scholarly journals A Proposed Mechanism for Financial Reporting on Sustainable Investment and Its Role in Achieving Value Added - Applied in the Iraqi Midland Refineries Company-

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (130) ◽  
pp. 227-242
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ataallah Ali ◽  
Salman Hussein Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Social Returns ◽  
Sustainable Investment ◽  
New Type

The research aims to develop a proposed mechanism for financial reporting on sustainable investment that takes the specificity of these investments. To achieve this goal, the researcher used (what if scenario) where the future financial statements were prepared for the year 2026, after completion of the sustainable project and operation, as the project requires four years to be completed. The researcher relied on the results of the researchers collected from various modern sources relevant to the research topic and published on the internet, and the financial data and information obtained to assess the reality of the company's activity and its environmental, social, and economic impacts to formulate a proposed mechanism for accounting for Sustainable Investment. And the experimental approach was adopted to provide a proposed mechanism for financial reporting on sustainable investment per international accounting and reporting standards and then applied at the Iraqi Midland refineries company. There are three main findings from the research: the first finding shows the possibility of financing these projects, because this project may not generate significant economic returns (aims to achieve environmental and social returns as well), by configuring a sustainable reserve allocated to finance these projects. The second finding shows the possibility of presenting accounts for sustainable investment separately from traditional accounts (sustainability reserves, sustainable assets, sustainable revenues, sustainability expenses), as this classification can play an important role in the financial sustainability analysis. The third finding is the application of the proposed mechanism that contributes to increase the company's added value. The practical effects of the research are to encourage Iraqi companies (oil companies in particular) to invest in sustainable assets and develop a way to assess the sustainability of companies, because Iraq is one of the most Arab countries burning Gas flare. The researcher tried to highlight this project because it is the best example of sustainable investment that achieves economic returns (the sale value of recovered gases), social returns (protection of citizens living in the vicinity of the refinery) and environmental returns (reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming), where companies avoid investing in these assets because of their high cost and lack of expected financial return, and the relevant international organizations seek to promote this type of investment and develop appropriate tools, and this research comes in line with international trend. The concept of sustainable investment is a relatively recent one, where the originality of the current research shows in its attempt to present a proposed mechanism of financial reporting that supports this new type of investment due to the relative importance of this new type of investment

New Type of Cantilever Crane for High-Speed Railway Track Plate Constructions

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 4474-4477
Author(s):  
Yao Hui Zhang ◽  
Cun Bao Zhao ◽  
Shi Tong Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Railway Construction ◽  
Social Returns ◽  
New Type ◽  
Track Plates ◽  
Construction Task

In China, the high-speed railway construction is growing rapidly currently. As laying the high-speed railways’ track plates accurately is an important part of construction, a large number of multifunctional advanced special cranes are required in order to complete the construction task on time. In the paper, the advanced design and application of the new type large cantilever special crane, which being used in the high-speed railway track plate constructions of Jinghu railway, Huning railway and Guangshengang railway, is introduced. The special main characteristics of the new type multifunctional large cantilever are described, such as easy to be assembled, easy to change the span, the cantilever beams can being folded, can being used in the tunnel, and so on. The successful applications of the new type crane have solved a number of difficulties in the track plate constructions, and have obtained obvious economic returns and social returns.

scholarly journals Does Sustainability Matter for Corporate Performance and Economic Development? Based on the Asia Pacific and North America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungbok Kim ◽  
Sang-Myung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
North America ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Sustainable Investment ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Corporate Level

This paper explores how the sustainable investment impacts financial returns and economic development in of Asia Pacific and North America, utilizing real data empirically. In academia and industrial field, it is polemical that indeed, the sustainable behavior has economic returns. In order to clarify that, we tested hypotheses with an analysis of seven stock markets, accounting of rates such as ROI, ROIC, and ROA in eleven companies, and GDP/GNI per capita. The results indicate that both financial return and economic development are positively germane to the sustainable investment. Besides, the variance of sustainability to economic development exists, depending on GDP per capita between two regions. We conclude, concerning the sustainability, by corroborating micro perspective for corporate level and macro perspective of economic development in the private and public sector. This research consequence will be interested in both practitioners and researchers in the measurement of sustainability performance

scholarly journals Mandatory ESG Reporting and XBRL Taxonomies Combination: ESG Ratings and Income Statement, a Sustainable Value-Added Disclosure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8876
Author(s):  
Alessio Faccia ◽  
Francesco Manni ◽  
Fabian Capitanio
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Comprehensive Income ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Sustainability Disclosure ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Other Comprehensive Income

