scholarly journals Effects of peanut meal extracts fermented by Bacillus natto on the growth performance, learning and memory skills and gut microbiota modulation in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Jiang ◽  
Haoyue Ding ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yuxi Wei ◽  
Yuanjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bacillus Natto ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that the nutritional properties of peanut meal (PM) can be improved after being fermented. The assessment of fermented PM has been reported to be limited to various physical and chemical evaluations in vitro. In the present study, PM was fermented by Bacillus natto to explore the effects of fermented PM extract (FE) on growth performance, learning and memory ability and intestinal microflora in mice. Ninety newly weaned male Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into seven groups: normal group (n 20), low-dose FE group (n 10), middle-dose FE group (MFE) (n 10), high-dose FE group (HFE) (n 20), unfermented extraction group (n 10), model group (10) and natural recovery group (10). Learning and memory skills were performed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and the variation in gut microbiota (GM) composition was assessed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The results show that HFE remarkably improved the growth performance in mice. In the MWM test, escape latency was shortened in both MFE and HFE groups, while the percentage of time, distance in target quadrant and the number crossing over the platform were significantly increased in the HFE group. Moreover, the FE played a preventive role in the dysbacteriosis of mice induced by antibiotic and increased the richness and species evenness of GM in mice.

scholarly journals Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist Eltrombopag Prevents Insulin Resistance and Synaptic Pathology via HIF1α/COX2/Sirt1 Signaling Pathway 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
he yu ◽  
xuebao wang ◽  
leping liu ◽  
baihui chen ◽  
shuya feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist ◽  
Synaptic Formation

Abstract Background: Insulin resistance has been reported to be closely correlated with the pathogenesis of MHE. The mechanism underlying the effects of thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag (ELT) on synaptic activity and formation involved in MHE pathogenesis remains unclear. Methods: The effect of ELT on neurodegeneration and insulin resistance was examined in the primary rat neurons and an MHE rat model. Results: We found that the level of thrombopoietin receptor c-MPL (MPL) expression was decreased in MHE brains, and ELT administration improved insulin resistance, alleviated the destruction of synaptic formation and enhanced learning and memory in the MHE rats, indicating the relationship between dowregulated ELT and insulin resistance. Then in vitro, ELT treatment ameliorated the impairment of glucose uptake, indicating the reduction of insulin resistance. High dose of glucose inhibited insulin-stimulated downregulation of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) expression, the inhibition of inflammatory response and upregulation of sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), destruction of synaptic formation and activity, which were all reversed by ELT treatment in insulin resistant neurons.Conclusions: These results indicate that ELT is a promising potential therapeutic agent for insulin resistance and defect in learning and memory.

scholarly journals Effect of Astragaloside IV on Neural Stem Cell Transplantation in Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Haiyan ◽  
Yang Rensong ◽  
Jin Guoqin ◽  
Zhang Xueli ◽  
Xia Huaying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Astragaloside Iv ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Stem cell-based therapy is a promising treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying the maintenance of renewal and replacement capabilities of endogenous progenitor cells or engrafted stem cells in a pathological environment remains elusive. To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV (ASI) on the proliferation and differentiation of the engrafted neural stem cells (NSCs), we cultured NSCs from the hippocampus of E14 rat embryos, treated the cells with ASI, and then transplanted the cells into the hippocampus of rat AD models.In vitroexperimentation showed that 10−5 M ASI induced NSCs to differentiate intoβ-tubulin III+and GFAP+cells. NSCs transplantation into rat AD models resulted in improvements in learning and memory, especially in the ASI-treated groups. ASI treatment resulted in an increase in the number ofβ-tubulin III+cells in the hippocampus. Further investigation showed that ASI inhibited PS1 expressionin vitroandin vivo. The high-dose ASI downregulated the Notch intracellular domain, whereas the low-dose ASI increased Notch-1 and NICD. In conclusion, ASI treatment resulted in improvements in learning and memory of AD models by promoting NSC proliferation and differentiation partly through the Notch signal pathway.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum BW2013 on The Gut Microbiota in Mice Analyzed by 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
TONG TONG ◽  
XIAOHUI NIU ◽  
QIAN LI ◽  
YUXI LING ◽  
ZUMING LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Medium Dose

