scholarly journals Biosensor for detection of bacteria with probiotic potential and food pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 800-807
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Nanostructured Material ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Wide Range

The exploration for novel nano-sensors has enhanced significantly representing an incredible alternative for the development, speedy, and inexpensive bio-sensing strategy. Due to their low detection volumes, reduction of detection time, high specificity and user- friendly applicability, nano-bio sensors have raised the interest of the scientific community. Nanomaterials are now being used to develop biosensors thatexhibit superior sensitivity and uniqueness with applicability in research investigations, food contamination detection, detection of potential probiotic bacteria, etc. Detection of food contamination is of major significance and concern in areas like healthcare, agriculture, beverage, and fermentation industries. Distinctive biosensing technologies have already been developed for instant monitoring of microbes, food contaminants depending upon the application of nanomaterial. A wide range of nanomaterials, for example, gold nanostructured materials, carbon Copper and silicon nanotubes, GeO2/SiO2 matrix, nanoparticles, nanowires, TiO2 nanowire, nano-electrode, and nanostructured material arrays are performing an essential role in the bio-sensing application in food pathogen detection and probiotic bacteria detection.Nanosensors merges the principles of information technology and molecular biology proves essential in facilitating immediate detection of foodborne pathogens, contaminants, hence reducing the health risk and medical costs related to foodborne illness.This chapter aims to encompass the types of emerging nanosensors based on different detection technology, their commercial applications, recent advancement in food contamination detection and their future prospects.

scholarly journals Snipe: highly sensitive pathogen detection from metagenomic sequencing data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Huang ◽  
Bin Hong ◽  
Wenxian Yang ◽  
Liansheng Wang ◽  
Rongshan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Metagenomics Data ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Metagenomics data provide rich information for the detection of foodborne pathogens from food and environmental samples that are mixed with complex background bacteria strains. While pathogen detection from metagenomic sequencing data has become an activity of increasing interest, shotgun sequencing of uncultured food samples typically produces data that contain reads from many different organisms, making accurate strain typing a challenging task. Particularly, as many pathogens may contain a common set of genes that are highly similar to those from normal bacteria in food samples, traditional strain-level abundance profiling approaches do not perform well at detecting pathogens of very low abundance levels. To overcome this limitation, we propose an abundance correction method based on species-specific genomic regions to achieve high sensitivity and high specificity in target pathogen detection at low abundance.

scholarly journals Snipe: Highly sensitive pathogen detection from metagenomic sequencing data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Huang ◽  
Bin Hong ◽  
Wenxian Yang ◽  
Liansheng Wang ◽  
Rongshan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Metagenomics Data ◽  
Species Specific

Metagenomics data provides rich information for the detection of foodborne pathogens from food and environmental samples that are mixed with complex background bacteria strains. While pathogen detection from metagenomic sequencing data has become an activity of increasing interest, shotgun sequencing of uncultured food samples typically produces data that contains reads from many different organisms, making accurate strain typing a challenging task. Particularly, as many pathogens may contain a common set of genes that are highly similar to those from normal bacteria in food samples, traditional strain-level abundance profiling approaches do not perform well at detecting pathogens of very low abundance levels. To overcome this limitation, we propose an abundance correction method based on species-specific genomic regions to achieve high sensitivity and high specificity in target pathogen detection at low abundance.

scholarly journals A newly developed paper embedded microchip based on LAMP for rapid multiple detections of foodborne pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Zhang ◽  
Jinfeng Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Shen ◽  
Yongxin Liu ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Detection Technology

