The Longitudinal Interplay Between Social Network and Psychopathology in Multi-Problem Young Adult Men; Separating Within-and Between-Person Effects

Young adulthood is characterized by many life changes. Especially for young men with problems across different life domains (i.e., multi-problem), these changes may entail obstacles. Incidences of psychopathology increase during young adulthood and at the same time important shifts in social networks – such as changing relations with peers and parents, isolation, or deviant peer affiliation – take place. The present study examined the longitudinal interplay between psychopathology and social network characteristics over the course of 1 year in multi-problem young adults, at both between-person and within-person level. A sample of 696 multi-problem young adult men (age 18–27) participated in this three wave study. We used traditional cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) to examine how social network characteristics and psychopathology are related at the between-person level, and random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) to examine within-person links. Between-person associations between internalizing problems and social networks were bidirectional, and externalizing problems were related to problematic social network characteristics, but not vice versa. At the within-person level, no such cross-lagged paths were found. Overall, results indicated that in multi-problem young adults, social network characteristics and psychopathology are related. However, looking at within-person processes this relation is not reciprocal.

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The Application of Social Networking as a Marketing Platform to Young Adults

Adoption, Usage, and Global Impact of Broadband Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-011-2.ch012 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 184-197

Author(s):

Justin Henley Beneke

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Young Adults ◽

Social Network ◽

Young Adult ◽

Social Networking ◽

Word Of Mouth ◽

Vested Interest ◽

Symbiotic Relationship ◽

Annual Basis ◽

Word Of Mouth Communication

Social networking is often touted as being a prominent application responsible for driving the adoption of residential broadband services. The growth of social networks is phenomenal – in many cases more than doubling in size on an annual basis. This study considers how social networking may be utilized for commercial purposes to spread word-of-mouth communication. The chapter therefore considers the characteristics of young adult social network users, how they behave and interact with other users on such platforms, as well as the manner in which marketers can make the most of this platform without experiencing a consumer backlash. The research suggests that if a symbiotic relationship does indeed exist between broadband proliferation and the adoption of social networking, both have a vested interest in each other’s continued success.

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Who Belongs to Me? Social Relationship and Personality Characteristics in the Transition to Young Adulthood

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.1974 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 586-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jenny Wagner ◽

Oliver Lüdtke ◽

Brent W. Roberts ◽

Ulrich Trautwein

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Network ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Social Relationship ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Network Size ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Personality Psychology ◽

Emotional Closeness ◽

Network Characteristics

Not much is known about how social network characteristics change in the transition out of school and what role Big Five personality plays in this context. The aim of this paper was twofold. First, we explored changes in social network and relationship characteristics across the transition out of secondary school. Second, we examined within–person and between–person effects of personality on these social network changes. Results based on a series of multilevel models to a longitudinal sample of 2287 young adults revealed four main findings. First, social networks increased in size, and this increase was mainly due to a larger number of nonkin. Stable social networks during the transition consisted mainly of family ties but were generally characterized by high closeness. Second, extraversion and openness consistently predicted network size, whereas agreeableness predicted network overlap. Third, increases in emotional closeness were found only for kin; closeness was generally lower for unstable relationships. Fourth, changes in emotional closeness were related to personality, particularly neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness for stable relationships; for unstable relationships, however, closeness was related to extraversion and openness. The article concludes by discussing the role of personality for social relationship development and the active moulding of social networks in young adulthood. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Physical Activity Levels for Girls and Young Adult Women versus Boys and Young Adult Men in Spain: A Gender Gap Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12156265 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 6265

Author(s):

Xian Mayo ◽

Antonio Luque-Casado ◽

Alfonso Jimenez ◽

Fernando del Villar

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young Adult ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Young Women ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Adult Men ◽

Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽

Age Range

Despite that the health benefits of physical activity (PA) are clear, during the last years, a noticeable plateau or slight increase in physical inactivity levels in Spanish adolescents and young adults has been reported. In addition, there seems to be a progressive reduction of the total PA performed with age in both adolescent and young women as well as adult men. We aimed to analyze these changes with age in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a sample of Spanish adolescents and young adults within the age range of 15–24 years old (n = 7827), considering the gender and using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. For that, we implemented a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) considering both the gender and the age group surveyed. Generally, our findings showed a reduction in the daily MVPA performed from adolescence to young adulthood in Spaniards. Within these reductions, girls reduce their PA levels at a different age and pace in adolescence and young adulthood in comparison to boys. Though girls were less active than boys in the 15–18 year age range, these differences were no longer significant at older ages. Our results point out the necessity of implementing different policy approaches based on gender (i.e., for girls and young women), since reductions in the MVPA performed occur at particular ages and paces in comparison to boys and young men. This difference indicates that the traditional approach during adolescence and young adulthood is inadequate for tackling physical inactivity without considering the population’s gender.

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Navigating being a young adult with cerebral palsy: a qualitative study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2020-0039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Gitte Normann ◽

Kirsten Arntz Boisen ◽

Peter Uldall ◽

Anne Brødsgaard

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Young Adult ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Educational Background ◽

Pediatric Care ◽

Healthcare Needs ◽

New Challenges

AbstractObjectivesYoung adults with cerebral palsy (CP) face potential challenges. The transition to young adulthood is characterized by significant changes in roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, young adults with chronic conditions face a transfer from pediatric care to adult healthcare. This study explores how living with CP affects young adults in general, and specifically which psychosocial, medical and healthcare needs are particularly important during this phase of life.MethodsA qualitative study with data from individual, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with six young adults with CP (ages 21–31 years) were transcribed verbatim and analyzed. The participants were selected to provide a maximum variation in age, gender, Gross Motor Function Classification System score and educational background. A descriptive thematic analysis was used to explore patterns and identify themes.ResultsThree themes were identified: “Being a Young Adult”, “Development in Physical Disability and New Challenges in Adulthood” and “Navigating the Healthcare System”. The three themes emerged from 15 sub-themes. Our findings emphasized that young adults with CP faced psychosocial challenges in social relationships, participation in education and work settings and striving towards independence. The transition to young adulthood led to a series of new challenges that the young adults were not prepared for. Medical challenges included managing CP-related physical and cognitive symptoms and navigating adult health care services, where new physicians with insufficient knowledge regarding CP were encountered.ConclusionThe young adults with CP were not prepared for the challenges and changes they faced during their transition into adulthood. They felt that they had been abandoned by the healthcare system and lacked a medical home. Better transitional care is urgently needed to prepare them for the challenges in young adulthood.

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Social Network Characteristics and Daily Smoking among Young Adults in Sweden

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph10126517 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 6517-6533 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mikael Rostila ◽

Ylva Almquist ◽

Viveca Östberg ◽

Christofer Edling ◽

Jens Rydgren

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Social Network ◽

Daily Smoking ◽

Network Characteristics

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EXPANDING SOCIAL TIES AS A GOAL IN LATER LIFE: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.623 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S175-S175

Author(s):

Danielle Oleskiewicz ◽

Karen Rook

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Social Networks ◽

Social Network ◽

Social Ties ◽

Later Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Support Provision ◽

Network Characteristics ◽

Network Composition

Abstract Older adults often winnow their social ties to focus on emotionally rewarding ties (Charles & Carstensen, 2010). Some older adults, however, have small social networks that preclude much winnowing or aversive social ties from which disengagement is difficult. These individuals might be motivated to expand, rather than contract, their social ties. The current study sought to extend knowledge regarding potential links between social network characteristics and older adults’ interest, effort, and success in creating new social ties. We expected that small social networks and negative social ties might motivate interest and effort directed toward forming new social ties but that positive social ties might foster success in efforts to form new ties. In-person interviews were conducted with participants (N = 351, Mean age = 74.16) in a larger study of older adults’ social networks and well-being. The interviews assessed participants’ social networks, as well as their interest, effort, and success in making new social ties. Participants’ social network composition, rather than size, was associated with greater motivation to establish new social ties. Negative social ties were associated with greater interest and effort directed toward forming new social ties. Positive social ties were related to greater success (due, in part, to their support provision) and, unexpectedly, were also related to greater interest and effort directed toward forming new ties. Older adults sometimes seek to expand, rather than contract, their social ties, and characteristics of their social networks appear to play a role in fueling and influencing the success of such efforts.

