In vitro Inhibitory Activity of Ethanolic Fruit Extract from Averrhoa bilimbi L. against Streptococcus pyogenes Bacteria

Averrhoa bilimbi L., popularly known as belimbing wuluh, is a common plant used as traditional medicine and cooking ingredients in Indonesia. Averrhoa bilimbi fruit contains many active substances as antibacterial such as tannin, formic acid, flavonoids, saponins, peroxides, and triterpenoids. Streptococcus pyogenes is a pathogenic bacteria that can cause respiratory infections. This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract at various concentrations on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes. This study was a true experimental with post test only control design. The inhibitory activity was assessed by the KirbyBauer’s disc diffusion method with four different extract concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%), 96% EtOH as negative control, and Amoxicillin antibiotic as positif control. The EtOH extract showed the mean diameter of inhibition zone of 20% extract was 11.43 mm (strong), 40% extract was 19.13 mm (strong), 60% extract was 24.58 mm (very strong), 80% extract was 30.99 mm (very strong), and the negative control (96% EtOH) was 0.00 mm. Least Significant Difference test showed there were significant different of inhibition zone in each extract concentrations of Averrhoa bilimbi L. against Streptococcus pyogenes with the strongest inhibitory activity is 80% extract concentration. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi, Inhibitory activity, Streptococcus pyogenes

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI KAPULAGA JAWA (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) TERHADAP Streptococcus pyogenes

EKOLOGIA ◽

10.33751/ekologia.v20i1.1985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Oom Komala ◽

. Ismanto ◽

Muhammad Alan Maulana

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Natural Treatment ◽

Amomum Compactum

Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes pharyngitis. Natural treatment to overcome these problems is to use cardamom seeds. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity, determine the concentration of inhibitory zone and phytochemical compounds from ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (Amomum compactum Soland. Ex Maton) against Streptococcus pyogenes. The method is used solid dilution and paper disc diffusion method. The solid dilution method is used for the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test with a concentration of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% while the paper diffusion method is used for the Inhibition zone Diameter (IZD) using five treatments namely three concentrations of ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (7.5%, 10% and 12%), one positive control of amoxicillin 0.01 mg/mL and one negative control of sterile distilled water. IZD data were analyzed using ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% and α = 0.05 and Duncan's further tests to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the MIC was at a concentration of 7.5% while for the IZD test which had the highest activity there was a concentration of 12% with an average inhibition diameter of 12.03 ± 0.14 mm. In addition, ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins which function in antibacterial activity.

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PERBEDAAN ZONA HAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI REBUSAN DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum) SECARA IN VITRO

Meditory : The Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.33992/m.v5i2.138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nyoman Mastra

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractBackground Staphylococcus aureus is one of causes infection and this bacteria have been resistence for many antibiotic. Bay leaf have antibacterials substance, which stew leaves can be treat infection caused Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of water stew of bay leaf.Method The method of this study is true experiment with posstest only control design, and used Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method with various concentrations of water stewed of bay leaf (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,100%), positive control (chloramfenicol 30 μg) and negative control (sterile distilled water). Result The result showed that the average diameter of inhibition zone in concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% is 7 mm, 8,4 mm, 9,6 mm, 10,5 mm and 11,5 mm. Based on statistical analysis using oneway ANOVA available the value of p (0,000) α (0,05), so the inhibition zone is significant difference of growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of stewed water bay leaf. Conclusion Water stew of bay leaf can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, and there are differences in growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of water stew of bay leaf. Keywords: stew of bay leaf; Staphylococcus aureus; inhibition zone

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Prevalence of Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus spp. Among children and the effect of some Lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strain on it

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.13.2.218-227 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 218-227

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Bacterial Isolate ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Laboratory Culture ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Str System

In this study 100 samples were collected from infected children with acute and chronic tonsillitis who attended to Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital (ENT consultation clinic) from 5/12/2013 to 1/3/2014. The result of laboratory culture was positive in 67 samples. Depending on their cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial isolate of them were identified as (37.31%) belonged to Streptococcus pyogenes and the diagnosis is confirmed by the use of Remel Rapid STR System, (34.32%) belonged to S.parasanguinis, (11.94%) S.mitis, (11.94%) S.oralis and (4.47%) S.thoraltensis . Results confirmed that cup assay gave highest inhibition zone after 24 hrs compare with well diffusion methods for suspension of L.acidophilus gave highest inhibition zone after 48 hrs for incubation, while ahigh inhibition zone revealed for suspension of L.fermentum after 24 hrs incubation. the study included also the measurement of the inhibition activity for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus bacteria against pathogenic bacteria on nutrient agar by well diffusion method in which results revealed stability of the bacteriocins produced towards PH which kept its activity with PH 4-6 for 24 hrs, and the highest stability was with PH 4, however it lost a lot of its activity with acidic PH less than 2 and alkaline PH as 8. The treatment of bacteriocins with salts such as Nacl it revealed little effect in inhibition zone within 1 & 2% concetrations. The salt MgSo4 & Kcl showed reduction in the inhibitory activity in the low concentration, however the higher concentration of salt caused great reduction and 5% concentration led to loss of inhibitory activity for bacteriocins completely.