Lactobacillus plantarum BW2013 was isolated from the fermented Chinese cabbage. This study aimed to test the effect of this strain on the gut microbiota in BALB/c mice by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The mice were randomly allocated to the control group and three treatment groups of L. plantarum BW2013 (a low-dose group of 108 CFU/ml, a medium-dose group of 109 CFU/ml, and a high-dose group of 1010 CFU/ml). The weight of mice was recorded once a week, and the fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing after 28 days of continuous treatment. Compared with the control group, the body weight gain in the treatment groups was not significant. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis showed that both the Chao1 and ACE indexes increased slightly in the medium-dose group compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant. Based on PCoA results, there was no significant difference in β diversity between the treatment groups. Compared to the control group, the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased in the low-dose group. The abundance of Firmicutes increased in the medium-dose group. At the genus level, the abundance of Alloprevotella increased in the low-dose group compared to the control group. The increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and decreased abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas was observed in the medium-dose group. Additionally, the abundance of Bacteroides increased, and Alistipes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas decreased in the high-dose group. These results indicated that L. plantarum BW2013 could ameliorate gut microbiota composition, but its effects vary with the dose.

scholarly journals Pyruvate Might Bridge Gut Microbiota and Muscle Health in Aging Mice After Chronic High Dose of Leucine Supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiao Liao ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Xiaolei Zhou ◽  
Zhao Peng ◽  
Zitong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pyruvate Fermentation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Muscle Health

Background: The previous studies demonstrated that there might be complex and close relationships among leucine supplementation, gut microbiota, and muscle health, which still needs further investigation.Aims: This study aimed to explore the associations of gut microbiota with muscle health after leucine intake.Methods: In this study, 19-month-old male C57BL/6j mice (n = 12/group) were supplemented with ultrapure water, low dose of leucine (500 mg/kg·d), and high dose of leucine (1,250 mg/kg·d) for 12 weeks by oral gavage. The mice fecal samples in each group before and after supplementation were collected for baseline and endpoint gut microbiota analysis by using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Meanwhile, ultrasound measurement, H&E staining, myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement, and western blotting were performed in the quadriceps subsequently. The pyruvate levels were detected in feces.Results: Improvement in muscle of histology and ultrasonography were observed after both low and high dose of leucine supplementation. High dose of leucine supplementation could promote skeletal muscle health in aging mice via regulating AMPKα/SIRT1/PGC-1α. The richness and diversities of microbiota as well as enriched metabolic pathways were altered after leucine supplementation. Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly decreased in high-leucine group. Moreover, pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I were negatively associated with differential species and the pyruvate levels were significantly increased in feces after high dose of leucine supplementation.Conclusions: Chronic high dose of leucine supplementation changed gut microbiota composition and increased pyruvate levels in the feces, which possibly provides a novel direction for promoting muscle health in aging mice.

scholarly journals Distinct Gut Microbiota Induced by Different Fat-to-Sugar-Ratio High-Energy Diets Share Similar Pro-obesity Genetic and Metabolite Profiles in Prediabetic Mice

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Shan ◽  
Hongyan Qu ◽  
Keru Zhou ◽  
Liangfang Wang ◽  
Congmin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients

ABSTRACT Gut microbiota play important roles in host metabolism, especially in diabetes. However, why different diets lead to similar diabetic states despite being associated with different microbiota is not clear. Mice were fed two high-energy diets (HED) with the same energy density but different fat-to-sugar ratios to determine the associations between the microbiota and early-stage metabolic syndrome. The two diets resulted in different microbiota but similar diabetic states. Interestingly, the microbial gene profiles were not significantly different, and many common metabolites were identified, including l-aspartic acid, cholestan-3-ol (5β, 3α), and campesterol, which have been associated with lipogenesis and inflammation. Our study suggests that different metabolic-syndrome-inducing diets may result in different microbiota but similar microbiomes and metabolomes. This suggests that the metagenome and metabolome are crucial for the prognosis and pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic syndrome. IMPORTANCE Various types of diet can lead to type 2 diabetes. The gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic patients are also different. So, two questions arise: whether there are any commonalities between gut microbiota induced by different pro-obese diets and whether these commonalities lead to disease. Here we found that high-energy diets with two different fat-to-sugar ratios can both cause obesity and prediabetes but enrich different gut microbiota. Still, these different gut microbiota have similar genetic and metabolite compositions. The microbial metabolites in common between the diets modulate lipid accumulation and macrophage inflammation in vivo and in vitro. This work suggests that studies that only use 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to determine how the microbes respond to diet and associate with diabetic state are missing vital information.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanoencapsulated Alginate-Synbiotic on Gut Microflora Balance, Immunity, and Growth Performance of Growing Rabbits