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Social networks and the employment of young people leaving care

Young People Leaving State Care in China ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447336693.003.0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyuan Shang ◽

Karen R. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young Adult ◽

Young People ◽

Economic Transition ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Job Placement ◽

Welfare Institutions ◽

The Government ◽

Economic Transitions

This chapter illustrates how most young people in Chinese state care become state wards as very young children and have disabilities. When they reach adulthood, many of them remain unemployed. Before the economic transitions in the 1980s, the government provided most of these young people with jobs when they became young adults, or they gained employment in welfare enterprises with tax concessions to employ people with disabilities. After the economic transition, however, many welfare factories reduced their employees or closed down, and state directives for job placement were dismantled. The chapter shows how job placement for young adult orphans has become a challenge for child welfare institutions, and a bottleneck for the support of new children entering state care.

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Trajectory of Smoking and Incidence of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease among Korean Young Adult Men

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16122219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 2219 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yongho Jee ◽

Jooeun Jeon ◽

Joung Hwan Back ◽

Mikyung Ryu ◽

Sung-il Cho

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young Adult ◽

Trajectory Analysis ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Adult Men ◽

Group 4 ◽

Trajectory Group ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 1

Introduction: Smoking among young adults is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in middle age. Our aim was to analyze the trajectory of smoking in young adults and analyze the effects of the trajectory group on incident ASCVD. Methods: This study was conducted among 60,709 young adult men aged 20–29 years who received health screening every two years from 1992–2004. Trajectory analysis was performed through smoking survey data measured 7 times during this period. ASCVD, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke events were confirmed from 2005–2015. The association between the trajectory group and ASCVD risk was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models, controlling for covariates and mediators. Results: Trajectory analysis showed that smoking categorized into five groups as follows: Group 1 (28.3%), low steady; Group 2 (14.7%), lowering; Group 3 (17.3%), high steady; Group 4 (15.6%), rise and fall; and Group 5 (24.2%), very high steady. The model performance of the trajectory model (Akaike information criterion; AIC = 51,670.78) with mediators was better than the model (AIC = 51,847.85) without mediators. Group 5 showed a 49% higher risk of ASCVD than Group 1. The risk of IHD was 1.63-times higher for Group 5 and 1.31-times higher for Group 4, compared to Group 1. Compared to Group 1, Group 5 had a 1.36- and 1.58-times higher risk for total stroke and ischemic stroke, respectively. Conclusions: In young adult men, the multiple measured trajectory model with mediators was far more informative than one-time smoking for explaining the association with cardiovascular disease.

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Childhood Depressive Symptoms Predict Psychiatric Problems in Young Adults

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370004500507 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 465-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Eeva T Aronen ◽

Mika Soininen

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Young Adult ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Adaptive Functioning ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychiatric Problems

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of childhood depressive symptoms for psychiatric symptoms, adaptive functioning, and self-performance in young adults. Method: The study sample consisted of 111 young adults born during 1975–1976 in the Helsinki region. The young adults were assessed in childhood (10 to 11 years of age) using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and at the age of 20 to 21 years using Achenbach's Young Adult Self Report (YASR), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Wallston Self-Performance Survey. Results: Self-reported depressive symptoms in childhood predicted psychiatric symptoms (especially aggression), poor adaptive functioning, and low self-esteem in young adulthood. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms in children should be addressed to prevent later psychiatric problems. The CDI may be a measure of nonspecific psychopathology rather than of pure depression—thus, it may be a good screening tool for child populations.

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