scholarly journals Extraction of Beta-Carotene as Natural Dyes from Cucumis Melo Via Soxhlet Extraction Method

Natural dyes are pronounced as an interesting alternative to fabricated dyes. Accordingly, the attractive demand to develop the extraction techniques of the best ingredients of solid and liquid for natural dyes colorants from fruits materials and their application in human life. Extraction is processed using solvents or using modern techniques like ultrasonication and microwave. In this respect, the extraction of natural colorant from Cucumis melo has been investigated as a model. Determination of the structure of active ingredients was performed conducted by UV spectroscopy and gravimetrical analysis. Through the analysis of the results, it will be confirmed that the dye extracted from Cucumis melo of intense color is beta-carotene, which is considered as one of the most colored dyes. Therefore, we recommend using such dyes in the industrial fields especially for coloring and decorating sweets.

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Hassan Abdallah Almahy ◽  
Hamada Hamada Abdel-Razik ◽  
Yaser Abdel-Moemen El-Badry

Natural dyes are pronounced as an interesting alternative to fabricated dyes. Accordingly, the attractive demand to develop the extraction techniques of the best ingredients of solid and liquid for natural dyes colorants from fruits materials and their application in human life have been grown. Extraction is processed using solvents or using modern techniques like ultrasonication and microwave. Current extraction of natural colorant from Cucumis melo has been performed using percolate technique as a model extraction method as well as applying ultrasonication. In the ultrasonication technique, samples were extracted with methanol in an ultrasonic cleaning bath by indirect sonication to yield ultrasonic extracts. Determination of the structure of active ingredients was performed conducted by UV spectroscopy. The dye extracted from Cucumis melo of intense color was proven to be β-carotene, a successful increment by 12.5% yield has been reported for the ultrasonic extraction process. β-carotene as a cortenoid which has antioxidant properties is the major carotenoid in cantaloupe. According to its health benefits, the β-carotene content in fruits is of great interest to the food industry and to melon breeders. Moreover, the determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents for the percolation and ultrasonic extracts have been successfully attained. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride method, respectively. the percolation extraction method had 176.0 mg.g-1 as the least total phenolic contents compared to ultrasonic extraction method (183.2 mg∙g-1). The total flavonoid content of Cucumis melo flesh was varied from 59.6, and 71.4 mg CE g-1 possessed by percolation and ultrasonic extracts, respectively.


2018 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Darula

Three elements mainly wind, water and sun seemed to determine in ancient ages the basic phenomena of life on Earth. Architectural history documented the importance of sun influence on urban and building construction already in layouts of Mesopotamian and Greek houses. Not only sun radiation but especially daylight played a significant role in the creation of indoor environment. Later, in the 20th century, a search of interaction between human life in buildings and natural conditions were studied considering well­being and energy conscious design recently using computer tools in complex research and more detail interdisciplinary solutions. At the same time the restricted daytime availability of natural light was supplemented by more efficient and continually cheaper artificial lighting of interiors. There are two main approaches to standardize the design and evaluation of indoor visual environment. The first is based on the determination of the minimum requirements respecting human health and visibility needs in all activities while the second emphasizes the behaviour and comfort of occupants in buildings considering year­around natural changes of physical quantities like light, temperature, noise and energy consumption. The new current standardization basis for daylight evaluation and window design criteria stimulate the study of methodology principles that historically were based on the overcast type of sky luminance pattern avoiding yearly availability of sky illuminance levels. New trends to base the daylight standardization on yearly or long­term availability of daylight are using the averages or median sky illuminance levels to characterise local climatological conditions. This paper offers the review and discussion about the principles of the natural light standardization with a short introduction to the history and current state, with a trial to focus on the possible development of lighting engineering and its standards in future.


