scholarly journals Social learning for understanding planning practices at the individual level

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 284-292
Author(s):  
Bahrudin Bahrudin ◽  
Mahyudin Ritonga ◽  
Andino Maseleno ◽  
Miftachul Huda ◽  
Mohd. Hairy Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Legal Sanction ◽  
The People ◽  
Natural Protection ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Learning is a process of getting the knowledge to achieve better change. So people who learn need a process of guidance and direction to change their attitude and behavior to become independent human. In fact, most of people learn through selective observation and remember the behavior of other people in their environment. As has been done by the people who implement social learning program, the people have traditionally had local wisdom in protecting nature from generation to generation. This regulation has come a long way after the enactment of the government policy on natural protection of forest. As in the case of destroying forest, they will be subject to customary legal sanction in the form of fine which must be paid by someone as a form of apology.

scholarly journals Transitional Justice in Rwanda: Analysis of Reconciliation Initiatives in Musha Village

Politologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-148
Author(s):  
Urtė Jakubėnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
National Government ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

The article examines how reconciliation is perceived at the individual level. This particular case study analyses what types of reconciliation practices exist in Musha village and whether or not the inhabitants see it as effective ones. In an attempt to investigate the reconciliation definition from the local people’s perspective and to observe their community-level experiences, ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda has been conducted. This study reveals that locals understand reconciliation in the same way as the government authorities proclaim. Data gathered during this field trip indicate the significance of reconciliation as controlled by the national government. As a consequence, the people are not able, and at the same time, are not really concerned about rethinking reconciliation in other possible ways. Furthermore, this concludes the fact that the central authorities have become able to peacefully construct the narrative of forced reconciliation, while social exclusion in the country still robustly prevails.

Canada’s changing innovation landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Razib Alam ◽  
Bonwoo Koo ◽  
Brian Paul Cozzarin
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Our objective is to study Canada’s patenting activity over time in aggregate terms by destination country, by assignee and destination country, and by diversification by country of destination. We collect bibliographic patent data from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We identify 19,957 matched Canada–US patents, 34,032 Canada-only patents, and 43,656 US-only patents from 1980 to 2014. Telecommunications dominates in terms of International Patent Classification technologies for US-only and Canada–US patents. At the firm level, the greatest number of matched Canada–US patents were granted in the field of telecommunications, at the university level in pharmaceuticals, at the government level in control and instrumentation technology, and at the individual level in civil engineering. We use entropy to quantify technological diversification and find that diversification indices decline over time for Canada and the USA; however, all US indices decline at a faster rate.

scholarly journals Migration, acculturation, and the maintenance of between-group cultural variation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mesoudi
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Learning Processes

