scholarly journals A Review of Nervonic Acid Production in Plants: Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High Nervonic Acid Cultivars Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Pandi Wang ◽  
Xiaojuan Xiong ◽  
Xinhua Zeng ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Transgenic Technologies ◽  
Production Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that plays crucial roles in brain development and has attracted widespread research interest. The markets encouraged the development of a refined, NA-enriched plant oil as feedstocks for the needed further studies of NA biological functions to the end commercial application. Plant seed oils offer a renewable and environmentally friendly source of NA, but their industrial production is presently hindered by various factors. This review focuses on the NA biosynthesis and assembly, NA resources from plants, and the genetic engineering of NA biosynthesis in oil crops, discusses the factors that affect NA production in genetically engineered oil crops, and provides prospects for the application of NA and prospective trends in the engineering of NA. This review emphasizes the progress made toward various NA-related topics and explores the limitations and trends, thereby providing integrated and comprehensive insight into the nature of NA production mechanisms during genetic engineering. Furthermore, this report supports further work involving the manipulation of NA production through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding for the enhancement of crop nutritional quality or creation of plant biochemical factories to produce NA for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.

scholarly journals WRINKLED1, a “Master Regulator” in Transcriptional Control of Plant Oil Biosynthesis

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Que Kong ◽  
Ling Yuan ◽  
Wei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Structural Disorder ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Oil Crops

A majority of plant species generate and accumulate triacylglycerol (TAG) in their seeds, which is the main resource of carbon and energy supporting the process of seedling development. Plant seed oils have broad ranges of uses, being not only important for human diets but also renewable feedstock of industrial applications. The WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factor is vital for the transcriptional control of plant oil biosynthetic pathways. Since the identification of the Arabidopsis WRI1 gene (AtWRI1) fifteen years ago, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the functions of WRI1 at multiple levels, ranging from the identification of AtWRI1 target genes to location of the AtWRI1 binding motif, and from discovery of intrinsic structural disorder in WRI1 to fine-tuning of WRI1 modulation by post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions. The expanding knowledge on the functional understanding of the WRI1 regulatory mechanism not only provides a clearer picture of transcriptional regulation of plant oil biosynthetic pathway, but also helps generate new strategies to better utilize WRI1 for developing novel oil crops.

scholarly journals Jumping Ahead with Sleeping Beauty: Mechanistic Insights into Cut-and-Paste Transposition

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Matthias T. Ochmann ◽  
Zoltán Ivics
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Sleeping Beauty ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Gene Vector ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cellular Genome

Sleeping Beauty (SB) is a transposon system that has been widely used as a genetic engineering tool. Central to the development of any transposon as a research tool is the ability to integrate a foreign piece of DNA into the cellular genome. Driven by the need for efficient transposon-based gene vector systems, extensive studies have largely elucidated the molecular actors and actions taking place during SB transposition. Close transposon relatives and other recombination enzymes, including retroviral integrases, have served as useful models to infer functional information relevant to SB. Recently obtained structural data on the SB transposase enable a direct insight into the workings of this enzyme. These efforts cumulatively allowed the development of novel variants of SB that offer advanced possibilities for genetic engineering due to their hyperactivity, integration deficiency, or targeting capacity. However, many aspects of the process of transposition remain poorly understood and require further investigation. We anticipate that continued investigations into the structure–function relationships of SB transposition will enable the development of new generations of transposition-based vector systems, thereby facilitating the use of SB in preclinical studies and clinical trials.

Genetically-Engineered Protease-Activated Triggers in a Pore-Forming Protein

1993 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Walker ◽  
Nathan Walsh ◽  
Hagan Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Recognition Sequence ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
Selective Destruction ◽  
Pore Forming Proteins ◽  
Central Loop

ABSTRACTProtease-activated triggers have been introduced Into a pore-forming protein, staphylococcal a-hemolysin (αHL). The hemolysin was remodeled by genetic engineering to form two-chain constructs with redundant polypeptide sequences at the central loop, the Integrity of which Is crucial for efficient pore formation. The new hemolysins are activated when the polypeptide extensions are removed by proteases. By alterating the protease recognition sequence in the loop, selective activation by specified proteases can be obtained. Protease-triggered pore-forming proteins might be used for the selective destruction of cancer cells that bear tumor-associated proteases. When certain two-chain constructs are treated with proteases, a full-length polypeptide chain forms as the result of a protease-mediated transpeptidation reaction. This reaction might be used to produce chimeric hemolysins that are Inaccessible by conventional routes.

EMBRYO MANIPULATION AND GENE TRANSFER IN LIVESTOCK

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. CHURCH ◽  
F. J. SCHAUFELE ◽  
K. MECKLING
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Livestock Species

In the past few years significant progress has been made in manipulation of reproduction and in development of genetic engineering techniques which can be applied to animal species. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are now used widely in the livestock industry. The advent of non-surgical embryo collection and transfer, embryo freezing and splitting along with estrus synchronization has allowed the industry to move from the laboratory to the farm. Embryo manipulation now involves embryo splitting to produce monozygotic twins, in vitro fertilization, cross-species fertilization, embryo sexing, and chimeric production of tetraparental animals among others. Advances in recombinant DNA, plasmid construction and embryo manipulation technologies allow the production of genetically engineered animals. The application of recombinant DNA technology involves the isolation and manipulation of desired genes which have potential for significant changes in productivity in genetically engineered livestock. Recombinant DNA constructs involve the coupling of promoter, enhancer, regulatory and structural DNA sequences to form a "fusion gene" which can then be multiplied, purified, assayed and expressed in cell culture prior to being introduced into an animal genome. Such DNA gene constructs are readily available for many human and mouse genes. However, they are not readily available for livestock species because the detailed molecular biology has not yet been established in these species. Gene transfer offers a powerful new tool in animal research. Transfer of genes into the bovine genome has been accomplished. However, successful directed expression of these incorporated genes has not been achieved to date. New combinations of fusion genes may be an effective way of producing transgenic domestic animals which show controlled expression of the desired genes. Embryo manipulation and genetic engineering in livestock species is moving rapidly. The problems being addressed at present in numerous laboratories will result in enhanced livestock production in the not too distant future. Key words: Embryo transfer, embryo manipulation, transgenic livestock, genetic engineering, gene transfer, monozygotic twins

