scholarly journals Exogenous 6-Benzyladenine Improves Waterlogging Tolerance in Maize Seedlings by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Upregulating the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Wang ◽  
Daye Wang ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Fenghai Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Waxy Corn ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

The synthetic cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) regulates plant growth and prevents the negative consequences of various forms of abiotic stress, including waterlogging in crop plants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous 6-BA on the growth, oxidative stress, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle system in the inbred SY-MY13 (waterlogging-resistant) and SY-XT1 (waterlogging-sensitive) seedlings of waxy corn in conditions of waterlogging stress. The results demonstrated that waterlogging stress causes chlorosis and necrosis in waxy corn leaves, inhibiting growth and leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces oxidative stress and, in turn, reduces membrane lipid peroxidation and the disruption of membrane homeostasis. This is specifically manifested in the increased concentrations of superoxide anion radicals (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in addition to increased relative electrical conductivity (REC%) values. The SY-MY13 strain exhibited growth superior to that of SY-XT1 when waterlogged due to its excellent waterlogging resistance. Thus, exogenous 6-BA was found to be effective in enhancing the growth of plants stressed by waterlogging in terms of the weight of the shoots and roots, shoot height, and leaf area. In addition to this, exogenous 6-BA also reduced the accumulation of O2-, H2O2, and MDA, increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity, and enhanced ascorbic acid (AsA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration through the regulation of the efficiency of the AsA-GSH cycle system in maize plants. Hence, the application of exogenous 6-BA can alleviate waterlogging-induced damage and improve waterlogging tolerance in waxy corn via the activation of the AsA-GSH cycle system and the elimination of ROS.

scholarly journals Waterlogging-Stress-Responsive LncRNAs, Their Regulatory Relationships with MiRNAs and Target Genes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8197
Author(s):  
Kinga Kęska ◽  
Michał Wojciech Szcześniak ◽  
Adela Adamus ◽  
Małgorzata Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Low oxygen level is a phenomenon often occurring during the cucumber cultivation period. Genes involved in adaptations to stress can be regulated by non-coding RNA. The aim was the identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the response to long-term waterlogging stress in two cucumber haploid lines, i.e., DH2 (waterlogging tolerant—WL-T) and DH4 (waterlogging sensitive—WL-S). Plants, at the juvenile stage, were waterlogged for 7 days (non-primed, 1xH), and after a 14-day recovery period, plants were stressed again for another 7 days (primed, 2xH). Roots were collected for high-throughput RNA sequencing. Implementation of the bioinformatic pipeline made it possible to determine specific lncRNAs for non-primed and primed plants of both accessions, highlighting differential responses to hypoxia stress. In total, 3738 lncRNA molecules were identified. The highest number (1476) of unique lncRNAs was determined for non-primed WL-S plants. Seventy-one lncRNAs were depicted as potentially being involved in acquiring tolerance to hypoxia in cucumber. Understanding the mechanism of gene regulation under long-term waterlogging by lncRNAs and their interactions with miRNAs provides sufficient information in terms of adaptation to the oxygen deprivation in cucumber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of long-term waterlogging tolerance by priming application in cucumber.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Lei Xuan ◽  
Jianfeng Hua ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Adh Genes ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’) [Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum (L.). Rich] has an outstanding advantage in flooding tolerance and thus has been widely used in wetland afforestation in China. Alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) played key roles in ethanol metabolism to maintain energy supply for plants in low-oxygen conditions. Two ADH genes were isolated and characterized—ThADH1 and ThADH4 (GenBank ID: AWL83216 and AWL83217—basing on the transcriptome data of T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ grown under waterlogging stress. Then the functions of these two genes were investigated through transient expression and overexpression. The results showed that the ThADH1 and ThADH4 proteins both fall under ADH III subfamily. ThADH1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas ThADH4 was only localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of the two genes was stimulated by waterlogging and the expression level in roots was significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The respective overexpression of ThADH1 and ThADH4 in Populus caused the opposite phenotype, while waterlogging tolerance of the two transgenic Populus significantly improved. Collectively, these results indicated that genes ThADH1 and ThADH4 were involved in the tolerance and adaptation to anaerobic conditions in T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’.

