scholarly journals Frequency and Patterns of Retinal Eye Diseases in Outpatient Department of a District Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Md Mahmud Ul Huda ◽  
Sajed Abdul Khaleque ◽  
Mohammad Habibullah ◽  
Zakia Farhana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Medicine Today

Introduction: Retinal diseases especially those due to diabetes and AMD are coming up as important causes of blindness and visual impairment. Our study is to evaluate the frequency and pattern of retinal diseases in ophthalmic outpatient department of a district hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total number of 173 referred new retina cases were reviewed at outpatient department of the 250 beded General Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh, between February 2017 and November 2017. Data was analyzed according to age, sex and clinical diagnoses and detailed fundus evaluation done with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and slit lamp using 20D and 90D lenses respectively. Results: Out of 7164 new patients,of whom 173 patients were (2.42%) presented with retinal diseases.139 patients were reviewed and followed up. Male: female ratio was 1.24:1. Out of 139 patients 77 (55.4%) were males and 62 (44.6%) females with a peak age group of 41-50 years. Diabeticrelated retinal conditions were 36 cases (25.9%), the most common cause.16 (44.44% of total DR) patients had CSME and 5(14.9%) had ADED. Diabetic retinopathy 36 cases (25.9%), Chorioretinitis 20 cases (14.4%), ARMD 11 cases (7.9%), and Optic atrophy 10 cases (7.2%). Conclusion: Retinal diseases remain an important cause of visual morbidity. There is increasing incidence of retinal blindness especially diabetic retinopathy in Bangladesh. The impression based on hospital practice is that the problem is increasing. This entails the necessity for accessible comprehensive eye care services, establishment of human resources, screening and awareness of the disease and affordable eye health policy. Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 1-4

scholarly journals Studying the clinic mycological pattern of the dermatophytic infection attending OPD in tertiary care hospital in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Gupta ◽  
Aayushi Mohan ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Superficial dermatophytic infection is infection of skin nail or hair with fungus. Nowadays, these fungal infection are at a rise and run a prolong course despite of treatment due to resistance to conventional antifungal agents. There is a felt need to conduct epidemiological study to know the change in the pattern and cause of widespread resistance. This study was aimed at identifying clinico-mycological pattern of dermatophytic infections in patients attending the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in eastern Uttar Pradesh and adjoining area.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients with suspected dermatophytoses attending the outpatient department were enrolled in the study. A detailed history, clinical examination and sample collection for mycological examinations was done.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were 500 patients recruited in the study, with a male: female ratio of 3:1. The most commonly affected age group was 20–30 years (35%). Tinea corporis et cruris was the most common type observed (31%). Potassium hydroxide positivity was seen in 390 samples (78%) and culture positivity was found in 350 samples (70%). The most common species identified was <em>Trichophyton verrucosum</em> (35.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a rise in dermatophytic infection caused by zoophilic species like <em>Trichophyton verrucousum</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Drug utilization evaluation of antibiotics in district hospital Rudraprayag

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanishk Kala ◽  
Rupinder Kaur Sodhi ◽  
Upendra Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Generic Prescribing ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Drug Utilization Evaluation

Drug utilization is very important for antibiotics as they are widely used in hospitals and their in appropriate use may lead to resistance. To check this irrational use of antibiotics and promote rational use the present retrospective study was conducted to access drug utilization evaluation of antibiotics in in patient department of District Hospital Rudraprayag for a period of three months. Overall 126 patients records were encountered in the study in which male female ratio .was 1 2. Prominent age range was 21-40. Overall 1064 drugs were prescribed average number of drug per prescription was 8.44. Percentage of drug by generic name was 33. Percentage of antibiotic prescribed was 82.74. Percentage of drugs with EDL was 66.16. Study results revealed poly-pharmacy, brand prescribing as common trends. Study showed need to promote prescribers to follow generic prescribing and use injectable and antibiotics rationally to prevent development of resistance in hospital and community. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Drug utilization, Antibiotics

scholarly journals Prevalence of eye pathology in a group of diabetic patients at National District Hospital Outpatient Department in Bloemfontein, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joleen P. Cairncross ◽  
Wilhelm J. Steinberg ◽  
Mathys J. Labuschagne
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Snellen Chart ◽  
History Of ◽  
Healthcare Interventions

