scholarly journals Evaluation of chemical resistance inducers in maradol papaya against Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Fredy Ortiz garcía ◽  
Rebeca Rodríguez-Falconi ◽  
Pedro A. Moscoso-Ramírez ◽  
Luz del C. Lagunez-Espinoza ◽  
Francisco Osorio-Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Chemical Inducers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Resistance Inducers ◽  
Experimental Plots

Objective: To test the efficiency of four chemical resistance inducers on Maradol papaya to reduce Phytopthora nicotianae var. parasitica infections in rainfed crops at Chontalpa, Tabasco, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: Three doses of four resistance inducers were tested on 60-day-old papaya plants in a greenhouse with a randomized design, with four replications and 10 plants as experimental plots.  Three days after the inducers' application inoculations with mycelium discs were made, there were negative and positive control treatments to evaluating their efficiency by applying Abbott's formula. Results: The four chemical inducers for resistance (sodium silicate (SS), potassium silicate (PS), potassium phosphite (PF) and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM)) were statistically different from the control (P < 0.0001**). The inducers SS 1 %, PS 1 %, FP 0.35 % and ASM 0.1 mM showed higher effectiveness (81.2, 75.9, 74.7 and 74.0 %). Study limitations/implications: The retained effective concentrations were tested in a single application, and their durability is unknown, so this point should be broadened. however, it may be an alternative for repeated use after transplanting. Findings/conclusions: Optimal concentrations of SS, PS, FP, and AMS, that respond against P. nicotianae var. parasitica infections can reduce damages in rainfed crops.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

PSXIV-14 Supplementation of high-grain diet with red osier dogwood affects in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 477-477
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
And Control

Abstract Red osier dogwood (ROD) is a native shrub plant rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting barley silage with either raw ROD or ROD extract (RODE) in high-grain (HG) diet under a low media pH (5.8) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics in batch cultures. The study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: 1) control diet (10% barley silage and 90% barley concentrate, DM basis), control diet supplemented with 2) monensin (30 mg/kg diet DM; positive control), 3) substitution of 3% ROD or 4) 3% RODE for an equal portion of silage. Inoculum was obtained from 2 ruminally fistulated beef heifers offered the HG diet. Substrate ground (1 mm) was incubated for 24 h and the experiment repeated twice. The GP did not differ among treatments (147 ml/g DM), but the DMD differed (P &lt; 0.02) at highest for control (69.4%), lowest for ROD (58.4%) and intermediate for other treatments (64.1%). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (mM) tended (P&lt; 0.08) to be lower with ROD (80.5) and monensin (80.1) than control (83.9). Acetate proportion was greater (P = 0.02) with ROD (46.2%) and RODE (46.9%) than control (42.4%) and monensin (42.3%). However, the propionate proportion was greater (P = 0.05) with monensin (32.1%) than other treatments (averaged 30.1%). Consequently, acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) of ROD (1.52) and RODE (1.56) was higher than monensin (1.32; P &lt; 0.01) and control (1.44; P &lt; 0.08). Differences in variables measured between ROD and RODE were minimal. These results indicated that the decreased DMD along with increased A:P with addition of ROD or RODE suggests that both ROD and RODE may be beneficial to HG fed cattle for reducing risk of rumen acidosis without negatively impacting fibre digestion.

scholarly journals Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Ketepeng Cina (Senna alata) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Taswin Yacob ◽  
Rita Endriani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Senna Alata ◽  
Treatment Of Infection ◽  
Range Test

The benefit and efficacy of ketepeng cina (Senna alata) in the treatment of infection has shown that have antibacterialactivity, inhibiting and killing bacteria that cause infection. The objective of this study was evaluate the antibacterialactivity of ketepeng cina against Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli in vitro. This study was a laboratoryexperimental research which use completely randomized design with diffusion method. Ethanol extract of Sennaalata leaves devided into 4 doses, i.c. 100, 50, 25 and 12.5. Amoxiclave were used as positive control and aquadestnegative control. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Varian continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Theresult of this study showed that antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract Senna alata leaves inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus, but not Escherichia coli. The optimum effect was showed given by the concentration 100at 17.7 mm.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