scholarly journals Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

scholarly journals Cultivation at high osmotic pressure confers ubiquinone 8–independent protection of respiration on Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tempelhagen ◽  
Anita Ayer ◽  
Doreen E. Culham ◽  
Roland Stocker ◽  
Janet M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Uptake Rates

Ubiquinone 8 (coenzyme Q8 or Q8) mediates electron transfer within the aerobic respiratory chain, mitigates oxidative stress, and contributes to gene expression in Escherichia coli. In addition, Q8 was proposed to confer bacterial osmotolerance by accumulating during growth at high osmotic pressure and altering membrane stability. The osmolyte trehalose and membrane lipid cardiolipin accumulate in E. coli cells cultivated at high osmotic pressure. Here, Q8 deficiency impaired E. coli growth at low osmotic pressure and rendered growth osmotically sensitive. The Q8 deficiency impeded cellular O2 uptake and also inhibited the activities of two proton symporters, the osmosensing transporter ProP and the lactose transporter LacY. Q8 supplementation decreased membrane fluidity in liposomes, but did not affect ProP activity in proteoliposomes, which is respiration-independent. Liposomes and proteoliposomes prepared with E. coli lipids were used for these experiments. Similar oxygen uptake rates were observed for bacteria cultivated at low and high osmotic pressures. In contrast, respiration was dramatically inhibited when bacteria grown at the same low osmotic pressure were shifted to high osmotic pressure. Thus, respiration was restored during prolonged growth of E. coli at high osmotic pressure. Of note, bacteria cultivated at low and high osmotic pressures had similar Q8 concentrations. The protection of respiration was neither diminished by cardiolipin deficiency nor conferred by trehalose overproduction during growth at low osmotic pressure, but rather might be achieved by Q8-independent respiratory chain remodeling. We conclude that osmotolerance is conferred through Q8-independent protection of respiration, not by altering physical properties of the membrane.

Intrathymic and intrasplenic oxidative stress mediates thymocyte and splenocyte damage in acutely exercised mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1823-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Azenabor ◽  
L. Hoffman-Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Impact

Reactive oxygen species may contribute to apoptosis in lymphoid tissues observed after exercise. Thymic and splenic tissues excised from control mice (C) or mice immediately after ( t 0) or 24 h after ( t 24) a run to exhaustion (RTE) were assayed for biochemical indexes of oxidative stress [thymic and splenic membrane lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA)]. There were significant increases in membrane lipid peroxides in thymus ( P < 0.001) and spleen ( P < 0.001) in acutely exercised mice relative to controls (thymus: C = 2.74 ± 0.80 μM; t 0 = 7.45 ± 0.48 μM; t 24 = 9.44 ±1.41 μM; spleen: C = 0.48 ± 0.22 μM; t 0 = 1.78 ± 0.28 μM; t 24 = 2.81 ± 0.34 μM). The thymic and splenic tissue antioxidant enzymes concentrations of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower in samples collected at t 0 relative to C and t 24 mice ( P < 0.001). Plasma UA and AA levels were used to assess the impact of the RTE on the peripheral antioxidant pool. There was no significant change in UA levels and a significant reduction in plasma AA concentrations ( P < 0.001); the reduction in plasma AA occurred at t 24 (6.53 ± 1.64 μM) relative to t 0 (13.11 ± 0.71 μM) and C (13.26 ± 1.2 μM). These results suggest that oxidative damage occurs in lymphoid tissues after RTE exercise and that such damage may contribute to lymphocyte damage observed after acute exercise.

scholarly journals Multiple isoforms of mitochondrial glutathione S-transferases and their differential induction under oxidative stress

2002 ◽  
Vol 366 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider RAZA ◽  
Marie-Anne ROBIN ◽  
Ji-kang FANG ◽  
Narayan G. AVADHANI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Glutathione

