scholarly journals Rational Design of Smart Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyu Zhang ◽  
Yishun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Supramolecular Interactions ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Complicated Situation

Hydrogels are polymeric three-dimensional network structures with high water content. Due to their superior biocompatibility and low toxicity, hydrogels play a significant role in the biomedical fields. Hydrogels are categorized by the composition from natural polymers to synthetic polymers. To meet the complicated situation in the biomedical applications, suitable host–guest supramolecular interactions are rationally selected. This review will have an introduction of hydrogel classification based on the formulation molecules, and then a discussion over the rational design of the intelligent hydrogel to the environmental stimuli such as temperature, irradiation, pH, and targeted biomolecules. Further, the applications of rationally designed smart hydrogels in the biomedical field will be presented, such as tissue repair, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. Finally, the perspectives and the challenges of smart hydrogels will be outlined.

scholarly journals Interpenetrating polymeric hydrogels as favorable materials for hygienic applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5011-5020
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Polymers can crosslink to produce intermingled materials with three-dimensional network structure known as interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN). They comprise elastic crosslinked polymeric chains. The chains of the hydrogels are either physically or chemically entangled together. Interpenetrating hydrogels can be tailored to provide enhanced materials. They can be classified according to methods of their synthesis as simultaneous or sequential IPNs and the structure to be homo or semi IPNs. The preparation factors play a role in controlling the properties of the produced IPNs. Moreover, the ambient conditions such as pH, temperature as well as the ionic strength may affect the performance of these hydrogels. The swelling capacity is an important feature that allows the prepared hydrogel to perform the required application. Some disadvantages may arise such as the low mechanical properties that are suggested to be overcome. IPNs can be used in various applications that serve the human requirements like drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical and packaging applications. Hydrogels present biocompatibility and nontoxicity when used in biomedical applications. Interpenetrating hydrogels can be prepared from natural or synthetic polymers. Polysaccharides as natural polymers can be used to produce efficient interpenetrating hydrogels. Polyacrylates, poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(vinyl alcohol) are designated as promising synthetic polymers capable of forming interpenetrating hydrogels.

scholarly journals Calix[4]arene-Based MOFs Controlled by Length of Alkyldiammonium Guests

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1713-C1713
Author(s):  
Ki-Min Park ◽  
Eunji Lee ◽  
Huiyeong Ju ◽  
Suk-Hee Moon ◽  
Shim Sung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Supramolecular Interactions ◽  
Solvothermal Reaction ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Guest Species ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Alternative Conformation

Our interest in the development of MOFs with the cavities controlled by guest species has led us to investigate the MOFs based on calix[4]arene derivatives, in which metal ions link the calix unit to give the networks with the cavities accommodating several guest species, because the calix[4]arene-based MOFs contain porosity associated with both the ligand itself and the structural framework. In the present work, we employed a low rim-functionalized calix[4]arene tetraacetic acid (H4CTA) with 1,3-alternative conformation as a multidentate building block and alkyldiamines as the guest molecules. In the solvothermal reaction of H4CTA and Zn(II) ion in the presence of alkyldiamines, two types of new MOFs based on calix[4]arene tetraacetate (CTA4-) depending on the lengths of α,ω–alkyldiammonium guests have been synthesized by including suitable alkyldiammonium guests. Their single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the short alkyldiammonium guests such as ethyldiammonium, propyldiammonium, and butyldiammonium lead to form two-dimensional framework with the cavity consisting of two CTA4-and four Zn(II) ions whereas the alkyldiammonium guests such as heptyldiammonium, octyldiammonium, nonyldiammonium, and decyldiammonium give rise to generate three-dimensional network with the cavity surrounded by six CTA4-and four Zn(II) ions. The alkyldiammonium guests in both MOFs are well accommodated by each cavity via a variety of supramolecular interactions including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. We will present and discuss a study on the syntheses and characterization of two new MOFs based on calix[4]arene derivative.

scholarly journals Xanthan Gum–Konjac Glucomannan Blend Hydrogel for Wound Healing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Alves ◽  
Sónia P. Miguel ◽  
André R.T.S. Araujo ◽  
María José de Jesús Valle ◽  
Amparo Sánchez Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Application ◽  
High Water Content

Hydrogels are considered to be the most ideal materials for the production of wound dressings since they display a three-dimensional structure that mimics the native extracellular matrix of skin as well as a high-water content, which confers a moist environment at the wound site. Until now, different polymers have been used, alone or blended, for the production of hydrogels aimed for this biomedical application. From the best of our knowledge, the application of a xanthan gum–konjac glucomannan blend has not been used for the production of wound dressings. Herein, a thermo-reversible hydrogel composed of xanthan gum–konjac glucomannan (at different concentrations (1% and 2% w/v) and ratios (50/50 and 60/40)) was produced and characterized. The obtained data emphasize the excellent physicochemical and biological properties of the produced hydrogels, which are suitable for their future application as wound dressings.

