scholarly journals Estimation of Loss of Iodine from Edible Iodized Salt During Cooking of Various Bangladeshi Food Preparations

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
KM Yasif Kayes Sikdar ◽  
Amlan Ganguly ◽  
ASM Monjur Al Hossain ◽  
ABM Faroque
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Deep Frying ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bangladeshi Families

Iodine is one of the essential micronutrients required for the normal mental and physical development of human beings. Low iodine intake exerts several detrimental effects on human health. The most serious effect of iodine deficiency is represented by possible damage to the fetus such as stillbirths, abortions and congenital abnormalities. According to the existing law, iodized salt should contain at least 15 ppm of iodine. However, iodine is lost significantly during cooking and few studies have been conducted to estimate such loss of iodine. Hence, in the present study, thirty recipes commonly cooked in Bangladeshi families were taken and by using colorimetric assay method, it was found that the mean losses of iodine during different cooking procedures were 13.28% for pressure cooking, 23.46% for boiling, 9.5% for deep frying and 5.18% for shallow frying. The results showed that the loss of iodine depends upon the type of cooking procedures and cooking time.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 161-165, 2016 (December)

scholarly journals Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in the Assessment of Acute Cerebrovascular Accident

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Radhakrishnan ◽  
Swathy Moorthy ◽  
Sudish Gadde ◽  
Krishnaswamy Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cardiac Enzymes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Stroke (cerebrovascular accident) has for long been a global burden in terms of its morbidity and mortality. Serum levels of cardiac enzymes such as creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) component, troponin T, and brain natriuretic peptide have been found to be elevated among the patients with stroke and also serve to prognosticate these patients. The serum levels of these enzymes correlate directly to the severity of stroke in these patients. Objective Elevated cardiac enzymes among patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents are not uncommon despite the patients not having any cardiac problems. We aimed to identify the occurrence of elevated cardiac enzymes among patients with acute stroke and their correlation with the severity of stroke. Materials and Methods Our study included 100 patients of acute stroke with no previous history of cardiac ailments. Serum levels of troponin I and CK-MB were analyzed among these patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method within the first 2 hours of admission. Patients outcome during the hospital stay were analyzed. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke score (NIHS score) and the modified Rankin Score (mRS). The cardiac enzyme levels were correlated with these scores. Results Twenty-eight percent of patients had elevated troponin I, while 72% patients had normal levels with the mean values of 10.36 to 106.54 ng/mL and 0.00 to 0.02 ng/mL, respectively. CK-MB levels were found elevated among 14% patients and normal among 86% patients with mean values of 5.8 to 124.36 and 0.0 to 4.3 ng/mL, respectively. Among the six patients who succumbed to death, three patients had increased troponin I and four had elevated CK-MB. NIHS scores of 21.0357±6.79 and 105.277±5.564 were seen in patients with elevated and normal troponin I, whereas NIHS scores of 20.4285±8.658 and 11.8721±9.273 were seen among patients with increased and normal CK-MB, respectively. The mRS scores were 4.3214±0.367, 2.4305±1.374, 4.2143±1.412, and 2.756±1.749 ng/mL among the patients with elevated and normal troponin I and CK-MB, respectively. Conclusion The mean values of cardiac enzymes troponin I and CK-MB were higher among patients with higher scores of NIHS and mRS. Among them, troponin I was very significant and it may serve as an early biomarker for the severity of stroke and hint on early cardiac evaluation among these patients.

Physical activity levels during adventure-physical education lessons

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gehris ◽  
Elizabeth Myers ◽  
Robert Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Instruction Time ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Mean

Adventure-physical education has been proposed to promote adolescents’ physical development, but little is known about physical activity levels during such lessons. Using the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time, we observed students’ (ages 11–14 years) physical activity levels in co-educational classes during 43 adventure-physical education lessons at seven public schools. The mean percentage (±SD) of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was 28.3% (±16.3%). The greatest percentage of lesson time was spent in two activities—high elements (24.1% ± 36.5%) and initiatives (22.3% ± 32.4%). When data were aggregated across all lessons, 40.0% of the time in high elements and 13.7% of the time in initiatives was spent in MVPA. Of all MVPA time, 31.5% occurred in high elements and another 12.6% in initiatives. Compared with traditional physical education lessons, less time is spent in MVPA during adventure lessons. Efforts to increase MVPA should target high elements and initiative activities.

scholarly journals Amniotic fluid iodine concentrations do not vary in pregnant women with varying iodine intake

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo García-Fuentes ◽  
Manuel Gallo ◽  
Laureano García ◽  
Stephanie Prieto ◽  
Javier Alcaide-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Multivitamin Supplement