AbstractHow do migration and acculturation (i.e. psychological or behavioral change resulting from migration) affect within- and between-group cultural variation? Here I answer this question by drawing analogies between genetic and cultural evolution. Population genetic models show that migration rapidly breaks down between-group genetic structure. In cultural evolution, however, migrants or their descendants can acculturate to local behaviors via social learning processes such as conformity, potentially preventing migration from eliminating between-group cultural variation. An analysis of the empirical literature on migration suggests that acculturation is common, with second and subsequent migrant generations shifting, sometimes substantially, towards the cultural values of the adopted society. Yet there is little understanding of the individual-level dynamics that underlie these population-level shifts. To explore this formally, I present models quantifying the effect of migration and acculturation on between-group cultural variation, for both neutral and costly cooperative traits. In the models, between-group cultural variation, measured using F statistics, is eliminated by migration and maintained by conformist acculturation. The extent of acculturation is determined by the strength of conformist bias and the number of demonstrators from whom individuals learn. Acculturation is countered by assortation, the tendency for individuals to preferentially interact with culturally-similar others. Unlike neutral traits, cooperative traits can additionally be maintained by payoff-biased social learning, but only in the presence of strong sanctioning institutions. Overall, the models show that surprisingly little conformist acculturation is required to maintain realistic amounts of between-group cultural diversity. While these models provide insight into the potential dynamics of acculturation and migration in cultural evolution, they also highlight the need for more empirical research into the individual-level learning biases that underlie migrant acculturation.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL TO ENSURE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kyfyak ◽  
Olena Herenda
Keyword(s):  
Managerial Behavior ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The main focus of this article is on the correlation between employee involvement in management decisions and the growth of both the organization and employees in all areas. The types of managerial behavior are analyzed, within which the main styles are identified, such as: authoritarian and democratic, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, their impact on the workforce and behavior. The article reflects the need to involve employees in order to improve performance and a sense of responsibility, and lists not only the positive side of this implementation, but also possible negative changes. Effective communication and involvement of staff in management decisions create a basis for ensuring the effective functioning of the enterprise. Involvement of employees, in this article, is not seen as a goal or tool, as is practiced in many organizations, but as a philosophy of management and leadership on how best in a healthy environment to realize their abilities, grow, improve and succeed in each unit and organization in general. The article discusses the main forms of participatory management: informal and short-term participation of personnel in management decisions, consultative involvement of employees, attraction of employees to ownership, involvement of employees in control and improvement of processes, involvement of personnel in decisions about company policy, participation in the organization's income, participation in profits of the organization, participation in the management of the organization. A distinctive feature of this method from many systems of remuneration for labor activity is that the latter are built on the recognition of the contribution of an employee of a given organization at the individual level. Participatory governance is based on the recognition of interests all personnel being reciprocal. This leads to the fact that there is an integration of these interests, and workers become more interested in the results of their work. Involving employees in the decision-making process not only reduces outsourcing, which saves money, time and offers the company long-term reliable assistance from employees who have knowledge of all the processes and deep needs of the corporation.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIKA PENERAPAN PIDANA MATI DALAM KONTEKS PENEGAKAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Slamet Tri Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government

Law enforcement without direction and not based on the three pillars of the justice of law, legal certainty and the benefits to society can break the law anyway even violate human rights. As one of the policies of the government that are not considered mencerminakan the values of justice and disturbing for the people, the government policy that acts of omission or delay in the application of the death penalty. This research is a normative legal normative juridical approach. The data collected is secondary data were analyzed using qualitative methods juridical analysis. Based on these results it can be concluded that in the application of the death penalty there are serious legal issues, this is due to government policies that commit omission or delay in the execution of the death penalty is a violation of human rights as stipulated in Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution. Keywords: Death penalty, Justice, Legal Certainty, Law

scholarly journals PERPINDAHAN PEMUKIMAN MASYARAKAT BAJO DARI PULAU MASUDU SULAWESI TENGGARA (Moving of Bajo Community Settlement From Masudu Island, South East Sulawesi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Simon Sirua Sarapang
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
External Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Stages

The movement of people from one area to another can improve the structure of community settlements and socio-economic structures. This paper aims to determine the background of the settlement of the Bajo people from Masudu Island to the coast of Liano Village, the process of relocating the Bajo Community from Masudu Island to the coast of Liano Village, the settlement pattern of the Bajo Community, the socio-economic life of the Bajo community. Data collection consists of three types of study documents, interviews, and observations. The collected data is verified by two stages, namely: verification of internal data, and verification of external data. The next stage is the stage of interpretation which consists of analysis and synthesis. The results showed that the background of the movement of the Bajo people in Liano Village was a factor in the damage to houses due to strong winds and tides, the government policy of inadequate Bajo community income. The process of moving the Bajo community was carried out in stages, starting with the people who lived in the western part of Masudu Island in 1999, by crossing the sea and some people carrying home tools on Masudu Island. The pattern of settlement of Bajo people in the neighborhood Liano village is linearly following the highway with the distance between houses close together. The socio-economic life of the Bajo community in Liano Village is the creation of interactions with other communities on the land and the availability of infrastructure for the Bajo people so that they facilitate activities. ABSTRAK Perpindahan penduduk dari satu daerah ke daerah lainnya dapat memperbaiki struktur pemukiman masyarakat dan struktur sosial ekonomi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latarbelakang perpindahan pemukiman Masyarakat Bajo dari Pulau Masudu ke pesisir pantai Desa Liano, proses perpindahan pemukiman Masyarakat Bajo dari Pulau Masudu ke pesisir pantai Desa Liano, pola pemukiman Masyarakat Bajo, kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Bajo. Pengumpulan data terdiri dari tiga jenis yaitustudi dokumen, wawancara, dan observasi. Data yang telah dikumpulkan tersebut dilakukan verifikasi yang terdiri dari dua tahap yakni: verifikasi data internal, dan verifikasi data eksternal. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah tahap interpretasi yang terdiri dari analisis dan sintesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa latar belakang perpindahan masyarakat Bajo di Desa Liano adalah faktor kerusakan rumah akibat angin kencang dan pasang air laut, kebijakan pemerintah penghasilan masyarakat bajo yang kurang mencukupi. Proses perpindahan masyarakat Bajo dilakukan secara bertahap yang diawali masyarakat yang tinggal di bagian Barat Pulau Masudu pada tahun 1999, dengan menyebrangi laut dan sebagian masyarakat membawa perkakas rumah yang ada di Pulau Masudu. Pola pemukiman masyarakat Bajo di Lingkungan Desa Liano berbentuk linear mengikuti jalan raya dengan jarak antara rumah saling berdekatan. Kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Bajo di Desa Liano adalah terciptanya interaksi dengan masyarakat lain yang ada di darat serta tersedianya prasarana bagi masyarakat Bajo sehingga mempermudah mereka dalam berbagai aktivitas.