Corporate financial statements address multiple stakeholders’ needs. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), among others, allow two different classifications, “by function of expense” and “by nature of expense”, for the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the period (from now on, also identified in short as “Income Statement”, or “IS”). XBRL standards ensure compliance and consistency in financial statements’ drafting and filing. XBRL taxonomies reflect the Income Statement IFRS disclosure requirement in the {310000} and {320000} codifications, respectively. Given the recent EU enhanced regulations that proposed extend mandatory ESG reporting to SMEs, this study aims to design and recommend an additional Income Statement to embed structured Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure. A restatement of the IS is organised following an adjusted Value-Added perspective to fit the purpose of sustainability disclosure. The above-mentioned Income Statement should be suitable and adaptable for entities of any size and operating in any industry. This goal can be achieved through customised input weighting. Therefore, this applied research can fill a current financial ESG disclosure gap, ensuring financial statements’ comparability and encouraging additional mandatory disclosures through standardisation. Two more items in the XBRL (IFRS-based) structure are suggested, leading to the introduction of one fully structured statement “{330000}—Statement of comprehensive income, profit or loss, by Added Value, ESG based” and a semi-structured “{814000}—Notes—ESG Ratings and Reporting” to better discuss and disclose the assumptions and results of the ESG Statement.

Sustainable 2,5-furandicarboxylic synthesis by a direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (88) ◽  
pp. 13611-13614
Author(s):  
Jialu Wang ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Guozhong Wang ◽  
Yunxia Zhang ◽  
Haimin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
New Type

A new type of direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx/CB catalyst not only transformed chemical energy into electric energy but also converted HMF into value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic (FDCA).

Implementasi Analisis Proses Bisnis Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Biaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Aniek Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
The Cost

Business Process Analysis can be used to eliminate or reduce a waste cost caused by non value added activities that exist in a process. This research aims at evaluating activities carried out in the natural material procurement process in the PT XYZ, calculating the effectiveness of the process cycle, finding a way to improve the process management, and calculating the cost reduction that can achieved by activity management. A case study was the approach of this research. The researcher obtained research data throughout deep interviews with the staff who directly involved in the process, observation, and documentation of natural material procurement. The result of this study show that the effectiveness of the process cycle of natural material procurement in the factory reached as much as 87,1% for the sand material and 72% for the crushed stone. This indicates that the process still carry activities with no added value and still contain ineffective costs. Through the Business Process Mechanism, these non value added activities can be managed so that the process cycle becomes more efficient and cost effectiveness is achieved. The result of the effective cycle calculation after the management activities implementation is 100%. This means that the cost of natural material procurement process has become effective. The result of calculation of the estimated cost reduction as a result of management activity is as much as Rp249.026.635,90 per year.

KOMPARASI KINERJA KEUANGAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) PADA PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI DI JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Dwi Urip Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
Income Statement

This study aims to compare financial performance through profitability generated by two market participants in the witness transportation service industry in Jakarta, namely PT. BB compared to PT. ETU, this assessment is measured not limited to the profit generated but more than that by measuring financial added value through the concept of Eonomic Value Added produced by the two companies. The population in this study were all taxi transportation service companies in Jakarta. The sampling method selected two taxi companies that have the largest market share in DKI Jakarta, namely BB Taxi and ETU Taxi. The test analysis used in this study is ratio analysis through profit calculation and economic added value from the annual income statement. This study shows that there are (a) determination of the ratio of profit levels, (b) Determination of the comparison of economic value added of the two companies. Keywords :  Financial performance, Economic Value Added (EVA)

scholarly journals Valorization of Kiwi by-Products for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds: Circular Economy Model

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
María Carpena ◽  
Bernabé Nuñez-Estevez ◽  
Miguel A. Prieto ◽  
Jesus Simal-Gandara
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
By Products

Currently, agricultural production generates large amounts of organic waste, both from the maintenance of farms and crops, and from the industrialization of the product. Generally, these wastes are accumulated in landfills or burned, sometimes causing environmental problems. However, many scientific studies suggest that these residues are rich in bioactive compounds, so these matrices could be revalued for their use in food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries. In this way, the circular and sustainable economy is favored, while obtaining products with high added value. In this case, this approach is applied to the residues generated from kiwi production, since numerous studies have shown the high content of kiwi in bioactive compounds of interest, such as phenolic compounds, vitamins, and carotenoids. These compounds have been reported for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, among other beneficial properties for health such as its use as prebiotic. Therefore, this article reviews the potential of residues derived from industrial processing and agricultural maintenance of kiwi as promising matrices for the development of new nutraceutical, cosmetic, or pharmacological products, obtaining, at the same time, economic returns and a reduction of the environmental impact of this industry, attaching it to the perspective of the circular economy.

scholarly journals Upgrading pyrolytic residue from waste tires to commercial carbon black

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Hengxiang Li ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
Li’e Jin ◽  
Fumeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Commercial Carbon