Iodine deficiency is an important clinical and public health problem. Its prevention begins with an adequate intake of iodine during pregnancy. International agencies recommend at least 200 μg iodine per d for pregnant women. We assessed whether iodine concentrations in the amniotic fluid of healthy pregnant women are independent of iodine intake. This cross-sectional, non-interventional study included 365 consecutive women who underwent amniocentesis to determine the fetal karyotype. The amniocentesis was performed with abdominal antisepsis using chlorhexidine. The iodine concentration was measured in urine and amniotic fluid. The study variables were the intake of iodized salt and multivitamin supplements or the prescription of a KI supplement. The mean level of urinary iodine was 139·0 (sd94·5) μg/l and of amniotic fluid 15·81 (sd7·09) μg/l. The women who consumed iodized salt and those who took a KI supplement had significantly higher levels of urinary iodine than those who did not (P = 0·01 andP = 0·004, respectively). The urinary iodine levels were not significantly different in the women who took a multivitamin supplement compared with those who did not take this supplement, independently of iodine concentration or multivitamin supplement. The concentrations of iodine in the amniotic fluid were similar, independent of the dietary iodine intake. Urine and amniotic fluid iodine concentrations were weakly correlated, although the amniotic fluid values were no higher in those women taking a KI supplement. KI prescription at recommended doses increases the iodine levels in the mother without influencing the iodine levels in the amniotic fluid.

scholarly journals THE ASSAY OF HYPERTENSIN FROM THE ARTERIAL BLOOD OF NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE HUMAN BEINGS

1952 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Kahn ◽  
Leonard T. Skeggs ◽  
Norman P. Shumway ◽  
Paul E. Wisenbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Benign Group

Hypertensin has been assayed in the blood of patients with normal blood pressure and in those with essential hypertension in both the benign and malignant phases. 250 ml. samples of arterial blood were obtained, chemically purified, and concentrated to a volume of 1 ml. These extracts were then assayed in anesthetized rats. The concentrations of hypertensin in the blood of patients with the malignant phase of essential hypertension were found to be greatly increased. The concentrations of hypertensin found in patients with benign hypertension had a moderate degree of overlapping with those found in the normotensive group, but the mean concentration of hypertensin in the former group was twice that of the controls. Although these results are statistically significant, the amounts of hypertensin recovered in the benign group are so small that no conclusions can be drawn as to its effectiveness in producing vasoconstriction in these patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Giving Iodized Salt, Counseling of Iodine and Goitrogenic Sources of Food in Mothers Who Have Elementary School Children Against Urinary Iodine Excretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
I Ketut Swiryajaya ◽  
Iswari Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Mean

As a result of IDD is the occurrence of impaired child growth makes researchers interested in conducting research on "Provision of iodized salt, food counseling about the source of iodine and goitrogenic substances with urinary iodine excretion status in elementary school children". Research on IDD is often carried out in primary school-age children, aged 6-12 years because of their vulnerability to iodine deficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of iodized salt interventions and counseling patterns of iodized and goitrogenic food consumption patterns on levels of urinary yodiun excretion in families with elementary school children. Research methods: The design of this study included quasi-experimental using a specific design that is "pre and post test control group design". The study population was elementary school children with a sample size of 30 children aged 9 -12 years in each group. Data collected included the consumption of nutrients by the 24-hour recall method, the results of urine iodine examination by the spectrophotometric method. The collected data is then analyzed with an independent sample T test. The results showed there were differences in urinary yodiun excretion levels in the two groups (treatment and control), while the mean in the treatment group before intervention was 106.97 ug / L and after the intervention was 43.19 ug / L. Whereas in the control group, the level of urinary yodiun excretion before intervention was 117.30 μg / L and after the intervention was 243.19 μg / L. The mean of respondents who consumed goitrogenic sources in the treatment group before the intervention (Yes = 63%, No = 37%), after the intervention (Yes = 23%, No = 77%). Whereas in the Control group before the intervention (Yes = 56%, No = 73%), after the intervention (Yes = 23%, No = 77%). The average amount of protein consumption before treatment was 47.91 µg/L ± 6.54 and 50.15 µg/L ± 12.52 after treatment. For consumption, an increase with a mean before treatment was 89.88 µg/L ± 38.45 and after treatment was 113 µg/L ± 26. The results of the independent sample t-test showed that in the treatment group there was no significant difference between after and before the intervention (p = 0.058). Whereas in the control group there were significant differences between before and after the intervention (p = 0.002). It can be concluded that there are many factors that need to be controlled in the provision of interventions, especially the use, type of salt and goitronic as well as the method of examination of iodine analysis in urine. Keywords: iodized salt; iodine food sources; goitrogenic; urinary iodine excretion

Pressure Characteristics of the Esophagus and Its Sphincters in Dogs

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry F. Schlegel ◽  
Charles F. Code
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Gastric Fundus ◽  
Peristaltic Wave ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
The Mean