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Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Ethanolic Extract Leaves

Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.18343/jipi.26.4.562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 562-568

Author(s):

Retno Widowati ◽

Sri Handayani ◽

Ahmad Ridho Al Fikri

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Negative Control ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Bacteria Growth ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of the current research was to perform phytochemical screening and to know the pathogenic antibacterial activities of senggani leaves extract. Phytochemical screening was done by testing eight active compounds. Antibacterial activities testing was done by using well diffusion method at concentration level of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. Positive control was amoxicillin, while the negative control was aquadest. Meanwhile, pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Research design applied was complete random design, in which the data collected were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, continued by post-hoc test through Tukey method to know which concentration provide the most significant difference. Research results showed that ethanolic extract of senggani leaves has eight active compounds, those are phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, glycosides, steroids, and saponins. This further proved that the ethanolic extract of senggani leaves have antibacterial activity and are able to inhibit the growth of all bacteria tested. The best ability shown to inhibit E. coli bacteria was at concentration of 100%, Sh. dysenteriae and P. aeruginosa started at the concentration of 75%, and S. aureus started at the concentration of 50%. Keywords: active compounds, bacteria growth, inhibition, well diffusion

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Bawang Batak Bulbs (Allium Chinense G. Don) Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Sumatera Medical Journal ◽

10.32734/sumej.v2i2.1065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 67-71

Author(s):

Tiasarah Aretha ◽

Nelva Karmila Jusuf

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Alternative Therapy ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Allium Chinense ◽

Concentration Levels

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus infection can cause pyoderma. These days there is a shift in Staphylococcus aureus sensitivity to antibiotics that is marked by the existence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccus aureus, so alternative therapy that is herbal medicine might be needed. There are a lot of medicinal plants in Indonesia, but until today the usage is still minimum. One of the plant genus that is already being used is allium that had been known to have antimicrobial activity. The genus allium that is consumed a lot by Indonesians especially people of North Sumatra is bawang batak (Allium chinense G.Don.). This study is conducted to assess the antimicrobial activity of bawang batak bulbs in several concentrations to MRSA. Methods: This research is an experimental research with agar diffusion method. The extracts were divided into six groups: extracts in concentration level of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100% and a negative control (DMSO). The sample size is four per group with total sample of 24. Results: The results showed that the inhibition of bacterial growth occured at the concentration levels of 50% and 100% with inhibition zone diameters of 8.695 mm and 10.545 mm respectively. Extracts with concentration levels of 25%, 12.5% and 6.25% did not show any inhibition. Conclusion: Bawang batak bulbs extract can be used to inhibit the growth of MRSA

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Uji in vitro Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Batang Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) terhadap Shigella dysenteriae

Pustaka Kesehatan ◽

10.19184/pk.v6i2.7665 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 262

Author(s):

Yunita Wulansari ◽

Enny Suswati ◽

Septa Surya Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Alternative Therapy ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Control Group ◽

High Morbidity

Shigella dysenteriae is bacteria that caused diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. Resistance and toxicity has reported in some antibiotics therapy towards S. dysentriae. Therefore, alternative therapy based on herbal plants is needed. Chymbopogon citratus oil can be used as an antibacterial to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutans, all strains Staphlylococcus sp, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. This study aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of C. citratus oils on the growth of S. dysentriae and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). This type of research was a quasi experimental. Antibacterial activity test performed by diffusion method. Subjects in this study were S. dysentriae. C. citratus oil concentration used were 15 μl/ml, 20 μl/ml, 25 μl/ml, 30 μl/ml, 35 μl/ml and 40 μl/ml. Positive control group was given ciprofloxacin 5 μl/ml and a negative control group was given tween-80. Inhibition zone was observed at a concentration of 25 µl/ml (P3). The MIC of C. citratus oils againts S. dysentriae was at a concentration of 25 µl/ml. Kruskal Wallis analysis showed that p=0.000 and α=0.05, it was revealed that there were differences between antibacterial activity amoung tested group with different concentration. Keywords: Shigella dysenteriae, Chymbopogon citratus oil, antibacterial

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The Difference of Antibacterial Power between Cocoa Peel (Theobroma Cacao L.) Extract 6% compared to Chlorhexidine Digluconate 2% Againts Streptococcus mutans (In vitro)

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v11i1.2021.1-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Alissa Amanda ◽

