scholarly journals Zamierzenia prokreacyjne a możliwość ich realizacji w kontekście czynników biologicznych

2013 ◽  
pp. 11-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Tymicki
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Time To Pregnancy ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reproductive Ageing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The article presents both theoretical and empirical aspects of studies on fertility intentions in the context of factors shaping fecundity. In most contemporary societies couples declare their preference for two children. These declarations stand in opposition to registered total fertility rates, both period and cohort rates, which rarely reach value of 2 in Europe. The gap between fertility intentions and their realization might be partially explained by the impact of reproductive ageing (biological factors) which may play an increasingly significant role due to postponement of childbearing. A natural pattern of a decrease in fecundity over age might influence on reproductive outcome of women who postpone to conceive a child, and consequently results in an increased risk of involuntary childlessness or lower parity progression ratios. The data coming from the Generations and Gender Survey in Poland (GGS-PL) makes it possible to check the main hypothesis about an age-specific decrease in fecundity, which is manifested by a prolonged waiting time to pregnancy. The data were collected via the retrospective questions included into the GGS-PL questionnaire. Results show that there is a significant increase in waiting time to pregnancy among women older than 34 years. This finding supports theoretical predictions concerning the age-related decrease in fecundity. Its relevance is discussed by referring to explanations of the gap between fertility intentions and completed fertility in terms of voluntary and involuntary childlessness, as well as biological factors related to reproductive ageing.

scholarly journals Haplotypes of HTRA1 rs1120638, TIMP3 rs9621532, VEGFA rs833068, CFI rs10033900, ERCC6 rs3793784, and KCTD10 rs56209061 Gene Polymorphisms in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Liutkeviciene ◽  
Alvita Vilkeviciute ◽  
Greta Gedvilaite ◽  
Kriste Kaikaryte ◽  
Loresa Kriauciuniene
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Exudative Amd ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Background. To determine the impact of HTRA1 rs1120638, TIMP3 rs9621532, VEGFA rs833068, CFI rs10033900, ERCC6 rs3793784, and KCTD10 rs56209061 genotypes on the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Lithuanian population. Methods. A total of 916 subjects were examined: 309 patients with early AMD, 301 patients with exudative AMD, and 306 healthy controls. The genotyping of HTRA1 rs11200638, TIMP3 rs9621532, VEGFA rs833068, CFI rs10033900, ERCC6 rs3793784, and KCTD10 rs56209061 was carried out using the RT-PCR method. Results. Our study showed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs3793784 and rs11200638 were associated with increased odds of early and exudative AMD, and the variant in KCTD10 (rs56209061) was found to be associated with decreased odds of early and exudative AMD development after adjustments for age and gender in early AMD analysis and after adjustments only for age in exudative AMD. The haplotype containing two minor alleles C-A and the G-A haplotype in rs3793784-rs11200638 were statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of exudative AMD development after adjustment for age, while the G-G haplotype showed a protective role against early and exudative AMD and the haplotype C-G in rs3793784-rs11200638 was associated with a decreased risk only of exudative AMD development. Conclusions. Our study identified two markers, rs11200638 and rs3793784, as risk factors for early and exudative AMD, and one marker, rs56209061, as a protective factor for early and exudative AMD development. The haplotypes constructed of rs3793784-rs11200638 were found to be associated with AMD development, as well.

The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3098-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Giovanni G. Camici
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people.

scholarly journals Dual Effects of Hearing Loss and Dementia on Functional Limitations in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Michael McKee ◽  
Yunshu Zhou ◽  
Joshua Ehrlich ◽  
Elham Mahmoudi ◽  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Household Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Mobility ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Age-related hearing loss (HL) is both common and associated with elevated risk for cognitive decline and poorer health. To care for an aging population, it is critical to understand the effect of coexisting HL and dementia on functional activities. The effect of co-existing dementia and self-reported HL on daily functioning were assessed. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationally-representative data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study consisting of U.S. adults 65+. The sample included 1,829 adults with HL (22.8%) and 5,338 adults without HL. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to model the independent effects and interaction of self-reported HL and dementia status on three validated functional activity scales (self-care, mobility, and household). All analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and medical factors. HL participants were more likely to be white, older, male, less educated (p <0.01). 8.4% had possible dementia and 6.5% had probable dementia. Respondents with HL or possible or probable dementia had significantly lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores (p<.001 for all comparisons) compared to their peers. A small yet significant interaction was present in all models, suggesting that HL respondents with co-occurring dementia had lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores than predicted by the independent effects of dementia and self-reported HL (p<.001 for all comparisons). Older adults with co-occurring dementia and HL are at increased risk for poor functioning and should be screened by healthcare providers. Future work should consider the impact of intervention in this vulnerable/at-risk population.