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4191
Author(s):  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Nourhan S. Hosny ◽  
Nagwa I. El-Desoky ◽  
Mohamed G. Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Blood Samples

A synbiotic comprising Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SCY) and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) has been encapsulated using nanotechnology. This duo is used as a dietary supplement for growing rabbits. Physicochemical analyses, in vitro antimicrobial activity, and gastrointestinal system evaluation were used to evaluate the quality of the nanofabricated synbiotic. The in vivo study was conducted using 40-day-old male growing rabbits (n = 16 rabbits/group) to evaluate the effect of the nanofabricated synbiotic on the health and growth performance of examined rabbits. Rabbits were equally allocated into four groups; (a) NCS, which received a basal diet supplemented with a noncapsulated 11 × 1012 CFU SCY + 0.15 g MOLE/kg diet, (b) LCS: those receiving a nanoencapsulated 5.5 × 1012 CFU SCY + 0.075 g MOLE/kg diet, (c) HCS: those receiving an 11 × 1012 CFU SCY + 0.15 g MOLE/kg diet, and (d) CON: those receiving a basal diet without treatment (control). The treatments continued from day 40 to day 89 of age. During the experimental period, growth performance variables, including body weight (BW), feed consumption, BW gain, and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 40 of age and immediately before the start of the treatments to confirm the homogeneity of rabbits among groups. On day 89 of age, blood samples, intestinal, and cecal samples were individually collected from eight randomly selected rabbits. The size and polydispersity index of the nanofabricated synbiotic were 51.38 nm and 0.177, respectively. Results revealed that the encapsulation process significantly improved yeast survival through the gastrointestinal tract, specifically in stomach acidic conditions, and significantly increased in vitro inhibitory activities against tested pathogens. Furthermore, treatments had no negative effects on hematobiochemical variables but significantly improved levels of blood plasma, total protein, and insulin-like growth factor-l. Compared to the CON, NCS, and LCS treatments, the HCS treatment increased the amount of intestinal and cecal yeast cells (p < 0.05) and Lactobacillus bacteria (p < 0.05) and decreased number of Salmonella (p < 0.05) and Coliform (p = 0.08) bacteria. Likewise, both LCS and HCS significantly improved the small intestine and cecum lengths compared to CON and NCS. The HCS treatment also significantly improved BW gain and feed conversion compared to CON treatment, whereas the NCS and LCS treatments showed intermediate values. Conclusively, the nanoencapsulation process improved the biological efficiency of the innovative synbiotic used in this study. A high dose of encapsulated synbiotic balanced the gut microflora, resulting in the growth of rabbits during the fattening period.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture could balance the gut microbiota and improve the learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer’s disease animal model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259530
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Zidong Wang ◽  
Huiling Tian ◽  
Shun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
Samp8 Mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as one of most common dementia, mainly affects older people from the worldwide. In this study, we intended to explore the possible mechanism of improving cognitive function and protecting the neuron effect by electroacupuncture. Method: We applied senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as AD animal model, used Morris water maze, HE staining, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of gut microbiota and ELISA to demonstrate our hypothesis. Results: electroacupuncture improved the learning and memory abilities in SAMP8 mice (P<0.05) and could protect the frontal lobe cortex and hippocampus of SAMP8 mice; electroacupuncture significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β (P<0.01), IL-6 (P<0.01) and TNF-α (P<0.01 in hippocampus, P<0.05 in serum) in serum and hippocampus; electroacupuncture balanced the quantity and composition of gut microbiome, especially of the relative abundance in Delta-proteobacteria (P<0.05) and Epsilon-proteobacteria (P<0.05). Conclusion: electroacupuncture treatment could inhibit the peripheral and central nerve system inflammatory response by balancing the gut microbiota.