The pressure in the esophagus and its sphincters in seven well-trained, intact, healthy dogs was studied using three small water-filled polyethylene tubes attached to pressure transducers. To obtain resting pressures these tubes were withdrawn at intervals of 0.5–2.0 cm through the gastroesophageal junction, the esophagus and the pharyngoesophageal junction. Swallowing was induced by injection of water into the mouth or pharynx of the animals, and responses were recorded from selected sites. At rest, bands of elevated pressure about 2 cm wide were detected at the pharyngoesophageal and gastroesophageal junctions. The mean maximal pressures in the two zones were 20 and 6.9 cm of water, respectively. Pressure in the esophagus at rest was less than that in the gastric fundus. When swallowing began, the elevated pressure in the junctional zones decreased promptly, rose to high values as the peristaltic wave of deglutition swept into them, and then declined to resting levels. A peristaltic wave of high pressure swept through the esophagus with each swallow. These findings indicate that the junctional zones act as sphincters. Their behavior is identical to that in healthy human beings. The pressure pattern in the esophagus itself with swallowing is also the same in the two species, but in the dog the peristaltic wave moves faster and the rise of pressure is briefer. These differences may reflect the fact that the muscle of the dog's esophagus is entirely skeletal.

scholarly journals Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Fibrinogen and Platelet Count

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Narayanrao Gitte
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Two Parameters

Objective: Cigarette smoking is one of the major lifestyle factors influencing the health of human beings. Fibrinogen is the major plasma protein coagulation factor. Higher plasma fibrinogen concentrations are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Material & Methods: One hundred twenty healthy male smokers and one hundred twenty healthy male non-smokers among hospital employees and people from surrounding areas of Narayana Medical College, Nellore (India) were studied. The platelet count was done using Beckman Coulter Automatic Analyzer; AcT 5diffCP.Assay for plasma fibrinogen was performed using turbido-metric immunoassay. Results: The mean plasma fibrinogen concentration for smokers is 3.78 gms/L and for non-smokers 3.02 gms/L. The mean platelet count for smokers is 257325 per mm3 and for non-smokers 215483.3 per mm3. The difference between mean plasma fibrinogen and platelet count of smokers and non-smokers was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Thus we concluded that in smokers plasma fibrinogen concentration and platelet count increase significantly. Regular monitoring of these two parameters in smokers is advised DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.4261 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 181-184  

scholarly journals Adequate Iodine Intake among Young Adults in Jiangsu Province, China Despite a Medium Iodine Knowledge Score

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Jin ◽  
Xiaoqin Luo ◽  
Zheng Feei Ma ◽  
Zihan Dong ◽  
Richard Carciofo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

Lack of iodine knowledge might be a risk factor for inadequate iodine intake in populations. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between iodine knowledge and intake in young Chinese adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Suzhou, China. Iodine intake was assessed using a validated 33-item iodine-specific Chinese food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and iodine knowledge was determined using a Chinese iodine knowledge questionnaire. A total of 150 participants (mean age 20.3 years) completed the study. The median iodine intake plus iodized salt was 260 μg/d, indicating iodine sufficiency (>150 µg/d). The median iodine knowledge score was 16/24, suggesting a medium level of knowledge. The majority of participants correctly recognized fish and seafood (95%) and iodized salt (83%) as the most important dietary iodine sources. After adjusting for age and sex, studying in the science cluster and having received iodine education were the predictors of having a higher iodine knowledge score, with adjusted odd ratios (OR) of 4.33 (1.49, 12.61) and 2.73 (1.21, 6.14), respectively. In conclusion, young Chinese adults had an adequate iodine intake despite a medium iodine knowledge score. This study provides support that iodine fortification in China has been successful, but further research is required to more fully substantiate this finding.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY AND VALIDATION OF OFLOXACIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumithra M
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The objective of the study is simple, sensitive; eco-friendly reverse phase chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of ofloxacin in bulk and marketed formulation. Method: The developed method was done using Hypersil silica C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size) as column and the mobile phase is containing water and methanol in the ratio of (10:90) vol/vol. The mobile phase pass at 1 ml/min flow rate and the eluted solution is measured at 270 nm using a PDA detector. Results: The assay method is linear from the concentration range of 5–30 μg/ml. The corelation coefficient is 0.9998. The mean percentage recovery for the developed method is found to be in the range of 98.4–100.6%. The developed method complies robustness studies. Conclusion: The validation of the developed method was done by as per the ICH guidelines. It obeys the linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness studies. Validation parameters are within the limitations. The results of the developed process indicated the reverse phase chromatographic method is simple, accurate as well as precise, rapid and eco-friendly method for routine analysis of ofloxacin in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form.

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