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the third most common cause of blindness after cataracts and glaucoma in South Africa. Primary healthcare interventions providing eye care services play an important role in preventing complications.Aim: To determine the prevalence of eye pathology in a group of diabetic patients at National District Hospital by screening for diabetes-associated ocular pathology.Setting: Outpatients Department run by Department of Family Medicine at National District Hospital in Bloemfontein from June to July 2014.Methods: Interviews were used to collect information regarding diabetic patients’ history of diabetes mellitus and if and when previous diabetic retinopathy screening was performed. Visual acuity was assessed, intra-ocular pressure measured and a non-mydriatic digital fundus camera used to screen for retinal pathology.Results: During the last year, only 4.5% of patients had their vision checked with a Snellen chart, and 16.5% were examined with an ophthalmoscope. Since diagnosis of diabetes, only 15.5% of patients were referred to an ophthalmologist. Patient referral was needed for 87 (42.9%) cases for refractive disorders, 37 (18.2%) for suspected glaucoma, 30 (14.8%) for cataracts, and 22 (10.8%) for diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion: This study confirms that glaucoma, cataracts and diabetic retinopathy are prevalent eye conditions among diabetic patients. Offering eye screening at primary healthcare level may contribute to early detection of eye pathology and timeous referral for sight-saving treatment.

Suicide in Nógrád County, Hungary, 1970-1994

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Zonda
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
Male Female Ratio

The author examined completed suicides occurring over a period of 25 years in a county of Hungary with a traditionally low (relatively speaking) suicide rate of 25.8. The rates are clearly higher in villages than in the towns. The male/female ratio was close to 4:1, among elderly though only 1.5:1. The high risk groups are the elderly, divorced, and widowed. Violent methods are chosen in 66.4% of the cases. The rates are particularly high in the period April-July. Prior communication of suicidal intention was revealed in 16.3% of all cases. Previous attempts had been undertaken by 17%, which in turn means that 83% of suicides were first attempts. In our material 10% the victims left suicide notes. Psychiatric disorders were present in 60.1% of the cases, and severe, multiple somatic illnesses (including malignomas) were present in 8.8%. The majority of the data resemble those found in the literature.

CLINICAL, ENDOSCOPIC AND PATHOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLORECTAL CANCER AT DA NANG HOSPITAL FROM 2016 TO 2017

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Thanh Trung Nguyen ◽  
Duc Nhan Le ◽  
Van Xung Nguyen ◽  
Hieu Trung Doan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Bloody Stool ◽  
Key Words Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Right Colon ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Classification ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Female Male Female ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Objective: To study the clinical, endoscopy and pathogical characteristics of colorectal cancer at Da Nang Hospital. Methods: A retrospectively descriptive study, performed from 01/01/2016 to 31/12/2017 at Da Nang Hospital. Results: During two years, there were 205 cases of colorectal cancer patients hospitalized to Da Nang Hospital. Male: 59.51%, female: 40.49%, mean age: 65.8 ± 16.07. Male is higher than female, male/ female ratio is 1.4/1. The period from the first symptoms to admission < 3months predominated (83.8%). The predominant symptoms: Abdominal pain (85.85%), bloody stool (63.41%), defecation (62.44%), anemia (34.63%), weight loss (25.85%), fatigue (17.56%), abdominal distention (12.19%), nausea and vomiting (5.36%). Location of Lesions: Rectum (43.42%), sigmoid colon (20%), right colon (10.73%),cecum (10.73%), transverse colon (7.80%), left-colon (7.32%). Type of lesion on endoscopy: Exophytic (63.41%), ulceration-Exophytic (21.95%), ulceration (7.32%), polyp chemotherapy (7.32). Tumor size: ≥ 3/4 perimeter (39%), occupying the whole circumference (37.0%), occupying ≥ 1/2 perimeter (15.6%), accounting for 1/4 Perimeter (8.4%). The colon completely narrowed rate: 70.73%., incompletely was 29.27%. Histopathological classification: adenocarcinoma (85.85%), Mucinous adenocarcinoma: (9.27%) and non-differentiated epithelial carcinoma was 4.88%. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer was quite popular and was usually detected at advanced stages.Therefore, screening for subjects with risk factors for early detection and treatment is recommended. Key words: Colorectal cancer, endoscopy, pathogical characteristics...

