scholarly journals Legal Aspect of an Agreement Cancellation in the State of Majeure Force during the Pandemic Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2541-2550
Author(s):  
Mifta Hulzannah ◽  
Sriono Sriono ◽  
Elviana Sagala
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Director General ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Status ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Government

Many parties can cancel an agreement or contract during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. WHO Director General, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus determined the status of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) as a Pandemic This happened because the government issued Presidential Decree No. 12 of 2020 concerning the Determination of Disaster in the Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a National Disaster. The covid-19 pandemic falls into the force majeure category or a state of force because it causes the economic sector to experience a decline. The community cannot do work as usual, all activities carried out are very limited. A contract is an agreement made by the parties in written form. An agreement is an act that binds one or more people to one or more people. This event resulted in a legal relationship between the parties, which included rights and obligations. Circumstances compel or force majeure may be earthquakes, fires, floods, landslides, wars, military coups, embargoes, epidemics, and so forth. In the time of the corona pandemic which is currently hitting all parts of the world, of course, it has an impact on the implementation of an agreement / contract. The purpose of this paper is to examine the force majeure in an agreement that occurs during the corona virus pandemic, which cannot automatically be used as a reason for cancellation of an agreement / contract, but can be used as a way to negotiate in canceling or changing the contents of the agreement / contract. The contract / agreement is canceled unilaterally without regard to the sense of justice, in accordance with Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, it is stated that the contract is a law for the parties. So the cancellation of the contract with due regard to aspects in the law and Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code cannot be carried out in a covid-19 pandemic force majeure situation. The parties are required to carry out good faith in accordance with Article 1338 of the Civil Code by reviewing the agreement / contract or renegotiating by adding a contract clause to postpone carrying out obligations.  

scholarly journals Tanggung Gugat Konsumen Gagal Bayar dalam Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumen Akibat Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1167
Author(s):  
Sugeng Andrean
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Consumer Finance ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
National Disaster ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThroughout 2020 until earlier 2021 world is hit by pandemic known as the COVID-19 pandemic. Many sectors have the impact of this pandemic, one of which is the economic sector, especially consumer financing institutions. In Indonesia the COVID-19 pandemic has been designated as a non-natural national disaster through Presidential Decree No. 12/2020 (hereinafter referred to as Keppres 12/2020). Consumer or debitor at consumer finance companies argue that this Presidential Decree 12/2020 can be used as an excuse for force majeure so that contracts that have been made can be misled or canceled. For this reason, researchers conducted legal research to find answers to whether the COVID-19 pandemic could be used as an excuse force majeure in consumer financing contracts. In addition, researchers will also examine what legal measures can be made by consumers who fail to pay due to the COVID-19 pandemic for determining defaults in financing companies. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Force Majeure; Consumer Financing Restructuring.AbstrakSepanjang tahun 2020 hingga awal tahun 2021 ini dunia tengah dilanda pandemi virus yang dikenal dengan sebutan pandemi COVID-19. Banyak sektor mengalami dampak dengan adanya pandemi ini, salah satunya adalah sektor ekonomi khususnya lembaga pembiayaan konsumen. Di Indonesia pandemi COVID-19 telah ditetapkan sebagai bencana nasional non alam melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 (selanjutnya disebut Keppres 12/2020). Konsumen atau debitur pada perusahaan pembiayaan konsumen mendalihkan bahwa Keppres 12/2020 ini dapat dijadikan alasan force majeure sehingga kontrak yang telah dibuat dapat disimpangi atau dibatalkan. Untuk itu peneliti melakukan penelitian hukum guna menemukan jawaban apakah pandemi COVID-19 dapat dijadikan alasan force majeure dalam kontrak pembiayaan konsumen. selain itu, peneliti juga akan menelaah upaya hukum apa yang dapat dilakukan konsumen gagal bayar akibat pandemi COVID-19 atas penetapan wanprestasi pada perusahaan pembiayaanKata Kunci: Pandemi COVID-19; Force Majeure; Restrukturisasi Pembiayaan.

