scholarly journals Therapeutic Index of Herbal Medicine in Pandemic COVID-19: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4272-4279
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Level ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Different Types

The study of this review focus on effective herbal medicine against COVID-19. There have been many such plants on which a lot of research has been done earlier, and these have been very good for health as we know that the current situation of the whole world is very serious with the novel COVID-19 virus epidemic. Hence, people consume a lot of herbal medicine to increase their immunity, such as kadha (brewing), and it is also very effective against this viral infection. If we take brewing in the proper dose, research should be done from clinical trials. We have been taking many medicines since old times and have been doing research on them which is Antiviral and useful in different types of infection caused by bacteria, viruses, microbes, etc. The plant's diversity included their chemical constituents, showing the promise of their therapeutic level against the antiviral activity, without any toxicity with plasma concentration. Many plants show effectively against viral infections that are Flavonoids, Glycosides, polyphenols, alkaloids, etc.. Still, any clinical trials on humans do not prove their proper research on them, but the Chinese system of medicine claimed that Traditional Chinese medicine improves the COVID-19 patient. According to this review, we aim to collate data of plants the various large in the quantity of natural active constituents from individual medicinal plant species that may have potential therapeutic efficacy. The continuing development of novel antiviral drugs needs to isolate and synthesize more new active constituents.

scholarly journals An overview on Coronaviruses family from past to Covid-19: introduce some inhibitors as antiviruses from Gillan’s plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5575-5585 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Molecular Modelling ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Nmr Study

Among the herbal medicine that commonly used in relieving diseases we choose 4 species as the source for active constituents to be examined as its potential as anti SARS-CoV-2, namely Matrine, Cytarabine, Gemcitabine and Vidarabine from which are extracted from Gillan ‘s plants such as Trshvash, Chuchaq, Cote D’Couto and Khlvash in Iran. The mechanisms by which these agents exercise their antivirus action are calculated via analyzing of NMR and physical chemistry properties via docking. The drugs which are discussed in this article, some of them are in pre-clinical trials or clinical development and some are available in market such as Matrine, Cytarabine, Gemcitabine and Vidarabine. In this work, we have optimized and discussed about several active compounds which are extracted from famous plants through NMR study. These data in high-accuracy determine for anti-SARS-CoV-NSPs confirm our molecular modelling and also exhibited that Cytarabine, a compound found in Chuchaq, and Matrine from Trshvash, bind to those receptors with lower energies compared to the respected reference compounds. These finding indicated that both compounds possess better binding interaction and may inhibit the initial virus infection to the host cell

scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling and Global Semi-quantitation of a Prescription Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula Yinqiaosan Using UPLC-QTOF-MS with a Single Exogenous Reference Internal Standard

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. e45-e57
Author(s):  
Yachun Shu ◽  
Chandana Mannem ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Shashank Gorityala ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula

Abstract Yinqiaosan is a classic Chinese herbal medicine formula that has been used to treat various bacterial and viral infections by Chinese medicine doctors for over two centuries. In this work, we developed a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative method for identification, quantitation, and quality assessment of chemical constituents of Yinqiaosan formula in four different preparation forms (i.e., decoction, granule, pill, and tablet), which employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a single exogenous reference internal standard for untargeted metabolomics profiling and global semiquantitative analysis. The use of a single exogenous reference internal standard permitted not only qualitative and quantitative analyses of multiple herbal components in a single instrument run, but also cross-comparison of chemical contents in between all four Yinqiaosan preparation forms. The acquired mass chromatograms were analyzed, quantitated, and compared using multivariate data analysis for similarities and differences of chemical constituents in four Yinqiaosan preparation forms. For the first time, we were able to identify over 100 chemical constituents from each preparation form using the available database. Among the 49 commonly identified compounds in the 4 Yinqiaosan preparation forms, 16 have been reported to have pharmacological activities, which may be used in a network pharmacology study of Yinqiaosan for exploring the underlying mechanism of the herbal formula.