PHARMACON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Grace Laury Tulung ◽  
Widdhi Bodhi ◽  
Jainer Pasca Siampa
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Decrease Blood Glucose ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) are known to contain flavonoid compound, and flavonoid are known to decrease blood glucose level by stimulating pancreas beta cells to produce insulin. The aim of this research is to find out wether the ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) has the antidiabetic effectiveness or not. This research used Completely Randomized Design method. There were 15 rats used in this research that were split into 5 groups that is negative control (Aquadest), positive control (Metformin), and ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf with the dosage of 5.4 mg;10.8 mg;21.6 mg. The acquired data were analyzed with ANOVA test and LSD test. The analysis result showed that ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf had antidiabetic effectiveness against male white rat. Keywords:  Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetic, Rattus norvegicus  ABSTRAK  Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) diketahui mengandung zat flavonoid, dimana flavonoid telah diketahui mempunyai kemampuan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan merangsang sel beta pankreas untuk memproduksi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efekivitas antidiabetes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Tikus yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor dan dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (aquadest), kontrol positif (metformin), dan ekstrak etanol daun pegagan dengan dosis 5,4 mg; 10,8 mg; 21,6 mg. Data yang ada dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji LSD. Hasil analisis menujukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efektivitas antidiabetes terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Kata kunci: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetes, Rattus norvegicus

scholarly journals Suplementasi Sari Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) dalam Air Minum terhadap Produktivitas Telur Puyuh

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Lylya Wahyuni ◽  
M R Ramdani ◽  
N O Imama ◽  
V E Larasati ◽  
A R Fahmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Haugh Unit

Supplementation of Averrhoa bilimbi L. juice which contains vitamin C and organic acid in drinking water has been proposed to reduce the effect of heat stress on the quail layer.  So this is expected to increase the productivity of quail and their egg quality. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of A. bilimbi juice supplementation in quail drinking water on quail performance,  physical quality of egg, and egg yolk antioxidant level. Two hundred and forty birds aged 4-5 weeks were maintained for 42 days. A Completely Randomized Design was used in this study with 4 treatments. Each treatment has 4 replications and 15 quails in each replications. Addition of Vita Chick (P0) to the drinking water was used as a positive control. The treatments given were the addition of A. bilimbi extract with different levels of 0% (P1), 2.5% (P2), and  5% (P3) respectively. The variables observed were quail performance, physical egg quality, and egg yolk antioxidant levels. The results showed that the  physical quality of quail eggs obtained were the weight of albumen and egg shells did not different all treatments. The  addition of A. bilimbi juice in drinking water  has affected on the weight and percentage of albumen, eggshell, and Haugh Unit. The addition of 2.5% of A.bilimbi juice (P2)  had the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). However it showed the highest Haugh Unit number of the egg. There was no different effect of the highest dose of A. bilimbi juice (5%, P3) on the egg yolk antioxidant  activity and capacity (41.54%  and 23.91 ppm respectively).  It was concluded that supplementation of A. bilimbi juice in drinker water  could  changed to antistress drug commercial.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Kulit Nanas Fermentasi dalam Ransum yang Mengandung Gulma Berkhasiat Obat Terhadap Konsumsi Nutrient Ayam Broiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Wasir Ibrahim ◽  
Rita Mutia ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Nelwida Nelwida ◽  
Berliana Berliana
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan kulit nanas fermentasi ke dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat terhadap konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan DOC jantan strain cob umur 2 hari sebanyak 200 ekor yang dipelihara selama 42 hari. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. P0 = 0% tepung kulit nanas fermentasi (TKNF) dalam ransum mengandung 0% gulma obat(GO), (kontrol positif), P1 = 0% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma obat (GO),(kontrol negatif), P2 = 7.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P3 = 15% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P4 = 22.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat. Parameter yang diamati kandungan gizi kulit nanas sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi dan konsumsi nutrient. Pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter yang diamati dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan, Data yang diperoleh dari setiap parameter dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) menggunakan bantuan software SPSS 16.0. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kulit nanas yang fermentasi dengan yoghurt dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat pada taraf 15% memberikan hasil terbaik pada konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. (Fermented pineapple peel supplementation with addition of medicinal weeds on nutrient intake consumption of broiler chicken) ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using fermented pineapple peel in the ration containing medicinal weeds on nutrient consumption and performance of broiler . Two hundred 2 days male broiler chicken cob strain were used in this study and kept for 42 days. Completely randomized design (CRD)was applied with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatments consisted of P0 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in ration containing 0% medicinal weed (MW), positive control). P1 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW), negative control). P2 = 7.5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P3 = 15% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P4 = 22,5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). The parameters measured was nutrien intake before and after fermented peel and consumption. The observed data were analyzed by statistical product and service solution (SPSS 16.0). Results showed that use of fermented pineapple peel meal up to 15% with addition medicinal weeds was the best on nutrient consumption of broiler chicken.