scholarly journals Keabsahan Klausula Perpanjangan Periode dalam Restrukturisasi Kredit Akibat Pandemi Covid-19

Notaire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Tamara Teguh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was determined by the President as a non-natural disaster through Presidential Decree Number 12 of 2020 concerning the Designation of Non-Natural Disaster for the Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a National Disaster. Its rapid spread has an impact on all aspects of human life, especially in the economic sector, many business actors have suffered losses and a number of banks are experiencing credit risk, which debtors or customers are unable to make credit installments on the pretext of being affected by the pandemic. The Presidential Decree cannot automatically cancel existing agreements, so that the Government makes policies in order to stimulate economic growth. This policy was issued by the Financial Services Authority through Regulation of the Financial Services Authority of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11/POJK.03/2020 concerning National Economic Stimulus as a Countercyclical Policy on the Impact of the Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 which has been extended by the Financial Services Authority Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 48/POJK.03/2020 as an effort to avoid default. The debtor is given loan repayment relief at the Bank or Leasing with terms determined by the Bank. This payment relief is known as credit restructuring, which there is a renegotiation process to change existing loans. One of the changes in the agreement is by rescheduling, namely extending the installment payment period. Keywords: COVID-19 Disease Outbreak; Credit Restructuring; Rescheduling.Wabah penyakit Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ditetapkan oleh Presiden sebagai bencana non alam melalui Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penetapan Bencana Non Alam Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Sebagai Bencana Nasional. Penyebarannya yang begitu pesat berdampak pada segala aspek kehidupan manusia terutama di bidang ekonomi, banyak pelaku usaha yang mengalami kerugian dan sejumlah perbankan mengalami risiko kredit, dimana debitur atau nasabah tidak mampu untuk melakukan pembayaran cicilan kredit dengan dalih terkena dampak pandemi. Dengan adanya Keputusan Presiden itu tidak dapat serta merta membatalkan perjanjian yang sudah ada, sehingga Pemerintah membuat kebijakan dalam rangka menstimulus pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kebijakan tersebut dikeluarkan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan melalui Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 11/POJK.03/2020 Tentang Stimulus Perekonomian Nasional Sebagai Kebijakan Countercyclical Dampak Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 yang telah diperpanjang dengan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 48/POJK.03/2020 sebagai upaya agar tidak terjadinya wanprestasi. Debitur diberikan keringanan pembayaran cicilan pinjaman di Bank atau Leasing dengan persyaratan-persyaratan yang ditentukan oleh Bank. Keringanan pembayaran ini dikenal dengan restrukturisasi kredit, dimana terdapat proses renegosiasi atau negosiasi ulang untuk merubah perjanjian kredit yang sudah ada. Perubahan perjanjian tersebut salah satunya ialah dengan penjadwalan kembali atau rescheduling, yaitu memperpanjang periode pembayaran cicilan.Kata Kunci: Wabah Penyakit COVID-19; Restrukturisasi Kredit; Penjadwalan Kembali.

Dampak Wabah Corona Virus Disease Terhadap Budaya Ibadah Umat Muslim Dan Kebijakan Pemerintah

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Rif’at Ayu Wijdan Irham ◽  
A. Khawarizmi Siregar ◽  
Hasse Jubba
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

This paper aims to see how the response of Muslims and the government related to the Covid-19 pandemic that occurred throughout the world. This research is a qualitative study of document studies using sources consisting of publications. Muslims believe in this pandemic originating from Allah SWT, but Muslims are expected not to react to it too much and make this phenomenon to increase the capital of God for the Almighty God, Islamic jurisprudence can help find solutions to overcome it. Covid-19 Pandemic. The government as a leader in this country has implemented a policy related to the reduction of Covid-19. Many people who respond to the policies set by the government do not believe also because they oppose the government because of the lack of education by the government and Indonesian religious leaders.

scholarly journals Problematik Kepastian Hukum Darurat Kesehatan Masyarakat Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Hananto Widodo ◽  
Fradhana Putra Disantara
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