Primordial science and pioneering approaches of guggul for chronic ailments – A modernized review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Jamal Basha D ◽  
Kumar P R ◽  
Ranganayakulu D
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lipids Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Conventional Dosage

An oleo gum resin guggulu is a product which obtained as a result of gummosis from the bark of Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari [syn. Commiphoramukul (Hook. Ex Stocks) Family, Burseraceae]. It has been known for its immense applicability in the Ayurveda since time immemorial for the treatment of variety of disorders such as inflammation, gout, rheumatism, impotence, leprosy, obesity, and disorders of lipids metabolism. It is a mixture of phytoconstituents like terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, guggultetrols, lignans, sugars, and amino acids. This review is an effort to compile all the information available on all of its chemical constituents which are responsible for its therapeutic potential, limitation of guggul extracts and the necessity of novel principles for gum guggul. Nowadays, Guggul is available as the marketed formulation for curing numerous clinical conditions and is accessible in combination with various other ingredients. Though conventional dosage form shows the dominance as patient compliance and easy availability, yet it has found to pose the problems like dose fluctuation, peak-valley effect, non-adjustment of the administered drug, invasiveness etc. Guggul lacks its desired effect due to its low bioavailability and water solubility. This makes it a partial or a deficient therapy for remedy of many signs and symptoms. Novel drug delivery system (NDDS), a new approach and has excluded many of drawbacks exhibited by conventional dosage forms. Some of the novel dosage forms of guggul has been formed like nanoparticles, nanovesicles, gugglusomes and proniosomal gel. But still, the novel formulations for guggul has its less outspread in the market. Guggul can be executed as a profitable drug using NDDS. There is a need to highlight the unidentified and unexplained facts about guggul so as to make it more efficacious and effective in terms of bioavailability and aqueous insolubility.

Highlighting the Correlation Between Telomere Shortening and the Susceptibility to the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aml Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Infection Pathways ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Demographic Distribution

COVID-19 is a global crisis that requires a deep understanding of infection pathways to facilitate the development of effective treatments and vaccines. Telomere, which is regarded as a biomarker for other respiratory viral infections, might influence the demographic distribution of COVID-19 infection and fatality rates. Viral infection can induce many cellular remodeling events and stress responses, including telomere specific alterations, just as telomere shortening. In brief, this letter aims to highlight the connection between telomere shortening and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, in addition to changes in telomeric length according to the variation of age and gender of confirmed cases with COVID-19 infection. To sum up, the correlation is revealed from the available data that connect telomere length and COVID-19 infection, demonstrated in the fact that the elderly patients and males are more susceptible to COVID-19 due to shortening in their telomere length.

Antibody Therapy for the Control of Viral Diseases: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1108-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Dibo ◽  
Eduardo C. Battocchio ◽  
Lucas M. dos Santos Souza ◽  
Matheus D. Veloso da Silva ◽  
Bruna K. Banin-Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

The epidemiological impact of viral diseases, combined with the emergence and reemergence of some viruses, and the difficulties in identifying effective therapies, have encouraged several studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for viral infections. In this context, the use of immunotherapy for the treatment of viral diseases is increasing. One of the strategies of immunotherapy is the use of antibodies, particularly the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and multi-specific antibodies, which bind directly to the viral antigen and bring about activation of the immune system. With current advancements in science and technology, several such antibodies are being tested, and some are already approved and are undergoing clinical trials. The present work aims to review the status of mAb development for the treatment of viral diseases.

Persian herbal medicine in functional dyspepsia: a systematic review article.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Azimi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zahedi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Gastric Accommodation ◽  
Cynara Scolymus

Introduction: According to Rome IV, functional dyspepsia is diagnosed with presence of dyspepsia in the absence of organic or metabolic causes. FD caused by several factors such as impaired gastric accommodation and hypersensitivity to gastric distention. Several studies have reported effectiveness of herbal medicine on FD. This article, thus, reviews Persian herbal medicine in FD. Method: Electronic databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrain, Embase, Web of science and Ovid were searched so as to find clinical articles related to dyspepsia and herbal medicine by July 2019. Our search strategies were traditional medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, herb, plant, and dyspepsia. We excluded all articles except Persian clinical trials. Results: We found 34 clinical trials with 15 herbs and 4 compound herbal remedies like Asparagus racemosus, Brassica oleracea, Cynara scolymus, Ocimum basilicum, Mentha longifolia, Mentha pulegium, Mentha piperata, Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa, Mastic gum, Curcuma longa, Pistatio atlantica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Solanum tuberosum and Zingiber officinale and compound remedies of Rosa damascene & Crocus sativus, Trachyspermum copticom & Apium graveolence, Carum carvi & Mentha pipperata, Gingiber officinalis & Cynara scolymus are effective in functional dyspepsia. Conclusion: Many people use herbal and traditional remedies for treatment of disorders such as gastrointestinal disordersو , especially in Asian countries. Several studies reported the efficacy of herbal medicine in functional dyspepsia. Although their mechanisms are not fully understood, it seems they can modulate GI motility and improve symptoms of FD.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Role of Nutrition and Supplementation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Moscatelli ◽  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Anna Valenzano ◽  
Rita Polito ◽  
Vincenzo Monda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Diet Regimen ◽  
Specific Diet