Abstract Background Microfluidic chip detection technology is considered a potent tool for many bioanalytic applications. Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in the early stages is imperative to prevent the outbreak of foodborne diseases, known as a severe threat to human health. Conventional bacterial culture methods for detecting foodborne pathogens are time-consuming, laborious, and lacking in pathogen diagnosis. To overcome this problem, we have created an embedded paper-based microchip based on isothermal loop amplification (LAMP), which can rapidly and sensitively detect foodborne pathogens. Results We embed paper impregnated with LAMP reagent and specific primers in multiple reaction chambers of the microchip. The solution containing the target pathogen was injected into the center chamber and uniformly distributed into the reaction chamber by centrifugal force. The purified DNA of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been successfully amplified and directly detected on the microchip. The E. coli O157:H7 DNA was identified as low as 0.0134 ng μL− 1. Besides, the potential of this microchip in point-of-care testing was further tested by combining the on-chip sample purification module and using milk spiked with Salmonella spp.. The pyrolyzed milk sample was filtered through a polydopamine-coated paper embedded in the inside of the sample chamber. It was transported to the reaction chamber by centrifugal force for LAMP amplification. Then direct chip detection was performed in the reaction chamber embedded with calcein-soaked paper. The detection limit of Salmonella spp. in the sample measured by the microchip was approximately 12 CFU mL− 1. Conclusion The paper embedded LAMP microchip offers inexpensive, user-friendly, and highly selective pathogen detection capabilities. It is expected to have great potential as a quick, efficient, and cost-effective solution for future foodborne pathogen detection.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody and neutralization assays reveal the wide range of the humoral immune response to virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikail Dogan ◽  
Lina Kozhaya ◽  
Lindsey Placek ◽  
Courtney Gunter ◽  
Mesut Yigit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Negative Controls

AbstractDevelopment of antibody protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection is a pressing question for public health and for vaccine development. We developed highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and neutralization assays. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein or Nucleocapsid protein specific IgG antibodies at titers more than 1:100,000 were detectable in all PCR+ subjects (n = 115) and were absent in the negative controls. Other isotype antibodies (IgA, IgG1-4) were also detected. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization was determined in COVID-19 and convalescent plasma at up to 10,000-fold dilution, using Spike protein pseudotyped lentiviruses, which were also blocked by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Hospitalized patients had up to 3000-fold higher antibody and neutralization titers compared to outpatients or convalescent plasma donors. Interestingly, some COVID-19 patients also possessed NAbs against SARS-CoV Spike protein pseudovirus. Together these results demonstrate the high specificity and sensitivity of our assays, which may impact understanding the quality or duration of the antibody response during COVID-19 and in determining the effectiveness of potential vaccines.

Utilizing the Public GenomeTrakr Database for Foodborne Pathogen Traceback v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E Timme ◽  
Maria Sanchez ◽  
Marc Allard
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

This protocol outlines the all the steps necessary to become a GenomeTrakr data contributor. GenomeTrakr is an international genomic reference database of mostly food and environmental isolates from foodborne pathogens. The data and analyses are housed at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), which is a database freely available to anyone in the world. The Pathogen Detection browser at NCBI computes daily cluster results adding the newly submitted data to the existing phylogenetic clusters of closely related genomes. Contributors to this database can see how their new isolates are related to the real-time foodborne pathogen surveillance program established in the USA and a few other countries, and at the same time adding valuable new data to the reference database. ------ Although originally published as a Chapter in Methods and Protocols, Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens, the protocol has since been adapted and split into four separate protocols all of which are contained in this collection.

Microbiome population dynamics of cold smoked sockeye salmon during refrigerated storage and after culture enrichment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Jarvis ◽  
Chiun-Kang Hsu ◽  
James B. Pettengill ◽  
John Ihrie ◽  
Hiren Karathia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Smoked Salmon ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Culture Enrichment ◽  
Processing And Storage

Cold smoked salmon is a ready-to-eat seafood product of high commercial importance. The processing and storage steps facilitate the introduction, growth and persistence of foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. The growth of commensal bacteria during storage and once the product is opened also influence the quality and safety of cold smoked salmon. Here we investigated the microbial community through targeted 16s rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, as means to better understand the interactions among bacteria in cold smoked salmon. Cold smoked salmon samples were tested over 30 days of aerobic storage at 4℃ and cultured at each timepoint in buffered Listeria enrichment broth (BLEB) commonly used to detect Listeria in foods. The microbiomes were comprised of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria namely, Carnobacterium , Brochothrix , Pseudomonas , Serratia , and Psychrobacter . Pseudomonas species were the most diverse species with 181 taxa identified. Additionally, we identified potential homologs to 10 classes of bacteriocins in microbiomes of cold smoked salmon stored at 4°C and corresponding BLEB culture enrichments. The findings presented here contribute to our understanding of microbiome population dynamics in cold smoked salmon, including changes in bacterial taxa during aerobic cold storage and after culture enrichment.  This may facilitate improvements to pathogen detection and quality preservation of this food.