CLINICAL FEATURES, INDICATIONS AND RESULT OF TRACHEOTOMY

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Duc Luu Ngo ◽  
Tu The Nguyen ◽  
Manh Hung Ho ◽  
Thanh Thai Le
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Tube Obstruction ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Level I

Background: This study aims to survey some clinical features, indications and results of tracheotomy at Hue Central Hospital and Hue University Hospital. Patients and method: Studying on 77 patients who underwent tracheotomy at all of departments and designed as an prospective, descriptive and interventional study. Results: Male-female ratio was 4/1. Mean age was 49 years. Career: farmer 44.2%, worker 27.2%, officials 14.3%, student 7.8%, other jobs 6.5%. Respiratory condition before tracheotomy: underwent intubation 62.3%, didn’t undergo intubation 37.7%. Period of stay of endotracheal tube: 1-5 days 29.2%, 6-14 days 52.1%, >14 days 18.7%. Levels of dyspnea before tracheotomy: level I 41.4%, level II 48.3%, level III 0%, 10.3% of cases didn’t have dyspnea. Twenty cases (26%) were performed as an emergency while fifty seven (74%) as elective produces. Classic indications (37.7%) and modern indications (62.3%). On the bases of the site, we divided tracheostomy into three groups: high (0%), mid (25.3%) and low (74.7%). During follow-up, 44 complications occurred in 29 patients (37.7%). Tracheobronchitis 14.3%, tube obstruction 13%, subcutaneous empysema 10.4%, hemorrhage 5%, diffcult decannulation 5.2%, tube displacement 3.9%, canule watery past 2.6%, wound infection 1.3%. The final result after tracheotomy 3 months: there are 33 patients (42.9%) were successfully decannulated. In the 33 patients who were successfully decannulated: the duration of tracheotomy ranged from 1 day to 90 days, beautiful scar (51.5%), medium scar (36.4%), bad scar (12.1%). Conclusions: In tracheotomy male were more than female, adult were more than children. The main indication was morden indication. Tracheobronchitis and tube obstruction were more common than other complications. Key words: Tracheotomy

scholarly journals Risk Factors, Pattern and Outcome of Motorcycle-associated Head Injury in Sokoto: An Analysis of 184 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Olayere Obanife ◽  
Nasiru Jinjiri Ismail ◽  
Ali Lasseini ◽  
Bello B. Shehu ◽  
Ega J. Otorkpa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Abstract Background Road traffic accident (RTA) is the eighth leading cause of death worldwide. Motorcycle-associated head injury is the leading cause of road traffic associated morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Even though the incidence and mortality of head injury from motor cycle crash is on the increase in developing countries, especially in the African continent, most of the studies published in the literature on this subject matter took place in the developed Western countries. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of data from patients managed in our institution between December 2014 and November 2016. Results One hundred and eighty-four patients were analyzed. None of the patients used safety helmet for protection. The mean age was 27.6 ± 17.2 years with male female ratio of 6.7:1. Lone crash by cyclists and collisions accounted for 66.8% and 33.1% of the cases, respectively. Passengers and riders comprised 75% of the patients, while 25% were vulnerable pedestrians. The most frequently abused substance by the patients was tramadol (65.52%). Severe head injury and pupillary abnormality were found in 23.9% and 45.5% of the patients, respectively. Cranial CT scan showed abnormalities in 40.2% of the patients. Surgery was done in 28.3% of the patients with mortality rate of 20.7%. Conclusions The use of motorcycle as a mean of transportation has caused significant negative impact on the society. Young people, who constitute the workforce, are majorly affected, and this invariably leads to a serious economic burden on the concerned families and communities.

scholarly journals AB0287 HEMATOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPY IN RHEUMATOLOGY: DATA FROM THE TUNISIAN REGISTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1442.2-1442
Author(s):  
H. Bettaieb ◽  
S. Boussaid ◽  
S. Jemmali ◽  
S. Rekik ◽  
E. Cheour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean

Background:During the last decade, the treatment of chronic inflammatory rheumatism (CIR) has been greatly improved with the advent of biotherapy.However, the use of biological treatment can lead to a number of side effects including abnormalities in the blood count.Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the different hematological side effects of biological treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthitis (SA).Methods:This study included patients with RA (ACR/EULAR 2010) and SA (ASAS 2009) registred with the Tunisian Biologic National Registry (BINAR).Patients were followed and treated with biologics for 2 years of less. Clinical data relative to biological treatment, including haematological side effects, have been collected.Results:Two hundred and ninety-eight patients (178 women and 111 men) were included in the study.The mean age was 49.2 ± 14.1 years. The male/female ratio was 0.6. The mean diseases durations for RA and SA were respectively 6.7 ± 3.5 years and 6.5 ±3.6 years.Anti-TNFα agents were prescribed in 87.9% of patients (n = 263) with respectively: Infliximab (20.4%) Etanercept (23.1%), Adalimumab (24.6%) and Certolizumab (26.5%).Tocilizumab and Rituximab were prescribed in 10.4% and 5% of the patients, respectively.Blood count abnormalities were noted in 15.4 % of patients (n=46).Neutropenia was the most frequently anomaly met on the hemogram (9.1%) followed by anemia (3.4%) and thrombocytopenia (3%). Pancytopenia was found in 11.4% of patients (n=34).The median time between biological therapy initiation and the onset of hematologic manifestations was 4.8 months [1-12]. Biological treatment was interrupted in two patients.In the other cases, the biological treatment was maintained with close monitoring of blood cell count. No case of death related to these hematological disturbances has been reported.Conclusion:In our registry, hematological side effects of biological treatment were found in 15.4% of cases and were noted with a median delay of 4.8 [1-12] months after the treatment initiation. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary results.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Retinal microglia polarization in diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Zi-Wei Yu ◽  
Hui-Yao Li ◽  
Yue Yuan ◽  
Xin-Yuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Microglia Polarization ◽  
Retinal Microglia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Retinal Neurodegeneration

Abstract Microglia, the main immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS), categorized into M1-like phenotype and M2-like phenotype, play important roles in phagocytosis, cell migration, antigen presentation, and cytokine production. As a part of CNS, retinal microglial cells (RMC) play an important role in retinal diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated that DR is not only a microvascular disease but also retinal neurodegeneration. RMC was regarded as a central role in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss RMC polarization and its possible regulatory factors in early DR, which will provide new targets and insights for early intervention of DR.

scholarly journals Eye care delivery models to improve access to eye care for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e004484
Author(s):  
Helen Burn ◽  
Lisa Hamm ◽  
Joanna Black ◽  
Anthea Burnett ◽  
Matire Harwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
High Income ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Service Delivery Models ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Delivery Models ◽  
Improve Access

PurposeGlobally, there are ~370 million Indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples typically experience worse health compared with non-Indigenous people, including higher rates of avoidable vision impairment. Much of this gap in eye health can be attributed to barriers that impede access to eye care services. We conducted a scoping review to identify and summarise service delivery models designed to improve access to eye care for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries.MethodsSearches were conducted on MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health in January 2019 and updated in July 2020. All study designs were eligible if they described a model of eye care service delivery aimed at populations with over 50% Indigenous peoples. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles and completed data charting. We extracted data on publication details, study context, service delivery interventions, outcomes and evaluations, engagement with Indigenous peoples and access dimensions targeted. We summarised findings descriptively following thematic analysis.ResultsWe screened 2604 abstracts and 67 studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Studies were focused on Indigenous peoples in Australia (n=45), USA (n=11), Canada (n=7), New Zealand (n=2), Taiwan (n=1) and Greenland (n=1). The main disease focus was diabetic retinopathy (n=30, 45%), followed by ‘all eye care’ (n=16, 24%). Most studies focused on targeted interventions to increase availability of services. Fewer than one-third of studies reported involving Indigenous communities when designing the service. 41 studies reflected on whether the model improved access, but none undertook rigorous evaluation or quantitative assessment.ConclusionsThe geographical and clinical scope of service delivery models to improve access to eye care for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries is narrow, with most studies focused on Australia and services for diabetic retinopathy. More and better engagement with Indigenous communities is required to design and implement accessible eye care services.

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