This research is normative research. The purpose of this research is to examine the emergency constitutional law related to the concept of health emergencies as referred to in Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine; and provide comprehensive analysis and formulation related to future emergency law arrangements. The research method used in this research is a statute approach and a conceptual approach; by using primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study are the legal implications related to the determination of the health emergency status based on Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2020 has created legal uncertainty, because the government has actually issued Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 first; is not a Government Regulation on procedures for determining and revoking the status of determining health emergencies. On the other hand, the determination of public health emergencies is not synergistic with its implementation. Furthermore, an ideal arrangement is needed in the future related to public health emergencies in order to achieve legal certainty in public health emergencies. For this reason, a harmonization of the state of danger law is needed or the establishment of a danger state law such as the omnibus bill

scholarly journals ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH MENGENAI PENANGANAN PANDEMI VIRUS CORONA DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Anwar Hidayat ◽  
Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Perkembangan pandemi Covid-19 saat ini sangat mengkhawatirkan dimana terjadinya suatupeningkatan kasus corona khusus di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuidan menganalisis kebijakan yang diambil pemerintah dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19serta langkah-langkah yang diambil pemerintah untuk menganggulangi dampak-dampak, terutama dampak dari segi ekonomi dan sosial akibat pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitianhukum yang digunakan yakni metode penelitian hukum normatif. Adapun pendekatan yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatankonseptual. Penelitian ini berlandaskan pengaturan perundang-undangan yang mengaturmengenai penanganan dan penganggulangan pandemi Covid-19 serta analisis atas konseppenetapan peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dalamrangka penanganan Covid-19, berawal dari pemerintah tmengeluarkan kebijakan tentangPembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar yang merujuk pada Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun2018 tentang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan. Peraturan pelaksanaannya yaitu PeraturanPemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar, sertaKeputusan Presiden tentang Kedaruratan Kesehatan sampai dengan saat ini pemerintah telahmengeluarkan kebijakan PPKM yang dimana dilakukan secara berkala. Untukmenganggulangi dampak Covid-19 dari segi ekonomi dan sosial pemerintah mengambilbeberapa kebijakan-kebijakan, yang diantaranya adalah: Peraturan Menteri KeuanganRepublik Indonesia Nomor 23/Pmk.03/2020 tentang Insentif Pajak Untuk WajibPajakTerdampak Wabah Virus Corona; Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Kata Kunci : Kebijakan, Penanganan, Covid-19 The current development of the Covid-19 pandemic is very worrying where there is anincrease in special corona cases in Indonesia. This study aims to identify and analyze thepolicies taken by the government in handling the Covid-19 pandemic and the steps taken bythe government to mitigate the impacts, especially the economic and social impacts of theCovid-19 pandemic. The legal research method used is the normative legal research method. The approach used in this research is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Thisresearch is based on the legislation governing the handling and handling of the Covid-19pandemic as well as an analysis of the concept of establishing these laws and regulations. The results of this study are in the context of handling Covid-19, starting with thegovernment issuing a policy on Large-Scale Social Restrictions which refers to Law Number6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine. The implementing regulations are GovernmentRegulation Number 21 of 2020 concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions, as well as thePresidential Decree on Health Emergencies. Until now, the government has issued a PPKMpolicy which is carried out regularly. To address the economic and social impact of Covid- 19, the government has taken several policies, including: Regulation of the Minister ofFinance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23/Pmk.03/2020 concerning Tax Incentives forTaxpayers Af ected by the Corona Virus Outbreak; Regulation of the Financial ServicesAuthority of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 /Pojk.03/2020 concerning NationalEconomic Stimulus as a Countercyclical Policy for the Impact of the Spread of Corona VirusDisease2019; and Instruction of the President of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of2020 concerning Refocussing of Activities, Reallocation of Budgets, and Procurement ofGoods and Services in the Context of Accelerating Handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019(Covid-19). Keyword : Policy, Handling, Covid-19