Peanut meal extract fermented with Bacillus natto attenuates physiological and behavioral deficits in a D-galactose-induced aging rat model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Haoyue Ding ◽  
Zichao Li ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yuanjie Zhang ◽  
Yanping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Aging Model ◽  
Bacillus Natto

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that the nutritional properties of peanut meal after fermentation are markedly improved. In this study, in order to facilitate the further utilization of peanut meal, we investigated the effects of its fermentation extract by Bacillus natto (FE) on cognitive ability, antioxidant activity of brain, and protein expression of hippocampus of aging rats induced by D-galactose. Seventy-two female SD rats aged 4-5 months were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group (N), aging model group (M), FE low-dose group (FL), FE medium-dose group (FM), FE high-dose group (FH) and vitamin E positive control group (Y). Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate their effects on learning and memory ability in aging rats. SOD activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of brain, HE staining and the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor 1 (GABABR1) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid 2B receptor (NMDAR2B) in the hippocampus of rats were measured. The results show that FE supplementation can effectively alleviate the decrease of thymus index induced by aging, decrease the escape latency of MWM by 66.06%, brain MDA by 28.04%, hippocampus GABABR1 expression by 7.98%, and increase brain SOD by 63.54% in aging model rats. This study provides evidence for its anti-aging effects and is a research basis for potential nutritional benefits of underutilized food by-products.

scholarly journals Jatrorrhizine Balances the Gut Microbiota and Reverses Learning and Memory Deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Ting Ouyang ◽  
Xiu-Yin Shen ◽  
Fen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Learning And Memory Deficits

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental components and has become a major public health issue throughout the world. Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the evolution of those major pathological symptoms. Jatrorrhizine (JAT), a main component of a traditional Chinese herbal, coptidis rhizome, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and we previously showed that it is also able to clear oxygen free radicals and reduce inflammatory responses. In this study, we demonstrated that JAT administration could alleviate the learning and memory deficits in AD. Furthermore, we also found that JAT treatment reduced the levels of Aβ plaques in the cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice. Other studies suggest that there are gut microbiome alterations in AD. In order to explore the underlying mechanisms between gut microbiota and AD, DNA sequencing for 16s rDNA V3-V4 was performed in fecal samples from APP/PS1 transgenic mice and C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice. Our results indicated that APP/PS1 mice showed less Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) abundance in gut microbiota than WT mice and with different composition. Furthermore, JAT treatment enriched OTUs abundance and alpha diversity in APP/PS1 mice compared to WT mice. High dose of JAT treatment altered the abundance of some specific gut microbiota such as the most predominant phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, APP/PS1 mice display gut dysbiosis, and JAT treatment not only improved the memory deficits, but also regulated the abundance of the microbiota. This may provide a therapeutic way to balance the gut dysbiosis in AD patients.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Lactobacillus casei Fermented Raspberry Juice In Vitro and In Vivo

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3055
Author(s):  
Ting Wu ◽  
Xueqi Chu ◽  
Yuxin Cheng ◽  
Shuxin Tang ◽  
Daniel Zogona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Produce Plant ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of gut microbiota by fermented raspberry juice (FRJ) both in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of FRJ reached the highest after fermentation for 42 h. Seventeen phenolic compounds were contained in FRJ, mainly including ellagic acid (496.64 ± 2.91 μg/g) and anthocyanins (total concentration: 387.93 μg/g). FRJ modulated the gut microbiota into a healthy in vitro status, with increase of valeric and isovaleric acids production. In healthy mice, all FRJ treatments improved the production of acetic, butyric and isovaleric acids as well as the gene expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Claudin-4, Ocdudin, E-cadherin and Muc-2. Moreover, variable gut microbial compositions were found among the groups fed diet-supplemented the different doses of FRJ, within low and median doses of FRJ may regulate the microbiota to a healthier state compared to the high dose supplementation. This study indicated that fermentation is a potential way to produce plant-based juices, which could reshape the gut microbiota and improve the host health.

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