Impact of strain and dose of live yeast and yeast derivatives on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a high-grain diet at two pH levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.X. Jiao ◽  
Z.X. He ◽  
S. Ding ◽  
N.D. Walker ◽  
Y.Y. Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Live Yeast

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) or yeast derivatives (YD) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), fermentation characteristics, and microbial profiles in batch culture. The study was a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement: 2 media pH × 5 yeasts × 4 dosages. An additional treatment of monensin (Mon) was added as a positive control for each pH level. Media pH was low (5.8) and high (6.5); the yeasts were three LY (LY1-3) and two YD (YD4-5); and doses were 0, 4 × 106, 8 × 106, and 1.6 × 107 cfu mL−1 for LY and 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg bottle−1 for YD. Substrate consisted of 10% silage and 90% concentrate (DM basis) and samples were incubated for 24 h. Media pH of 6.5 vs. 5.8, increased (P < 0.01) GP, DMD, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations but decreased (P < 0.01) NH3-N concentration and copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Increasing dose of LY2 linearly (P < 0.05) increased DMD. Total VFA concentration was greater with LY2 (P < 0.01) than LY3 and YD5 at pH 6.5. Overall, adding yeast products improved (P < 0.05) DMD at pH 5.8, and increased VFA concentration compared with Mon. These results indicate that in vitro GP and DMD of a high-grain diet varied with source and dose of yeast supplementation. Some yeast products have the potential to improve fermentation of feedlot diets when supplemented at appropriate doses.

scholarly journals Blood glucose and total cholesterol content of hyperglycemic white male rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) after orally intakes of methanol meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) root extract

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHASBI FAHRI ◽  
SUTARNO SUTARNO ◽  
SHANTI LISTYAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
White Male ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Randomized Design

The aims of this research were to study the effect of methanol meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) root extract given to the blood glucose and total cholesterol content, and which level of concentration giving significant effect alloxan treatment. Meniran root contains ellagic acid as antioxidant which provides hypoglycemic capability to reduce diabetic blood glucose. This research was done by using completely randomized design (CRD) including eight treatments as follow: negative control (CMC 1%, 2 mL/200 g bw), positive control (glibenclamide 0,126 mg/200 g bw), normal control, meniran root extract in various concentration (2; 4; 6; 8; 10 mg/200 g bw). Data were elucidated until 15 day of treatment and analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT at 5% confidence level. The result indicated that meniran root extract giving significant effect on the reduction of blood glucose, however, it does not appear to have the same result to total cholesterol content. At various concentration of meniran root extract, the total cholesterol of rat remains stable. The optimum concentration to provide hypoglycemic activity raised at 10 mg/200 b bw dose. 

scholarly journals Probiotic and synbiotic in broiler diet: performance and Enterobacteriaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2365-2372
Author(s):  
P.R.S.C. Leite ◽  
H.B. Oliveira ◽  
V.B.L. Souza ◽  
F.O. Rocha ◽  
T.H. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin ◽  
Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on the performance and Enterobacteriaceae count of broiler chickens. A total of 640 one-day-old male broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates with 20 birds each. The treatments were: ration with performance enhancer (zinc bacitracin; positive control); ration without performance enhancer and probiotic/synbiotic (negative control); ration with probiotics; and ration with synbiotics. At 35 days, five birds from each treatment were euthanized and intestinal contents were harvested for determining the Enterobacteriaceae count. The performance data and average colony-forming units (CFUs) transformed as log CFU/g were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. The effects of probiotics and synbiotics were observed in the initial phase, with supplemented birds exhibiting comparable weight gain to those supplemented with bacitracin. No effect of the treatment on broiler performance was observed after 42 days. The enterobacterial count was comparable among all experimental treatments. Supplementation with probiotics and synbiotics did not compromise the performance of broilers and did not alter the Enterobacteriaceae count.

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