Fiber Filled Hybrid Hydrogel for Bio-Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
MD Habib ◽  
Bashir Khoda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Abstract The extrusion based three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing deposits cell-laden bio-ink with high spatial resolution and may offer living tissue regeneration. Due to the biocompatibility, very low cytotoxicity, and high-water content, natural hydrogels are commonly considered as the cell-laden bio-ink for scaffold fabrication. However, due to the low mechanical integrity, a large-scale scaffold (> 10 layers) with intricate architecture is a challenge. In this paper, we developed and characterize a novel bio-ink consisting of alginate, CMC, and TO-NFC for bio-printing applications. The potential of cellulose derivatives in terms of rheological property to satisfy scaffold architecture and cell viability is explored with a relatively small amount of solid content (<5%). By combining alginate, CMC, and TO-NFC as a hybrid hydrogel, we design to overcome their individual challenges as bio-ink. At the design stage, we have considered two main characteristics, printability and shape fidelity with quantitative indices. We studied the rheological characteristics for determining the suitable composition for extrusion bio-printing. Our investigation suggests an optimal material composition that can print 42 layers and a 9 mm tall scaffold structure. The proposed hybrid hydrogel is used to prepare bio-ink encapsulating cells and cell viability is measured as 90% after 10 days of incubation.

Additional Article Notification: Rational design and applications of conducting polymer hydrogels as electrochemical biosensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (25) ◽  
pp. 5111-5121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Li ◽  
Ye Shi ◽  
Lijia Pan ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Guihua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are conducting polymer-based materials that contain high water content and have physical properties, resembling the extracellular environment.

scholarly journals RECENT ADVANCES IN HYDROGELS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Surojeet Das ◽  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Rini Tiwari ◽  
Leena Singh ◽  
Sachidanand Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Synthetic And Natural Polymers

Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric network, capable of entrapping substantial amounts of fluids. Hydrogels are formed due to physical or chemical cross-linking in different synthetic and natural polymers. Recently, hydrogels have been receiving much attention for biomedical applications due to their innate structure and compositional similarities to the extracellular matrix. Hydrogels fabricated from naturally derived materials provide an advantage for biomedical applications due to their innate cellular interactions and cellular-mediated biodegradation. Synthetic materials have the advantage of greater tunability when it comes to the properties of hydrogels. There has been considerable progress in recent years in addressing the clinical and pharmacological limitations of hydrogels for biomedical applications. The primary objective of this article is to review the classification of hydrogels based on their physical and chemical characteristics. It also reviews the technologies adopted for hydrogel fabrication and the different applications of hydrogels in the modern era.

Engineering of nanometer-sized cross-linked hydrogels for biomedical applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Kwon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
High Water ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Surface Areas

Microgels/nanogels (micro/nanogels) are promising drug-delivery systems (DDS) because of their unique properties, including tunable chemical and physical structures, good mechanical properties, high water content, and biocompatibility. They also feature sizes tunable to tens of nanometers, large surface areas, and interior networks. These properties demonstrate the great potential of micro/nanogels for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and bionanotechnology. This mini-review describes the current approaches for the preparation and engineering of effective micro/nanogels for drug-delivery applications. It emphasizes issues of degradability and bioconjugation, as well as loading/encapsulation and release of therapeutics from customer-designed micro/nanogels.

scholarly journals The Polymer Binders for the Electrodes of Lithium Batteries Part 2. Synthetic and Natural Polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-205
Author(s):  
Aigul S. Istomina ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Bushkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Polymer Binders ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Cross Links

The second part of the review describes the prospects of using alternative polymer binders for composite electrodes of lithium electrochemical systems. Possible options having been taken into account, the most popular commercially-available synthetic polymers with functional group (the ones forming aqueous solutions or dispersions predominantly) and water-soluble polymers of natural origin are considered. The versatility of such materials is their distinctive feature. The availability of salt forms for natural and synthetic polymers, many of which are polyelectrolytes, makes it possible to significantly affect the ion transfer in the composite electrode mass, reducing the polarization of the electrodes and improving the power characteristics of batteries. The ability to form “artificial SEI” and / or form a three-dimensional network with self-healing cross-links between macromolecules allows long-term safe cycling, the latter being especially important for active materials with very large volume changes during lithium intercalation / deintercalation (e.g. silicon).

Nanocellulose-based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalnath John ◽  
Wen Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used

Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks capable of absorbing and holding a large amount of water. They have a wide range of biomedical applications including drug carriers, biosensors, tissue scaffolds and wound dressings owning to their innate resemblance to the living tissue. Recently biodegradable and renewable natural polymers, especially nanocellulose, have gained immense attention in the development of hydrogels for biomedical applications. This review provides a brief analysis of the various nanocellulosic materials used in the fabrication of hydrogels for various biomedical applications. Recent developments in high performance hydrogels based on nanocellulose, including self-healing, highly tough and/or stretchable and 3D printable hydrogels will also be covered in this review.

Rational design and applications of conducting polymer hydrogels as electrochemical biosensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (15) ◽  
pp. 2920-2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Li ◽  
Ye Shi ◽  
Lijia Pan ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Guihua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are conducting polymer-based materials that contain high water content and have physical properties, resembling the extracellular environment.

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