scholarly journals PENGAWASAN OMBUDSMAN TERHADAP PENYELENGGARAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK PADA MASA PANDEMI CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Inggit Akim
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACTSupervise the government as the provider of public services to carry out their duties and authorities under applicable regulations. Large-Scale Social Restrictions are restrictions on certain activities in an area suspected of being infected with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes the quality of public services to be disrupted. The Ombudsman has the task of supervising the implementation of shared services organized by state or government officials and private or individual bodies assigned the task of providing services according to minimum service standards as a benchmark for service delivery and assessing the quality of services to the community. The research method used is normative juridical research with a conceptual approach (Statute Approach).The results of this study are large-scale social restriction policies through the Mayor of Tarakan Regulation Number 17 of 2020, restrictions on activities outside the house such as the implementation of learning at schools and/or other educational institutions, Work From Home (WFH), religious movements in houses of worship, activities in public places, social and cultural activities and Mandatory rapid tests for those using Sea and Air transportation modes, and providing social assistance to communities affected by COVID-19. Ombudsman's supervision of public services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tarakan City, namely by conducting coordination and control and cooperation with state and private officials as well as community or individual organizations, opening an Online Complaint Post for COVID-19 Affected Persons. Also, conduct unannounced checks to improve public services in the City of Tarakan. Based on the supervision, the receipt of reports on suspicion of maladministration and the Ombudsman's investigation results are subject to examination. Suppose it is proven that it has committed maladministration in public services, the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia can take corrective action and provide recommendations/suggestions to state administrators to improve the quality of public services. Keywords: Surveillance; Ombudsman; Public Service; COVID-19 Pandemic

scholarly journals Implikasi Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Hukum Pekerja yang Diputuskan Hubungan Kerja Oleh Pengusaha

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Force Majeure

Covid-19 (corona virus disease 19) adalah sebuah jenis virus yang menyerang sistem pernapasan manusia dan menular hanya pada manusia. Saat ini jenis virus ini telah mewabah ke seluruh dunia dan tidak terkecuali Indonesia, dampaknya sangat luar biasa karena telah mengorbankan nyawa ratusan manusia di Indonesia dan juga puluhan ribu manusia di dunia. Selain berdampak pada aspek kesehatan, virus ini pun berdampak pada aspek ekonomi yakni telah menurunkan produktivitas perusahan secara drastis bahkan menghentikan kegiatan usaha pada beberapa sektor usaha seperti sektor perhotelan, transportasi, ritel, restoran dan lainnya. Karena dampaknya terhadap kegiatan usaha yang luar biasa sehingga mengakibatkan jutaan pekerja/buruh kehilangan penghasilan akibat dirumahkan dan diputuskan hubungan kerja oleh pengusaha. Karena pekerja/buruh telah dirumahkan dan/atau diputuskan hubungan kerja oleh pengusaha maka diperlukan perlindungan hukum atas hak-haknya agar pekerja yang bersangkutan tetap memperoleh penghasilan selama masa pandemi covid-19. Menurut Surat Edaran Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 05/M/BW/1998 tahun 1998 tentang upah pekerja yang dirumahkan bukan ke arah pemutusan hubungan kerja maka bagi pekerja tersebut akan mendapatkan upah penuh untuk setiap bulannya dan apabila pengusaha tidak mempunyai kemampuan membayar secara penuh maka perlu dirundingkan dengan pekerja mengenai besarnya upah, cara pembayarannya dan lamanya waktu dirumahkan. Sedangkan bagi pekerja yang diputuskan hubungan kerja maka berdasarkan Pasal 164 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan, pekerja/buruh tersebut dapat diputuskan hubungan kerja oleh pengusaha dengan alasan karena keadaan memaksa (force majeure) dengan ketentuan bahwa pekerja/buruh tersebut berhak atas uang pesangon sebesar 1 (satu) kali ketentuan Pasal 156 ayat (2), uang penghargaan masa kerja sebesar 1 (satu) kali ketentuan Pasal 156 ayat (3) dan uang penggantian hak sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 156 ayat (4). Selain itu pekerja yang bersangkutan juga dapat diputuskan hubungan kerja oleh Pengusaha dengan alasan efisiensi sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 164 ayat (3) dengan ketentuan bahwa pekerja/buruh tersebut akan mendapatkan hak pesangon sebesar 2 (dua) kali ketentuan Pasal 165 ayat (2), uang penghargaan masa kerja sebesar 1 (satu) kali sesuai ketentuan Pasal 165 ayat (3) dan uang penggantian hak sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 165 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN KAIN PERCA UNTUK PEMBUATAN MASKER KAIN (MAIN) ANTI VIRUS DALAM RANGKA PENCEGAHAN VIRUS COVID 19 PADA RUMAH JAHIT SEKITARAN MEDAN JOHOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Wardiyah Daulay ◽  
Mahnum Lailan Nasution ◽  
Sri Eka Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
The Government ◽  
Better Than