1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Ольга Віговська

У статті теоретично обґрунтовано феномен конструктивного самозбереження особистості як ознаки самоактуалізації, розкриття власного потенціалу і побудови перспективи розвитку особистості та емпірично виявлено ознаки психологічної детермінації домінуючого інстинкту у конструктивній самореалізації жінок з різним соціальним статусом. Зазначено, що проблема самозбереження асоціюється з особливостями прояву інстинкту самозбереження людини, але потреби вищого порядку зумовлюють соціальну природу її поведінки, яка локалізована у найвищій точці самореалізації. Теоретично обгрунтовано, що самореалізація визначає тенденцію раціональної організації життя людини та проявляється у її почутті задоволеністю життям. З’ясовано, що психологічну основу конструктивного самозбереження становлять індивідуально-типологічні характеристики людини, які відображають психофізіологічні та психосоціальні резерви самореалізації особистості. Розроблена програма емпіричного дослідження, а також комплекс використаних методів математичної обробки результатів дослідження дає змогу конкретизувати психологічний зміст детермінації домінуючого інстинкту у конструктивній самореалізації жінок вікового діапазону 35-45 років та з різним соціальним статусом. У жінок, які виховують проблемну (хвору) дитину, домінує інстинкт "егофільного типу", що виражається у їх надмірному егоцентризмі і супроводжується низькими показниками самоактуалізації, на відміну від досліджуваних жінок, які виховують здорових дітей і у яких на фоні вираженої тенденції до самоактуалізації домінує базовий інстинкт "дослідницького типу" та "лібертофільного типу". This article theoretically proves constructive phenomenon of self identity as signs of self-disclosure own potential and prospects of development of individual construction. In addition, it empirically showes signs of psychological determination of the dominant instinct in a constructive self-determination of women with different social statuses. It was noted that the issue of self-preservation is associated with the peculiarities of manifestation of self-preservation instinct of man, but it needs higher-order cause social nature of the behavior that is localized at the highest point of self-realization. It theorized that self-realization determines the trend of rational organization of human life and manifests itself in its sense of life satisfaction. It was found that the psychological basis of constructive self-preservation of the individual make individually-typological characteristics of a person that reflect physiological and psychosocial reserves of self-realization. The developed program of empirical research, as well as the methods used complex mathematical processing of results of research allows to specify the content of the psychological determination of the dominant instinct of constructive self-realization а women age range of 35-45 years and with different social status. Women who bring up the problem child dominates the instinct of self-preservation, which is reflected in their excessive self-centeredness, and is accompanied by low levels of self-actualization, as opposed to the study of women who are raising healthy children and that against the backdrop of a pronounced tendency to self-actualization, dominated by basic instinct "research type" and "independent type."


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-318
Author(s):  
I Made Putra Aryana

This article aims to put forward the learning design so that learning runs well, accompanied by anticipatory steps to minimize the gaps that occur so that learning activities achieve the goals set. The writing of this article uses the literature study method taken from various sources about learning. A teacher needs to have the ability to design and implement a variety of learning strategies that are considered suitable with the interests, talents and in accordance with the level of student development, including utilizing various sources and learning media to ensure the effectiveness of learning. The essence of learning design is the determination of optimal learning methods to achieve the stated goals. There is no learning model that can provide the most effective recipe for developing a learning program. The determination of the design model to develop a learning program depends on the designer's consideration of the model to be used or chosen. The educational process is a series of efforts to guide, direct the potential of human life in the form of basic abilities and personal lives as individual and social creatures and in their relationship with the natural surroundings to become responsible individuals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Benito Ramiro Salas-Menocal ◽  
Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García

The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.


Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Hwee-Yeong Ng ◽  
Wen-Chin Lee ◽  
Chia-Te Kung ◽  
Lung-Chih Li ◽  
Chien-Te Lee ◽  
...  

Milk is a necessity for human life. However, it is susceptible to contamination and adulteration. Microfluidic analysis devices have attracted significant attention for the high-throughput quality inspection and contaminant analysis of milk samples in recent years. This review describes the major proposals presented in the literature for the pretreatment, contaminant detection, and quality inspection of milk samples using microfluidic lab-on-a-chip and lab-on-paper platforms in the past five years. The review focuses on the sample separation, sample extraction, and sample preconcentration/amplification steps of the pretreatment process and the determination of aflatoxins, antibiotics, drugs, melamine, and foodborne pathogens in the detection process. Recent proposals for the general quality inspection of milk samples, including the viscosity and presence of adulteration, are also discussed. The review concludes with a brief perspective on the challenges facing the future development of microfluidic devices for the analysis of milk samples in the coming years.


2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S417-S420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Doležal ◽  
J. Kertisová ◽  
Z. Zelinková ◽  
J. Velíšek

Objective of this work was determination of processing contaminant known as 3-MCPD (3-chloropropane-1,2-diol) in its free and bound form in breads with defined parameters of processing. Selected and analysed were 24 samples, which represented two sets of breads produced in bakeries equipped with a continual line. In all cases determinations were carried out for breadcrumb and crust separately. The first set of samples were wheat-rye breads produced chronologically in ten days in the bakery Michelská pekárna, slightly different in temperatures and times of baking. The second set contained 14 samples of wheat-rye breads with a content of rye flour less than 40% differing in the yeast type and acidity. These breads were produced in the bakery Kontinua. The fat content was determined in all samples by Soxhlet extraction. Free and bound 3-MCPD was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Concentration of free 3-MCPD in samples was at interval < 9–54.5 &mu;g/kg. Concentration of bound 3-MCPD was at interval 1.56–23.60 mg/kg of fat (i.e. 5.7–84.9 &mu;g/kg of sample).


2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Andrejs Vilks

The author of the article turns attention to the phenomenon of human life, recognizing it as the value which is hard and complicated to define. The price of a human life comprises philosophical, political, sociological and legal issues. From the legal and philosophical aspect the price of a human life is practically impossible to determine, since it is worth the highest price. Determination of the price of human life means admitting that a human is the measure of value in a certain community under appropriate socially economic conditions. Different approaches and methodologies are applied in determination of a materialized price of a human life, therefore the rating of the price is varied. In determining the price of a human life, the legal aspect is important, since it deals with the fixation of the amount of compensations in cases of an individual's loss of life and calculations of the insurance costs.


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