scholarly journals Almost at Home in South Sudan: International Christian Humanitarians and the Theopolitics of Recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-164
Author(s):  
Amy Kaler ◽  
John Parkins ◽  
Robin Willey
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Humanitarian Aid Workers ◽  
The People ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relations Of Power

In this study, we examine the experience of international Christian humanitarian aid workers and who work in South Sudan. From interviews with thirty people in east Africa and north America, we derive a relationship between Christianity as our participants understand it, and their modalities of encountering “the other” – the people of South Sudan, who may seem different and unfamiliar, yet who must be met as part of religiously motivated life and work. In terrain of South Sudan, we argue that our participants enact a theopolitics of recognition, in which their emotional and practical connections to the people they serve are triangulated through God. This theopolitics operates almost entirely at the individual level, as personal encounters and work are mediated by the assumption of a shared relationship to God. The people of South Sudan are recognized as both familiar and strange, because they share a posited connection to the divine with humanitarians from the global north. We argue that this recognition is different from other ways of encountering the other found in literature ranging from feminist theory to international development. This study thus adds to scholarly knowledge of faith-based organizations and global humanitarianism. We also argue that while the theopolitical modality makes possible certain kinds of ethical action, it may close off other forms of action based in broader political critiques of global relations of power.

Common feline problem behaviors: Aggression in multi-cat households

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Practical relevance: Being able to understand and intervene in cases of cat–cat aggression in multi-cat households is important for all veterinarians and behavior counsellors dealing with feline behavior cases. Clincal challenges: Feline conflicts are common, perhaps not helped by many owners’ assumption that this is the norm. Interventions can be complex in multi-cat households with large numbers of cats as there are more interactions to evaluate and monitor, and care needs to be taken not to negatively affect the other cats. There may be limitations due to the environment or the people involved and so behavior guidelines should always be tailored to the individual situation. Aims: This article reviews the main forms of aggression in multi-cat households and the appropriate behavioral interventions, considering both the typical scenarios and emotions/motivations most likely involved. It details essential environmental management for multi-cat homes, as well as an approach to friendly cat introductions. Audience: This article is aimed at veterinarians dealing with feline behavior cases as well as behavior counsellors, as both professionals are likely to experience cases of aggression in multi-cat households. Evidence base: The author draws on the published literature where available and, where there is a lack of research, on hypotheses derived from her own clinical behavior experience.

scholarly journals Perception against COVID-19 Threat Affecting the Behavior of Indonesia People Three Months after the Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Putri C. Eyanoer ◽  
Farhat Farhat ◽  
Elvita Rahmi Daulay ◽  
Fotarisman Zaluchu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Actual Health