The number of cases of the Covid-19 virus in Indonesia, especially Medan, has increased. Almost every day the number of PDP (Patients Under Supervision) or positive patients continues to increase. Medan city has set an emergency status for the corona Covid-19 virus since Mid-March and Medan Johor district sice early April has been designated as one of the sub-districts with the status of the Red Zone. To minimize its spread, the government is promoting a “Mask For ALL” program. The program is in line with the appeal of the centers for disease control and prevention, which recommends wearing masks for everyone who want to leave the house. Due to limited number of masks that are ideal for preventing the corona virus, cloth masks can also used as an option to protect against exposure to the corona virus. This is considered better than not wearing a mask at all when coughing and sneezing or when near other people who may have been infected with the corona virus. Fabric masks can be produced by sewing houses by using the patchwork they have. Becauses the materials in making masks do not require a lot of material, patchwork can be used and people who have sewing houses are also helped in the corona pandemic.

scholarly journals Eksistensi Perjanjian Ditengah Pandemi Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Kunarso Kunarso ◽  
A Djoko Sumaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
The World

Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has a significant impact on all aspects of human life in the world, especially in Indonesia which is very large in area and has a large population (around 267 million people) with different kinds of professions. The purpose of this study is to focus on civil matters, with more emphasis on the problem of agreements that are influenced by Covid-19. The normative legal research method uses a statutory approach, and a conceptual approach to force majeure and describes an analysis (analytical descriptive). The results showed that the agreement in the state of the Covid-19 outbreak greatly influenced the implementation of the agreement set and agreed upon by the parties, because the agreement binds the parties, so the parties are subject to the contents of the agreement.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A FORCE MAJEURE FOR MASSIVE LAYOFFS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustakim Mustakim ◽  
Syafrida Syafrida
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
The Supreme Court

The fact of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemics was often made as a reason by a lot of companies to conduct massive layoffs (PHK) in Indonesia. The regulation about force majeure to do massive layoffs (PHK) could only be found in Article 164 Act No. 13 Year 2003 about employment and it is not that specific about what kind of condition which could be categorized as force majeure that enables companies to conduct massive layoffs PHK. The statement of problem of this research is the spread of Covid-19 a condition categorized as force majeure that could become the reason to do a massive layoffs and how is the legal protection of worker toward the layoffs during the Covid-19 pandemics? This is normative research with constitutional and conceptual approach. The result from the observation and analysis indicated that the Covid-19 pandemics could be qualified as a force majeure but to conduct massive layoffs the companies need to experience loss or disadvantage and already closed permanently or massive layoffs is conducted for efficiency as what has been regulated by Article 164 point (1) and (3) Act No. 13 Year 2003 about employment by doing some steps in advance as stated in Minister Hand-outs  No. SE-907/MEN/PHI-PPHI/X/2004, 28th October 2004 and the decision of the Supreme Court No. 19/PUU-IX/2011, 20th June 2012. 

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