Tamara Yuanita ◽

Galih Sampoerno

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Theobroma Cacao L ◽

Peel Extract

Background: Before restoration, it is necessary to clean the cavity from the smear layer and residual bacteria such as Sreptococcus mutans using a 'gold standard' cavity cleanser, namely 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), however CHX 2% has a disadvantage of having a toxic effect on fibroblasts, osteoblasts, myoblasts, odontoblast-like cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, and buccal epithelial cells. The shortcomings of the 2% CHX triggered researchers to look for alternative cavity cleansers that are more biocompatible, namely cocoa peel extract because it contains of antibacterial compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terponoids with a non-toxic 6% concentration. Purpose: To analyze the difference of antibacterial activity between cocoa peel extract with a concentration of 6% compared to chlorhexidine digluconate 2% against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This research was an in vitro laboratory experimental study with the posttest only control group design which included two treatment groups, namely 6% cocoa peel extract and 2% CHX. This research was conducted using the inhibition zone diffusion method against S. mutans to see the antibacterial power of each sample. Results: There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in the mean diameter of the inhibition zone between 6% cacao peel extract, namely 11.5406 mm and CHX 2%, namely 13.2156 mm. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine digluconate 2% has a greater antibacterial power than 6% cocoa peel extract (Theobroma cacao L.) against Streptococcus mutans.

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The Antibacterial Effect of Ethanol Edamame Seeds (Glycine Max (L) Merril) Extract to E.coli Bacteria

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v6i3.11120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Diayu Putri Akhita ◽

Edy Junaidi ◽

Septa Surya Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Average Diameter ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The Times

Abstract Infectious diseases can occur in all parts of the body. One of the causes infection in humans is Eschericiae coli bacteria. Eschericiae coli is a rod-shaped bacteria, a gram negative bacteria, facultative aerobics and classified family member of Enterobacteriaceae from the Gammaproteobacteria class. Along the times, E.coli bacteria have resistent to some antibiotics. So we need a new alternative. There is a antibacterial substance in the isoflavon group contained in edamame. Genistein is a main isoflavon in edamame that have antiinflammation, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to determine is there any antibacterial effects in ethanol edamame seeds extract to E.coli bacteria. This study used a true experimental research design in vitro with a post test only control group design. The average diameter results of the inhibition zone were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis method and obtained p = 0.001 which means there are significant differences in at least two groups. After that, the Mann Whitney post hoc test was conducted and a significant difference was found in the positive and negative control groups for all groups but there was no difference in the treatment group, both groups K1, K2 and K3 for all groups. Keywords : Edamame, Antibacterial, E.coli

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25. The effect of Fingerroot Rhizome (Boesenbergia pandurata) Extract on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Vitro

Jurnal Medika Veterinaria ◽

10.21157/j.med.vet..v13i2.3654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Silvia P.N Keliat ◽

Darniati Darniati ◽

Abdul Harris ◽

Erina Erina ◽

Rinidar Rinidar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Final Conclusion ◽

Distilled Water

This study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect and the concentration of fingerroot extract to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth. The data was analyzed descriptively. Ampicillin was used as positive control, distilled water was used as negative control, and the treatments were given fingerroot extract with a concentration of 5%, 15%, 25%, 35% and 45%. This study was conducted with three replications. The parameter measured was the diameter of inhibition zone formed by diffusion method. The average diameter of inhibition zone of the fingerroot extract were 15% : 10.3 mm; 25% : 13,6mm; 35% : 18,7mm; 45% ± 21,1mm, and at a concentration of 5% the inhibition zone is not formed. The final conclusion is that the fingerroot extract can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The higher concentration of fingerroot extract, the more extensive inhibition zone formed.

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PERBEDAAN ZONA HAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BIDURI SECARA IN VITRO

Meditory : The Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.33992/m.v6i1.227 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nyoman Mastra

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria that can cause infection. Biduri leaf has antibacterial compound such as tannin, flavonoid, saponin, and polyphenol.Objective This study aimed to know the difference of growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at the various concentration of ethanol extract of biduri leaf and to determine an effective concentration.Methods This study was the true experiment with posttest only control design, used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with five concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,100%), positive control (chloramphenicol 30 µg) and negative control (ethanol 96%).Result The result of this study showed the average of inhibition zone diameter of each concentration consecutively 26,2 mm, 28,3 mm, 29,7 mm, 31 mm and 31,5 mm. One Way Anova statistic analysis showed that the value of p is 0.000 so there is the difference of growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of ethanol extract of a biduri leaf.Conclusion The conclusion of this study is there are differences in growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of ethanol extract of biduri leaf and an effective concentration that can inhibit of Staphylococcus aureus is concentration 20% with mean inhibition zone is 26,2 mm. Keywords: ethanol extract of biduri leaf; Staphylococcus aureus; inhibition zone

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