Genetic engineering of virus resistance: a successful genetical alchemy

1992 ◽  
Vol 99 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
B. D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Satellite Rna ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Specific Tolerance

SynopsisSome of the most successful early applications of genetic engineering in crop improvement have been in the production of virus-resistant plants. This has been achieved not by the transfer of naturally occurring resistance genes from one plant species or variety to another but by transformation with novel resistance genes based on nucleotide sequences derived from the viruses themselves or from virus-associated nucleic acids. Transformation of plants with a DNA copy of the particle protein gene of viruses that have positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes typically confers resistance to infection with the homologous and closely related viruses. Transformation with a gene that is transcribed to produce a benign viral satellite RNA can confer virus-specific tolerance of infection. In addition, recent work with viral poly-merase gene-related sequences offers much promise, and research is active on other strategies such as the use of virus-specific ribozymes.Already the field trialling of plants incorporating transgenic virus resistance has begun, with encouraging results, and effects on virus spread are being studied. Deployment strategies for the resistant plants must now be devised and the conjectural hazards of growing them assessed. Genetically engineered virus resistance promises to make a major contribution to the control of plant virus diseases by non-chemical methods.

Using genetic engineering to combat disease-spreading mosquitoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. 252-252
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Disease Spreading

Genetically engineered mosquitoes could help control the spread of diseases such as dengue, reports Kathryn Clark

Commercial application of biological control: status and prospects

1988 ◽  
Vol 318 (1189) ◽  
pp. 357-373 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The global market value of control agents used in crop protection and public health is approaching $16 000 million annually, but less than 1% of this market is penetrated by biological control agents (BCAs). This paper examines the suitability of different types of BCA to research and commercialization, bearing in mind the sharply targeted approach employed by much of the industry. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed along with examples of failures and successes with BCAs. Commercialized products described range from specific chemical control agents which have no adverse effects on beneficial organisms to true BCAs such as pheromones, mass-produced bacteria, and predatory mites. From a commercial viewpoint, greatest potential resides with the utilization of bacteria and fungi, particularly for insect control, but registerability (particularly for genetically engineered agents) patentability, reliability and cost-effectiveness must be achieved. Industry believes that biotechnology will increase the usefulness of BCAs and is therefore encouraging cooperation with academic researchers and performing in-house research to advance the technology. Even so, BCAs will not replace chemicals in the foreseeable future, but will complement them and allow the development of improved integrated control measures.

Facile preparation of uniform polydopamine particles and its application as an environmentally friendly flame retardant for biodegradable polylactic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-503
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tawiah ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Anthony Chun Yin Yuen ◽  
Bin Fei
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Insight Into

The demand for environmentally benign flame retardants for biodegradable polymers has become particularly necessary due to their inherently “green” nature. This work reports intrinsically non-toxic polydopamine (PDA) particles as an efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardant for polylactic acid (PLA). 5 wt% PDA loading resulted in a 22% reduction in the peak heat release rate, 34.7% increase in the fire performance index, and lower CO2 production compared to neat PLA. A limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 27.5% and a V-2 rating was achieved in the UL-94 vertical burning test. Highly aggregated amorphous particulate char was formed with the increasing content of PDA, and a significant reduction in evolved pyrolysis gaseous products was achieved for the PLA/PDA composites as compared with control PLA. This work provides important insight into the potential commercial application of PDA alone as an efficiently green, environmentally benign flame retardant for bioplastic PLA.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Insight into particle production mechanisms via angular correlations of identified particles in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=7$$ TeV

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Adam ◽  
◽  
D. Adamová ◽  
M. M. Aggarwal ◽  
G. Aglieri Rinella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Pp Collisions ◽  
Angular Correlations ◽  
Production Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

This document corrects two errors in Eur. Phys. J. C77 (2017) no. 8, 56: the incorrect referencing of Fig. 1 labels in three paragraphs in the results section and a missing acknowledgements section.

Genetic components analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss) under Saharanpur districts

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Amit Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Days To Maturity

Regression coefficient ‘b1’ deviated from unity for length of main raceme, Number of secondary branches per plant, test weight, oil content, Number of siliquae per plant, seed yield per plant. The estimates of additive components ( Dˆ ), dominance components ( 1 Hˆ and 2Hˆ ) were highly significant for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, number of siliquae per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, oil content, test weight and seed yield per plant .All the estimates of Fˆ (mean of Fr value, where Fr is the proportion of negatives effects of Genes in rth parents) was positive and significant number of siliquae per plant, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height and except for which is highly significant whereas days to maturity was negative and significant. The estimates of 2 hˆ were positive and highly significant for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, oil content, test weight and seed yield per plant. The estimates of mean degree of dominance ( 1Hˆ / Dˆ ) 0.5 were more than unity for length of main raceme, number of secondary branches per plant, oil content, test weight and seed yield per plant.

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