0. Results The percentage of children having consumed sugar-sweetened beverage in the past year increased from 72.0% in 2004 to 90.2% in 2011. More boys consumed sugar-sweetened beverage than girls (81.7% in boys vs. 79.2% in girls, P < 0.05). Living in urban areas (86.2% in urban vs. 78.0% in rural children, P < 0.001), from high-income families (87.6% in high-income vs. 73.4% in children from low-income families, P < 0.001), aged 6–12 years (81.3% in 6–12 vs. 77.9% in the 15–17 age group, P < 0.05). Conclusions Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption has significantly increased among Chinese children. Being boys, living in urban areas, from high-income families, and of younger age are positively associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Funding Sources The present study is funded by a PhD research startup foundation of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Examining the Dietary Diversity of Children in Niger

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2961
Author(s):  
Nafissatou Cisse Egbuonye ◽  
Ariun Ishdorj ◽  
E.L.J. McKyer ◽  
Rahma Mkuu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Factors

Malnutrition is a major public health concern in Niger. The stunting rate in children in Niger is over 50%, one of the highest in the world. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine children’s dietary diversity (CDD) and the maternal factors that impact CDD. A total of 1265 mother–child pairs were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present maternal and child characteristics. To compare the mean scores of CDD in relation to the region, an independent sample t-test was conducted. A one-way ANOVA test was conducted to evaluate the CDD score by different age groups. A linear regression model was estimated to identify household, maternal and child factors that affect the CDD score. Our results indicate that most of the participants of our survey resided in rural areas and the majority (80.7%) of the mothers had no education. Factors such as region, children’s age, woman’s empowerment, vitamin A intake and wealth index were significant predictors of CDD (p < 0.05). The children residing in rural areas were more likely to have lower CDD scores (p < 0.05) than the children in urban areas, therefore becoming more susceptible to malnutrition.

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI RUANG TERBUKA PADA LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Eva Elviana ◽  
Diyan Lesmana
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Karo Batak

The housing environment that appears in many urban areas today, is available in the form of real estate and in the form of simple housing. The existence of these houses is equipped with supporting infrastructure. One of them is the availability of open space as a public facility, which can be utilized by all residents of housing. If you look at the historical aspects of past traditional settlements, such as the Tanean Lanjang Madura settlement, the Samin Bojonegoro Community Village, the Sumatra Karo Batak Village, and so on, it is found that there is open space as a public space. Where the function and role of open space are used for joint activities, gathering places and socializing, as well as the center of orientation of several groups of houses, so that the location tends to be in the center. The purpose of this study is to see the existence of open space of traditional settlements (past) and present. As well as analyzing the activities carried out by the pas community and its current development. By using the method of field observation (observation) and qualitative descriptive analysis, the results show that the existence of open space in the present, such as in residential or residential groups, still exists. If in the past traditional settlements, the existence of open spaces was used as a means to gather and socialize, then in its current development, open space could be used as a means of playing and exercising for children, recreational activities (gathering on holidays), supported economic activities (traders who sell), as well as a means of worship (Eid al-Fitr / Eid al-Adha). This shows the development and diversity of functions and activities in the open space, so that its utilization can increase economic values, religious values and other social values.

scholarly journals Reducing the cost of electricity transmission services of industrial enterprises connected to the electric networks of electric power producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-383
Author(s):  
Anatoly P. Dzyuba
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Transport Component ◽  
The Cost

Reducing the cost of electricity consumption by industrial enterprises is the most important area of increasing the operational efficiency of their activities. The article is devoted to the issue of reducing the cost of paying for the service component of the transport component of purchased electrical energy from industrial enterprises that have technological connection to the electrical networks of electricity producers. The article makes an empirical study of the features of the pricing of payment for the services of the transport component of purchased electrical energy for industrial enterprises connected to the electric grids of electricity producers with the identification of factors influencing the overestimation of the cost of paid electricity, and calculating such overestimations using the example of a typical schedule of electricity consumption of a machinebuilding enterprise for various regions Russia. On the basis of the developed author's indicators (tariff coefficient for electricity transportation by the level of GNP, index of tariff coefficient for electricity transportation, weighted average price for electricity transportation, index of weighted average price for electricity transportation, integral index of efficiency of GNP tariffs) study of the effectiveness of the application of tariffs for the transport of electricity for industrial enterprises connected to the electric networks of electricity producers. Based on the calculated indicators, the article groups the regions into three main groups, with the development of recommendations for managing the cost of purchasing electricity by the component of the cost of the transport component of purchased electricity in each group. As the most optimal option for reducing the cost of electricity transportation, the author proposes the introduction of demand management for electricity consumption, which will reduce the costs of industrial enterprises that pay for the transport component of purchased electricity at unfavorable tariff configurations.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Systems and Net Metering in Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3168-3171
Author(s):  
F. Mavromatakis ◽  
G. Viskadouros ◽  
H. Haritaki ◽  
G. Xanthos
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Local Loads ◽  
Electricity Bill ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Electrical Consumption

The latest measure for the development of photovoltaics in Greece utilizes the net-metering scheme. Under this scheme the energy produced by a PV system may be either consumed by the local loads or be injected to the grid. The final cost reported in an electricity bill depends upon the energy produced by the PV system, the energy absorbed from the grid and the energy injected to the grid. Consequently, the actual electricity consumption profile is important to estimate the benefit from the use of this renewable energy source. The state latest statistics in Greece for households reveal that the typical electrical consumption is 3750 kWh while 10244 kWh are consumed in the form of thermal energy. We adopt in our calculations the above amount of electrical energy but assume four different scenarios. These different hourly profiles are examined to study the effects of synchronization upon the final cost of energy. The above scenarios are applied to areas in different climate zones in Greece (Heraklion, Athens and Thessaloniki) to examine the dependence of the hourly profiles and the solar potential upon the financial data with respect to internal rate of return, payback times, net present value and the levelized cost of energy. These parameters are affected by the initial system cost and the financial parameters.

scholarly journals Analysis of Spatial Distribution of PM2.5 and Human Behavior on Air Pollution in Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
K I Solihah ◽  
D N Martono ◽  
B Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government

Abstract Particulate matter is one of the threatening pollutants harmful to health. Currently, many researchers focus on the problem of PM2.5 concentrations in urban areas. This study aims to estimate the spatial distribution of PM2.5, and identify human behavior on air pollution in Jakarta. The method used were Spline with Tension to build the PM2.5 models, and multiple linear regression models to analyze human behavior on air pollution. The results showed that the annual average of PM2.5 in the last two years tends to be high in western, southern, and eastern parts of Jakarta. In addition, there was a decrease of PM2.5 concentration in 2020 compared to 2019 assumed as a result of Covid-19 Pandemic restrictions. Besides, analysis results showed a significant association between knowledge and attitude aspects on the action aspect. Based on descriptive analysis, people have good knowledge of air pollution and also concern to reduce air pollution. However, the actions for air pollution control are still not maximized which may cause high PM2.5 concentrations in Jakarta. We conclude that to reduce air pollution, the government should focus on the border areas of Jakarta and it can be done by increasing public knowledge and raising awareness for air pollution.

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