Abstract T P136: Potential Contributors to the Declining Impact of Stroke Risk Factors with Age: Implications for Stroke Epidemiology in the Elderly

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Howard ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
David C Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

Purpose: The importance of stroke research in the elderly is increasing as America is “graying.” For most risk factors for most diseases (including stroke), the magnitude of association with incident events decreases at older ages. Potential changes in the impact of risk factors could be a “true” effect, or could be due to methodological issues such as age-related changes in residual confounding. Methods: REGARDS followed 27,748 stroke-free participants age 45 and over for an average of 5.3 years, during which 715 incident strokes occurred. The association of the “Framingham” risk factors (hypertension [HTN], diabetes, smoking, AFib, LVH and heart disease) with incident stroke risk was assessed in age strata of 45-64 (Young), 65-74 (Middle), and 75+ (Old). For those with and without an “index” risk factor (e.g., HTN), the average number of “other” risk factors was calculated. Results: With the exception of AFib, there was a monotonic decrease in the magnitude of the impact across the age strata, with HTN, diabetes, smoking and LVH even becoming non-significant in the elderly (Figure 1). However, for most factors, the increasing prevalence of other risk factors with age impacts primarily those with the index risk factor absent (Figure 2, example HTN as the “index” risk factor). Discussion: The impact of stroke risk factors substantially declined at older ages. However, this decrease is partially attributable to increases in the prevalence of other risk factors among those without the index risk factor, as there was little change in the prevalence of other risk factors in those with the index risk factor. Hence, the impact of the index risk factor is attenuated by increased risk in the comparison group. If this phenomenon is active with latent risk factors, estimates from multivariable analysis will also decrease with age. A deeper understanding of age-related changes in the impact of risk factors is needed.

scholarly journals Do costs and benefits of children matter for religious people? Perceived consequences of parenthood and fertility intentions in Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Christoph Bein ◽  
Monika Mynarska ◽  
Anne H. Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Perceived Consequences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceived Costs

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the positive relationship between religiosity and fertility from the perspective of perceived consequences of parenthood. Previous studies in Germany have found that highly religious people ascribe higher benefits and lower costs to having children. Furthermore, the impact of costs and benefits on fertility is less pronounced among the highly religious. This study tested these mechanisms for fertility intentions and in the context of Poland – a country with a low fertility rate and high religiosity in comparison to other European countries. A sample of 4892 men and women of childbearing age from the second wave of the Polish version of the Generations and Gender Survey conducted in 2014/2015 was used. First, the extent to which perceived costs and benefits mediate the impact of religiosity on fertility intentions was analysed. Second, whether religiosity moderates the impact of perceived costs and benefits on fertility intentions was investigated. The results show that part of the positive effect of religiosity on fertility intentions can be explained by more-religious people seeing higher benefits of having children. Furthermore, but only in the case of women, religiosity moderates the impact of perceived costs on fertility intentions, suggesting that the effect of perceived costs decreases with increasing religiosity.

scholarly journals Value Orientations and Fertility Intentions of Finnish Men and Women

2003 ◽  
pp. 201-226
Author(s):  
Anneli Miettinen ◽  
Pirjo Paajanen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Childbearing Intentions ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

In thispaper we examine howpersona! values and attitudes are related to childbearingintentions among 18-40-year-old Finnish men and women. Wefocus on religiousand individualistic values and on attitudes towardschildrenand thefamily, as well asattitudes towards work and gender roles. The impact of value and attitude orientationsand situationalfactors onfertility decision-making are investigated separatelyat parities 0, 1 and 2 using logistic regression. Our study uses a subsample of 1,237men andwomen drawnfrom thePPA2survey ofthe attitudes ofFinns towardsfamilyand children,family policy measures, values in life as well as theirfertility intentions.Wefind that information on persona! values and attitudes does increase our knowledgeon determinants of childbearing intentions and decision-making, although notali our initial hypotheses concerning the association, or direction of the association,between certain attitudes and fertility intentions were confirmed in the data. Religiousvalues, as well as work-relatedattitudes and individualistic values appeared tohave little bearing on childbearing intentions, while various attitudes towards childrenwere related to intentions to have (more) children. In addition, a conservativefamilistic attitude was related to intentions as well as gender role attitudes. The impactof values and attitudes varied by parity, providing support to the nation thatchildbearing decisions are made sequentially".