The managing and recycling of waste tires has become a worldwide environmental challenge. Among the different disposal methods for waste tires, pyrolysis is regarded as a promising route. How to effectively enhance the added value of pyrolytic residue (PR) from waste tires is a matter of great concern. In this study, the PRs were treated with hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids in turn under ultrasonic waves. The removal efficiency for the ash and sulfur was investigated. The pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) obtained after treating PR with acids was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, laser Raman spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and physisorption apparatus. The properties of PCB were compared with those of commercial carbon black (CCB) N326 and N339. Results showed PRs from waste tires were mainly composed of carbon, sulfur, and ash. The carbon in PCB was mainly from the CCB added during tire manufacture rather than from the pyrolysis of pure rubbers. The removal percentages for the ash and sulfur of PR are 98.33% (from 13.98 wt % down to 0.24 wt %) and 70.16% (from 1.81 wt % down to 0.54 wt %), respectively, in the entire process. The ash was mainly composed of metal oxides, sulfides, and silica. The surface properties, porosity, and morphology of the PCB were all close to those of N326. Therefore, PCB will be a potential alternative of N326 and reused in tire manufacture. This route successfully upgrades PR from waste tires to the high value-added CCB and greatly increases the overall efficiency of the waste tire pyrolysis industry.

scholarly journals Calculating Value Added of Prostitution with Multiple Data: A New Approach for Belgium

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stef Adriaenssens ◽  
Jef Hendrickx
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Starting Point

Economic output implies that underground sectors such as prostitution are taken into account. This article presents an innovative methodology to measure turnover and added value in prostitution based on a combination of observational and Internet data. The method is applied to Belgium. Turnover is broken down in transactions and price per segment. The starting point is an observation-based measure of turnover in one locational and visible segment of the market: window prostitution. Fundamental differences between segments make linear generalizations from one segment invalid. Therefore, we estimate the relative size of transactions in other segments (such as brothels or escort) with Internet data. In combination with measures of average price per transaction, a consolidated estimate of turnover in prostitution in Belgium is measured. Estimates of nonresident production are based on data on sex workers’ country of origin. Several bootstrap replications allow for robustness checks of the delta-based standard errors.

NILAI TAMBAH PENGOLAHAN KANGKUNG HIDROPONIK MENJADI KANGKUNG RENDANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Indrawaty Sitepu ◽  
Nurmely Violeta Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
A Value ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang merupakan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah, menghasilkan produk yang dapat dikonsumsi, serta menambah pendapatan dan keuntungan produsen.Tujuan penelitian untuk menguraikan apa saja tahapan pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangukung rendang, menganalisis biaya produksi, penerimaan, dan pendapatan, menganalisis nilai tambah pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang, menganalisis apakah usaha pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang layak diusahakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jalan Bromo lorong Amal Medan Denai Kota Medan. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara purposive, Metode pengambilan sampel secara sensus yaitu usaha Syifa Hidroponik dengan pengambilan data ulangan selama 2,5 bualan sebanyak 10 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian: 1) Tahapan  pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang yaitu:  Penyediaan bahan baku kangkung hidroponik, kangkung dihaluskan, pengadonan kangkung, telur ayam, tepung beras dan garam, kangkung dikukus, kangkung didinginkan, dipotong-potong, digoreng, pemasakan bumbu rendang, pencampuran kangkung yang digoreng dengan bumbu rendang dan pemasaran. Total biaya pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang untuk sekali produksi sebesar Rp 545.291,83, penerimaan sebesar Rp 1.500.000,00, per sekali produksi dan pendapatan sebesar Rp 954.708,17 per sekali produksi. Nilai tambah yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang tergolong tinggi dengan rasio nilai tambah 75,31% > 50%.Usaha pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang layak untuk diusahakan dengan nilai R/C rasio 2,75 > 1.  Abstract  Hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is an activity that can increase added value, produce edible products, as well as increase producer income and profits. The purpose of the research is to describe what are the stages of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang kangukung, analyze production costs, revenue, and income, analyze added value of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach, analyzing whether the business of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is worth the effort. This research was conducted in Jalan Bromo Amal Medan Denai alley Medan City. Determination of the study area was done purposively, census sampling method that is Syifa Hydroponic business with retrieval data retrieval for 2.5 boasting as many as 10 replications. The results of the study: 1) The stages of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach, namely: Provision of raw materials for hydroponic water spinach, crushed water spinach, stirring water spinach, chicken eggs, rice flour and salt, steamed water spinach, water spinach water spinach, cut into pieces, fried, fried spicy water spinach, cooking water spinach kale, chicken egg, rice flour and salt, steamed water spinach, water spinach kangkung cooled, cut, fried, cooking spices, rendang, mixing fried kale with spicy rendang and marketing. The total cost of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach for one production is Rp. 545,291.83, revenue is Rp. 1,500,000.00, per production and income is Rp. 954,708.17 per production. The added value generated from the processing of hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is classified as high with a value added ratio of 75.31%> 50%. The business of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is feasible to be cultivated with an R / C ratio of 2.75> 1.  

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