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, a new behavior has been introduced in the community to prevent COVID-19 transmission following 3 months of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, names this new concept as “the adaptation of new behavior.” However, preventive measures and health protocols encouraged by the government have not yet yielded a significant impact on reducing the COVID-19 positivity rate. This unsuccessful outcome indicates that infective circulation is still occurring caused by incompliant to the health protocol. AIM: This study aimed to measure community perceptions against COVID-19 at the individual level. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a total of 1687 respondents was performed. Questionnaires distributed thru sharing online links which contain questions on perception of vulnerability and severity of COVID-19. Chi-square test used in analysis to determine the difference in perception with respondents’ behavior. RESULTS: A total of 81.7% of respondents who had a perception of “susceptible to contract” performed behavior suited to recommendations and 81.2% study population had a perception of “COVID-19 is severe” executed behavior suited to the recommendation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the establishment of government recommendations for COVID-19 infection did not guarantee the actual health practice/behavior in the community. The existing misconception of the perspective of seriousness/severity and susceptibility would prevent the country from flattening the curve.

scholarly journals MENGUNGKAP KEJADIAN INFEKSI KECACINGAN PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR (STUDI ETNOGRAFI DI DESA TARAMANU KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Suharmiati Suharmiati ◽  
Rochmansyah Rochmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

Helminthic disease including one of the most neglected tropical diseases present in Indonesia, can attack all ages but are more common in school aged children and primary school age. In 2014 the Central Bureau of Statistics data in West Sumba regency recorded 932 cases of worms, and the case is one of infectious diseases caused by parasites. This paper aims to reveal the incidence of worms infection in children of primary school in Taramanu Village, West Sumba regency. Collecting data in the form of participant observation and direct communication in addition to the faeces collection and examination. The result showed that the belief not to bury the faeces obtained since of the ancestors caused the people of West Sumba, especially Taramanu Village less attention to environmental conditions and personal hygiene. This has an impact on the behavior of taramanu community, especially children defecate in any place (shrubs, forests or behind the house) and the habit of not using footwear for daily activities causes the worm life cycle perfectly, and reinforced with the results of laboratory tests, positive infected earthworms, there are even 3 types of worms in 1 child. The real action that can be taken by the community, the government and health workers in reducing the disease of the worm is to break the parasite life cycle that can be done from the individual level is the use of latrine for bowel (jamban) movement and the use of footwear/sandalisasi. In addition, it should be given understanding through the traditional leaders and religious leaders about the use of latrines that the stool is not buried but directly mixed with water.  Abstrak Kecacingan termasuk salah satu penyakit tropis yang terabaikan di Indonesia, dapat menyerang semua usia namun lebih sering terjadi pada anak-anak usia belum sekolah dan usia sekolah dasar. Pada tahun 2014 data Badan Pusat Statistik di Kabupaten Sumba Barat tercatat 932 kasus kecacingan, dan kasus tersebut termasuk salah satu penyakit infeksi akibat parasit. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kejadian infeksi kecacingan pada anak Sekolah dasar di Desa Taramanu Kabupaten Sumba Barat. Pengumpulan data berupa observasi partisipasi serta komunikasi langsung, di samping itu juga dilakukan pengambilan dan pemeriksaan tinja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masyarakat Sumba Barat khususnya Desa Taramanu mempunyai kepercayaan yang diperoleh sejak zaman nenek moyang yaitu tidak mengubur tinja manusia sehingga menyebabkan masyarakat kurang memperhatikan kondisi lingkungan dan kebersihan perorangan. Hal tersebut berdampak pada perilaku masyarakat Desa Taramanu khususnya anak-anak untuk buang air besar (BAB) di sembarang tempat (semak-semak, hutan atau di belakang rumah). Kebiasaan tidak menggunakan alas kaki untuk kegiatan sehari-hari menyebabkan siklus hidup cacing berlangsung sempurna. Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, positif terinfeksi cacing tanah, bahkan terdapat 3 jenis cacing dalam 1 orang anak. Tindakan nyata yang dapat dilakukan oleh masyarakat, pemerintah maupun tenaga kesehatan dalam mengurangi penyakit kecacingan adalah memutus lingkaran hidup parasit yang dapat dilakukan mulai dari tingkat individu adalah penggunaan jamban untuk BAB dan penggunaan alas kaki/sandalisasi. Di samping itu perlu diberikan pemahaman melalui pemuka adat dan pemuka agama tentang penggunaan jamban bahwa tinja tersebut tidak dikubur tetapi langsung bercampur dengan air.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document