The mitochondrial respiratory chain, which consumes approx. 85–90% of the oxygen utilized by cells, is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial genetic and biosynthetic systems are highly susceptible to ROS toxicity. Intramitochondrial glutathione (GSH) is a major defence against ROS. In the present study, we have investigated the nature of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pool in mouse liver mitochondria, and have purified three distinct forms of GST: GSTA1-1 and GSTA4-4 of the Alpha family, and GSTM1-1 belonging to the Mu family. The mitochondrial localization of these multiple GSTs was confirmed using a combination of immunoblot analysis, protease protection assay, enzyme activity, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, peptide mapping and confocal immunofluorescence analysis. Additionally, exogenously added 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a reactive byproduct of lipid peroxidation, to COS cells differentially affected the cytosolic and mitochondrial GSH pools in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Our results show that HNE-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress caused a decrease in the GSH pool, increased membrane lipid peroxidation, and increased levels of GSTs, glutathione peroxidase and Hsp70 (heat-shock protein 70). The HNE-induced oxidative stress persisted for longer in the mitochondrial compartment, where the recovery of GSH pool was slower than in the cytosolic compartment. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates the presence in mitochondria of multiple forms of GSTs that show molecular properties similar to those of their cytosolic counterparts. Our results suggest that mitochondrial GSTs may play an important role in defence against chemical and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN LEAVES OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA (L.) PERS.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Pradeesh S ◽  
Swapna T S
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
The Family

Objective: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidants present in Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. belongs to the family Fabaceae.Methods: Fresh samples were used for the analysis of antioxidants such as total phenol, carotenoids, Vitamin-A, Vitamin-C, Vitamin-E, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase by standard estimation methods.Results: Present studies revealed that this wild leafy plant has numerous antioxidant factors that destroying the free radicals that damage the cells.Conclusion: S. grandiflora contain many enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and could be a good source of dietary antioxidants which play an important role in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective and Memory-Enhancing Effect of the Combined Extract of Purple Waxy Corn Cob and Pandan in Ovariectomized Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woranan Kirisattayakul ◽  
Jintanaporn Wattanathorn ◽  
Sittichai Iamsaard ◽  
Jinatta Jittiwat ◽  
Bhalang Suriharn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Neuron Density ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Waxy Corn ◽  
Memory Enhancing

The neuroprotectant and memory enhancer supplement for menopause is required due to the side effects of hormone replacement therapy. Since purple waxy corn cob and pandan leaves exert antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChEI) effects, we hypothesized that the combined extract of both plants (PCP) might provide synergistic effect leading to the improved brain damage and memory impairment in experimental menopause. To test this hypothesis, female Wistar rats were ovariectomized bilaterally and orally given various doses of the functional drink at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg for 28 days. The animals were assessed nonspatial memory using object recognition test every 7 days throughout the study period. At the end of study, they were assessed with oxidative stress status, AChEI, neuron density, and ERK1/2 signal in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Interestingly, all doses of PCP increased object recognition memory and neuron density but decreased oxidative stress status in PFC. Low dose of PCP also decreased AChE activity while medium dose of PCP increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in PFC. Therefore, the improved oxidative stress status and cholinergic function together with signal transduction via ERK in PFC might be responsible for the neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects of PCP.

Ascorbate and glutathione metabolism during development and desiccation of orthodox and recalcitrant seeds of the genus Acer

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislawa Pukacka ◽  
Ewelina Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

The ascorbate–glutathione system was studied during development and desiccation of seeds of two Acer species differing in desiccation tolerance: Norway maple (Acer platanoides L., orthodox) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L., recalcitrant). The results showed remarkable differences in the concentration and redox balance of ascorbate and glutathione between these two kinds of seeds during development, and a significant dependence between glutathione content and acquisition of desiccation tolerance in Norway maple seeds. There were relatively small differences between the species in the activities of enzymes of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle: ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MR, EC 1.6.5.4), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2). At the end of seed maturation, ascorbic acid content and the activities of the above enzymes was about the same in both species The electrophoretic pattern of APX isoenzymes was also similar for both species, and the intensity of the bands decreased at the end of seed maturation in both species. When sycamore seeds were desiccated to a moisture content of less than 26%, there was a marked decrease in seed viability and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species. During desiccation, Norway maple seeds had a more active defence system, which was reflected in a higher glutathione content, a higher glutathione redox status, a higher ascorbate redox status, and higher activities of APX, MR, DHAR, GR and GPX (glutathione peroxidase). During desiccation, sulfhydryl-to-disulfide transition into proteins was more intense in Norway maple seeds than sycamore seeds. All of these results suggest that, in orthodox seeds, the ascorbate–glutathione cycle plays an important role in the acquisition of tolerance to desiccation, in protein maturation, and in protection from reactive oxygen species.

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