scholarly journals Oral Intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 by Middle-Aged Rats for One Week Improves Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction in Both the Femoral Artery and Vein: Role of Cyclooxygenases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Gaertner ◽  
Cyril Auger ◽  
Muhammad A. Farooq ◽  
Brigitte Pollet ◽  
Sonia Khemais-Benkhiat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Partial Relaxation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

In humans, aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Although intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at a ratio of 6:1 by old rats improved the endothelial dysfunction in arteries, the impact on veins remains unclear. Eight-month-old male Wistar rats were either untreated or orally administered corn oil, EPA:DHA 1:1, or EPA:DHA 6:1 (500 mg/kg/d) for seven days. Vascular reactivity was studied by myography. In middle-aged femoral artery rings, acetylcholine caused a partial relaxation at low concentrations and a contractile response at high concentrations, whereas in the old femoral vein only a partial relaxation was observed. The EPA:DHA 6:1 treatment blunted the contractile response to acetylcholine in the middle-aged femoral artery and both EPA:DHA 6:1 and 1:1 increased the relaxation to acetylcholine in the old femoral vein. No such effects were observed with corn oil. Both the non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 increased the relaxation to acetylcholine in the middle-aged femoral artery whereas the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 increased that in the middle-aged femoral vein. In conclusion, our results indicate that aging is associated with an endothelial dysfunction in the femoral artery and vein, which can be improved by EPA:DHA 6:1 treatment—most likely via a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism.

scholarly journals Sex and gender differences in control of blood pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Maranon ◽  
Jane F. Reckelhoff
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Androgen Levels

In recent years, the interest in studying the impact of sex steroids and gender on the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease has been growing. Women are protected from most cardiovascular events compared with men until after menopause, and postmenopausal women are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications compared with premenopausal women. The pathophysiological mechanisms have not been elucidated, but are not likely to be as simple as the presence or absence of oestrogens, since hormone replacement therapy in elderly women in the Women's Health Initiative or HERS (Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study) did not provide primary or secondary prevention against cardiovascular events. Men are also thought to be at risk of cardiovascular disease at earlier ages than women, and these mechanisms too are not likely to be as simple as the presence of testosterone, since androgen levels fall in men with cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. In fact, many investigators now believe that it is the reduction in androgen levels that frequently accompanies chronic disease and may exacerbate cardiovascular disease in men. In the present review, the roles of sex steroids and gender in mediating or protecting against hypertension and cardiovascular disease will be discussed.

scholarly journals Age difference in the combined effect of soda drinks consumption and body adiposity on hyperuricemia in US adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Wei-Ting Lin ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Kao ◽  
Hui-Yi Lin ◽  
Mirandy S. Li ◽  
Ting Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective: To evaluate age-related differences in the independent/combined association of added sugar intake from soda and body adiposity with hyperuricemia in gender stratified US adults. Design: Consumption of added sugar from soda was calculated from 24-h dietary interviews and categorized into none, regular, and excessive consumption. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels >7 mg/dL in men and >6 mg/dL in women. Multiple regression models with interaction terms and logistic models adjusted for covariates were conducted under survey-data modules. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2007-2016. Participants: 15,338 adults without gout, failing kidneys, an eGFR<30 or diabetes were selected. Results: The age stratified prevalence rate of hyperuricemia was 18.8-20.4% in males and 6.8-17.3% in females. Hyperuricemia prevalence of approximately 50% was observed in young and middle age males who consumed excessive added sugar from soda. Excessive added sugar intake was observed to be associated with a 1.5- to 2.0- fold and 2.0- to 2.3- fold increased risk of the probability of hyperuricemia in young and middle age males and middle age females, respectively. Study participants, regardless of age or gender, who were obese and consumed excessive added sugar from soda had the highest risk of having hyperuricemia. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the association between hyperuricemia and consumption of excessive added sugar from soda may vary by age and gender. Obese adults who consumed excessive added sugar from soda had the highest risk of hyperuricemia, a finding that was found across all age-specific groups for both genders.

scholarly journals Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan [Arabic]

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kawar
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Employment Characteristics

This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed adulthood. It looks at a specific “time” in the social and economic lives of households and individuals. Within this context, the paper constructs a profile of employment characteristics of adult household members to explore the intersecting influences of age and gender and the specific positions of young women. It then addresses how normative gender and generation hierarchies within households respond to these phenomena of young women’s work, their prolonged single status, and their expanding horizons.

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