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (COVID-19) appeared on the world scene, which mainly affects the respiratory system, causing pneumonia and multi-organ failure, and, although it starts with common symptoms such as shortness of breath and fever, in about 2–3% of cases it leads to death. Unfortunately, to date, no specific treatments have been found for the cure of this virus and, therefore, it is advisable to implement all possible strategies in order to prevent infection. In this context, it is important to better define the role of all behaviors, in particular nutrition, in order to establish whether these can both prevent infection and improve the outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19. In the literature, it is widely shown that states of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity negatively affect the immune system, leading to viral infections, and several studies have shown that nutritional interventions can act as immunostimulators, helping to prevent viral infections. Even if several measures, such as the assumption of a specific diet regimen, the use of dietary supplements, and other similar interventions, are promising for the prevention, management, and recovery of COVID-19 patients, it is important to highlight that strong data from randomized clinical trials are needed to support any such assumption. Considering this particular scenario, we present a literature review addressing several important aspects related to diet and SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to highlight the importance of diet and supplementation in prevention and management of, as well as recovery from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Bleeding by Bruton Tyrosine Kinase-Inhibitors: Dependency on Drug Type and Disease

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Philipp von Hundelshausen ◽  
Wolfgang Siess
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
The Novel ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Bruton Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
Reversible Covalent

Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is expressed in B-lymphocytes, myeloid cells and platelets, and Btk-inhibitors (BTKi) are used to treat patients with B-cell malignancies, developed against autoimmune diseases, have been proposed as novel antithrombotic drugs, and been tested in patients with severe COVID-19. However, mild bleeding is frequent in patients with B-cell malignancies treated with the irreversible BTKi ibrutinib and the recently approved 2nd generation BTKi acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib and tirabrutinib, and also in volunteers receiving in a phase-1 study the novel irreversible BTKi BI-705564. In contrast, no bleeding has been reported in clinical trials of other BTKi. These include the brain-penetrant irreversible tolebrutinib and evobrutinib (against multiple sclerosis), the irreversible branebrutinib, the reversible BMS-986142 and fenebrutinib (targeting rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematodes), and the reversible covalent rilzabrutinib (against pemphigus and immune thrombocytopenia). Remibrutinib, a novel highly selective covalent BTKi, is currently in clinical studies of autoimmune dermatological disorders. This review describes twelve BTKi approved or in clinical trials. By focusing on their pharmacological properties, targeted disease, bleeding side effects and actions on platelets it attempts to clarify the mechanisms underlying bleeding. Specific platelet function tests in blood might help to estimate the probability of bleeding of newly developed BTKi.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas System: The Powerful Modulator of Accessory Genomes in Prokaryotes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Anca Butiuc-Keul ◽  
Anca Farkas ◽  
Rahela Carpa ◽  
Dumitrana Iordache
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Crispr Array ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Cas Proteins

Being frequently exposed to foreign nucleic acids, bacteria and archaea have developed an ingenious adaptive defense system, called CRISPR-Cas. The system is composed of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) array, together with CRISPR (<i>cas</i>)-associated genes. This system consists of a complex machinery that integrates fragments of foreign nucleic acids from viruses and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), into CRISPR arrays. The inserted segments (spacers) are transcribed and then used by cas proteins as guide RNAs for recognition and inactivation of the targets. Different types and families of CRISPR-Cas systems consist of distinct adaptation and effector modules with evolutionary trajectories, partially independent. The origin of the effector modules and the mechanism of spacer integration/deletion is far less clear. A review of the most recent data regarding the structure, ecology, and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems and their role in the modulation of accessory genomes in prokaryotes is proposed in this article. The CRISPR-Cas system&apos;s impact on the physiology and ecology of prokaryotes, modulation of horizontal gene transfer events, is also discussed here. This system gained popularity after it was proposed as a tool for plant and animal embryo editing, in cancer therapy, as antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria, and even for combating the novel coronavirus – SARS-CoV-2; thus, the newest and promising applications are reviewed as well.

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