scholarly journals Electroanalytical Biosensors for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection—A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijia Peng ◽  
Xiaogang Lin ◽  
Weiqi Nian ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng ◽  
Jayne Wu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Tumor Dna

Early diagnosis and treatment have always been highly desired in the fight against cancer, and detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has recently been touted as highly promising for early cancer screening. Consequently, the detection of ctDNA in liquid biopsy gains much attention in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment, which has also attracted research interest from the industry. However, traditional gene detection technology is difficult to achieve low cost, real-time and portable measurement of ctDNA. Electroanalytical biosensors have many unique advantages such as high sensitivity, high specificity, low cost and good portability. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the latest development of biosensors for minimal-invasive, rapid, and real-time ctDNA detection. Various ctDNA sensors are reviewed with respect to their choices of receptor probes, detection strategies and figures of merit. Aiming at the portable, real-time and non-destructive characteristics of biosensors, we analyze their development in the Internet of Things, point-of-care testing, big data and big health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of enterocin obtained from Enterococcus durans on Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natara Favaro Tosoni ◽  
Hugo Felix Perini ◽  
Márcia Regina Terra ◽  
Marly Sayuri Katsuda ◽  
Márcia Cristina Furlaneto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Enterococcus Durans ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT: Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important source of food contamination that presents risks to human health. Several industrial food processes eliminate this microorganism; however, these processes can alter the characteristics of the product. Alternative methods of preservation have been identified as an option to control these foodborne pathogens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the action of bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus durans MF5 in STEC cells. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) containing enterocins from the MF5 isolate was tested over different time points (6, 18, and 24 h). Enterocins present in the crude CFS showed inhibition against STEC at all time points. In the investigation of cell integrity, using propidium iodide and fluorescence microscopy, considerable cell death was observed within 6 h of the cells being in contact with the enterocins, which was also observed at the 18 and 24 h time points. These results showed that the enterocins produced by the MF5 isolate have potential use in the control of STEC.

scholarly journals Food Safety Analysis Using Electrochemical Biosensors

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetesh Mishra ◽  
Abbas Barfidokht ◽  
Farshad Tehrani ◽  
Rupesh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Analytical Accuracy ◽  
Analytical Tools

Rapid and precise analytical tools are essential for monitoring food safety and screening of any undesirable contaminants, allergens, or pathogens, which may cause significant health risks upon consumption. Substantial developments in analytical techniques have empowered the analyses and quantitation of these contaminants. However, conventional techniques are limited by delayed analysis times, expensive and laborious sample preparation, and the necessity for highly-trained workers. Therefore, prompt advances in electrochemical biosensors have supported significant gains in quantitative detection and screening of food contaminants and showed incredible potential as a means of defying such limitations. Apart from indicating high specificity towards the target analytes, these biosensors have also addressed the challenge of food industry by providing high analytical accuracy within complex food matrices. Here, we discuss some of the recent advances in this area and analyze the role and contributions made by electrochemical biosensors in the food industry. This article also reviews the key challenges we believe biosensors need to overcome to become the industry standard.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique: principle, development and wide application in food safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (46) ◽  
pp. 5551-5561
Author(s):  
Tianzeng Huang ◽  
Linzhi Li ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Xueen Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Isothermal Conditions ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Novel Gene ◽  
Amplification Method ◽  
Amplification Technique

LAMP is a relatively novel gene amplification method under isothermal conditions with rapidity, and high specificity. It is widely applied in the field of food safety, such as in the detection of foodborne pathogens, GM, OP pesticides and so on

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